Panarin Company entered into two contracts on the same date with Hjalmarsson Corporation. Pana has provided the following analysis of price and cost for the contracts: Hjalmarsson, the customer, may cancel both contracts if either of them is not fulfilled by Panarin in a timely manner. Stand-alone prices are typically $120,000 for the goods in Contract A and $80,000 for the goods in Contract B.
Required:
1. Should the two contracts be combined for purposes of applying the 5-step revenue recognition model?
2. What amount of revenue should Panarin associate with each of the contracts?
3. When should revenue be recognized on each of the contracts?
Answers
Here are some missing parts of your question.
contract price for a = 125,000, for b = 80,000
cost of related goods for a = 70,000 for b = 55,000
Explanation:
1. Both contracts should be combined for the the purpose of applying this model. so the answer is yes
2.
120000 + (5000 x 60%)
= 120000 + 3000
= $123000
80000 (5000 x 40%)
= 80000 + 2000
= $82000
from the question we were told that prices for Contract A is $120,000 while prices for Contract B is $80,000. the Contract price of Contract A put to be $125,000. so we have $5,000 more that should be shared between the contracts a and b. so the obligations for goods from A is calculated to be $123,000 and tht of contract B is $82,000.
c.
when control of goods is shifted to customer then the revenue has to be recognized
Related Questions
(Economics)
In an essay of at least two well-developed paragraphs, explain the global benefits of international trade and multinational corporations.
Answers
International trade refers to the exchange of goods and services across national borders. It plays a significant role in promoting economic growth and providing several global benefits.
One of the primary advantages of international trade is that it allows countries to specialize in producing goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage. This means that countries can focus on producing goods that they can produce more efficiently and at a lower cost compared to other countries. As a result, resources are allocated more efficiently, leading to increased productivity and higher standards of living.Furthermore, international trade enables countries to access a wider variety of goods and services that may not be available domestically. This increases consumer choices and provides opportunities for individuals to enjoy a higher quality of life. For example, consumers in a landlocked country can still enjoy fresh seafood by importing it from coastal countries. Similarly, individuals in colder climates can purchase tropical fruits from countries where they are grown.Multinational corporations (MNCs) also contribute to the global benefits of international trade. These are companies that operate in multiple countries, with business activities ranging from production to distribution. MNCs play a crucial role in facilitating international trade by establishing global supply chains, investing in foreign markets, and creating jobs. They bring capital, technology, and managerial expertise to host countries, which can lead to economic development and improved living standards.Moreover, MNCs often engage in research and development (R&D) activities, driving innovation and technological advancements. This can have far-reaching benefits for both the host country and the global economy. For instance, a multinational pharmaceutical company conducting R&D in a developing country may discover new drugs or medical treatments that can benefit people worldwide.In conclusion, international trade and multinational corporations provide numerous global benefits. They promote specialization, resource allocation efficiency, and access to a wider variety of goods and services. Additionally, MNCs contribute to economic development, job creation, innovation, and technological advancements. Overall, international trade and MNCs play a crucial role in fostering economic growth and improving the well-being of individuals and nations around the world.
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What is the main reason that people purchase insurance policies?
A. they want to reduce the cost of their student or personal loans.
B. They want to avoid paying for major unexpected expenses.
C. They want to avoid increasing their monthly premiums
D. They want to invest money in insurance to grow it over time
Answers
Option B is correct. The main reason that people purchase insurance policies is because they want to avoid paying for major unexpected expenses.
What is an insurance policies?An insurance policy can be defined a contract between the insurer and the policyholder which determines the claims which the insurer is legally required to pay. The policy is enforced in an exchange for an initial payment known as the premium in which the insurer promises to pay for loss caused by perils covered under the policy language.
Most of the insurance contracts are designed to meet specific needs and thus have many features not found in many other types of contracts. Because these insurance policies are standard forms, they often feature boilerplate language which is similar across a wide variety of different types of insurance policies.
Some examples of the popular insurance policies includes a Life Insurance, Health Insurance, Disability Insurance, Homeowner's Insurance, Automobile Insurance, Liability Insurance etc,
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What sections make up a balance sheet?
Assets
Capital
Liabilities
Owner's Equity
Answers
assets, liabilities, and equity.
A successful data-driven market segmentation program depends on each of the following except:
a.
the rejection of tradiitional marketing research techniques
b.
the use of transactional and event data
c.
a common definition of market segments across all areas of the business
d.
developing a centralized and accessible CRM (Customer Relationship Management) database
Answers
A successful data-driven market segmentation program depends on the "use of transactional and event data", "a common definition of market segments", "and the development of a centralized CRM database" but it does not depend on "the rejection of tradiitional marketing research techniques".
The correct option to the given question is option a.
Traditional marketing research techniques, such as surveys, focus groups, and interviews, have long been used to gather insights about consumer behavior and preferences. While these techniques may have limitations, they still play a valuable role in understanding customer motivations and attitudes. Data-driven market segmentation programs can benefit from a combination of both traditional and data-driven research approaches. The use of transactional and event data is crucial for a data-driven market segmentation program. This type of data provides valuable information about customer behaviors, purchase patterns, and interactions with the business.
Having a common definition of market segments across all areas of the business ensures consistency and alignment in marketing efforts. This allows for targeted and personalized messaging that resonates with each segment. It also facilitates coordination between different departments, such as marketing, sales, and customer service, leading to a more cohesive and effective customer experience.
Finally, developing a centralized and accessible CRM database is essential for managing and analyzing customer data. It enables the integration of data from various sources, such as transactions, interactions, and demographic information, into a single platform. This centralized database provides a comprehensive view of customers, enabling more accurate segmentation and personalized marketing initiatives.
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One of the assumptions underlying the production possibilities curve (or
production possibilities frontier) for any given economy is that
A. all societies will choose to operate at a point inside the curve
B. there is full employment of resources when the economy is on the
curve
C. goods can be produced outside the curve.
D. there is an unlimited supply of resources.
E the state of technology changes
Answers
Resources are fully utilized when the economy is on the production possibility curve. Therefore, option B is correct.
What is the Production possibility curve?The production possibilities curve displays different production volume combinations for two items utilizing fixed resources. The idea is that if the production of one commodity rises, the output of the other will fall.
The essential assumptions of the production possibility curve are: Resources are provided and don't change. The technology employed in the manufacturing process doesn't change. The resources are effectively and completely used.
The Production possibility curve is useful for demonstrating the ideas of scarcity, opportunity cost, efficiency, and economic development and contraction.
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If financial markets are efficient, that suggests that:_____.
a. investors cannot expect to outperform the market consistently.
b. security prices are random.
c. investors cannot earn superior.
d. returns bearing additional risk will not increase return.
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The efficient market hypothesis posits that market prices contains all information in the market. As a result, an investor cannot consistently expect to outperform the market or consistently generate a positive alpha.
The efficient market hypothesis thus suggests a passive form of investment.
Forms of the efficient market hypothesis
a. the weak form - market prices contain information about past market prices. thus there is no need for technical analysis
b. the semi strong - it posits that market prices consists of all publicly available information
c. the strong form - it submits that market prices reflects both publicly and privately available information. As a result, excess returns cannot be earned consistently through insider trading
Gomez Company had beginning inventory of $1,900 and ending inventory of $1,500. The cost of goods sold was $4,300. Based on this information, what is the amount of inventory that was purchased by Gomez Company
Answers
Answer: 3900
Explanation:
Purchases= Cost of good sold + Ending inventory - Beginning inventory
Purchases= 4300+1500-1900=3900
On the 24th, a shooting incident occurred at a high school in St. Louis, Missouri, my country. A 19-year-old gunman opened fire on the campus, causing 2 deaths and 7 injuries, and was eventually shot dead by the police.
On October 25, St. Louis Mayor Tishaura Jones said that gun violence continues to take the lives of children and children in our country, and its severity is enough to become a "national emergency" and the government should take action. Police said at a news conference that day that the gunman was Orlando Harris, a 19-year-old male who just graduated from the high school last year.
Answers
The deaths at the high school in St. Louis, Missouri, United States show that an argument can indeed be made for tighter gun controls in the country.
Should there be tighter gun controls in the United States?The most recent tragedy that resulted from gun violence in the United States, was the killing of two people at the Central Visual and Performing Arts High School, St. Louis, Missouri, by a previous student of the school.
Over the years, there have been other instances of gun violence in American schools including the shooting at Uvalde, Texas that led to the deaths of 19 children.
The United States has the highest rates of gun ownership in the entire world as well as one of the highest rates for mass shooting. This means that there must be a correlation between the two. Nations that have tighter gun controls have lower rates of mass shooting.
There is therefore a good enough argument that the United States should introduce stricter and tighter gun controls in order to reduce the incidence of mass shootings, especially at schools.
The rest of the question is:
Does this shooting add more evidence for the argument for tighter gun control or less?
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Which position most likely requires a master’s degree for success?
Computer Programmer
Website Designer
IT Project Manager
Computer Scientist
Answers
Answer:
The answer is computer scientist
You want to change your working hours so you can go to your part-time job
Answers
An employee can request for a reduction in working hour by addressing a letter to the Human resources while stating the reason which includes intention to work in a part-time job.
How do you negotiate work hours?Generally, the perfect time to negotiate flexible His when en employee received an offer from a new job
However, the employee can request for such hour reduction with relevant reason through a written letter.
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The___ represents the cost of a loan and is expressed as a percent of the amount borrowed
A-CPI
B-interest rate
C-principle
D-supply
Answers
Answer:
I’m pretty sure it’s B. interest rate
Target market demographics can help you determine which ____________________ would be most effective for marketing.
A) business card fonts
B) social media platforms
C) style of flyers
Answers
Target market demographics can help you determine which social media platforms would be most effective for marketing. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
A target market is a group of people who have been selected as the most likely potential purchasers for a product based on factors such as age, income, and lifestyle.
When a company creates, packages, and advertises its product, identifying the target market is an important element of the decision-making process and helpful in marketing. Everyone who can be defined as belonging to a given age group, income level, gender, occupation, and education level is included in the target market demographics.
Therefore, the appropriate answer is option B.
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In newspaper advertising, ________ advertising includes copy, illustrations or photos, headlines, coupons, and other visual components. classified audience display bleed tabloid
Answers
Answer:
C. display
Explanation:
Display advertising is an advertising process where a product or services are displayed in form of images, videos, and published on the social sites so that the people could aware of that particular product or services
Therefore as per the given situation, in the newspaper advertising, the display advertising involved the copy, photos, headlines etc
Hence, the correct option is C.
)A stock is expected to pay a dividend of $1 per share in two months and in five months. The stock price is $50, and the risk-free rate of interest is 8% per annum with continuous compounding for all maturities. An investor has just taken a short position in a six-month forward contract on the stock. The forward contract is initiated today.
(1) the forward price of the forward contract is $_____ (保留四位小数)
(2) the initial value of the forward contract is $_____ (保留四位小数)
(3) Three months later, the forward price of the stock is 47.9699 for the same forward contract and the risk-free rate of interest is still 8% per annum. The value of the short position in the forward contract is $_____(保留四位小数)
Answers
2. The initial value of the forward contract is zero
3. In three months the value of the short position in the forward contract is $47.96
my bunnies Lola (gray and white) and Sylvester (brown)
Answers
Answer:
cute
Explanation:
theyre so cute
Answer:
omg your bunnies are SO cute!
Explanation:
:D
How are charts inserted into a PowerPoint slide?
Answers
Charts inserted into a PowerPoint slide will be done with the help of the insert menu.
To insert an Excel chart in a PowerPoint slide following steps will be in use:
Click Insert > Chart as well as select the desired chart to start building a basic chart from scratch in PowerPoint.
Click Chart under the Exhibits group under the Insert tab.
Press the arrows to go through the different chart types in the Insert Chart dialogue box.
Choose OK after selecting what kind of chart you like.
Another method to do the same will be
To copy a chart from Excel into another Office program, select the chart and hit Ctrl+C.
Launch PowerPoint and then hit Ctrl+V to paste the chart there.
Decide how you would like to paste the chart by clicking Paste Options beside it.
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The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) does not
O have seven commissioners
O appoint its commissioners for seven-year terms
O ensure that products have adequate warnings and instructions
O represent an independent regulatory commission
Answers
No independent regulatory body is represented by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).
What is the product?The object being sold is referred to as a product. A service or an object both qualify as products. It could take on a physical, virtual, or cyber form. Every product has a cost associated with it, and each one has a price. The market, the quality, the marketing, and the group that is being targeted all affect the price that can be charged.
A safe product is one that, while taking into account the regular or reasonably anticipated usage of the product and the requirement to maintain a high degree of protection for consumers, offers either no risk or a minimum tolerable level of risk.
The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) protects the public from unreasonable risks of serious injury or death from thousands of types of consumer products under its jurisdiction, including products that pose a fire, electrical, chemical, or mechanical hazard or can injure .
Therefore, Thus option (D) is correct.
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Please answer the question in the photo.
Answers
The type of companies that sell goods and services can be classified in different ways, such as:
Retail businesses: Sell products and services directly to consumers, such as clothing stores.Wholesale companies: They sell products to other companies, such as distributors of food products.Manufacturing companies: Produce goods for sale, like car manufacturers.Service companies: Provide services to businesses or consumers, such as banks.Professional businesses: Provide specialized services to clients, such as accounting firms.Nonprofit companies: Focused on social or environmental causes, such as charities.What are the pros and cons of retail?
As an example, department stores have the advantages of the diversity of products offered to customers, but they have high indirect costs and online competition. Specialty stores have a positive point in creating brand equity and a limited customer base as a disadvantage.
Therefore, to open a successful business, you must research more about business types and structures, conduct market research and develop a business plan with focused strategies aligned with the objective.
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The shipment Frederick ordered for the paint department at his hardware store arrived. As he checked the shipment, he referred to his expanded income statement below. The Goods Available for Sale total is __________. a.) $43,000 b.) $11,000 c.) $97,000 d.) $69,000
Answers
Answer:
C.) 97,000
Explanation:
The cost of goods available for sale equals the beginning value of inventory plus the cost of goods purchased. The cost of goods sold equals the cost of goods available for sale giving you the ending value inventory.
Question 9 of 10
One way to maintain good credit is to:
A. keep a high debt-to-credit ratio.
B. make numerous applications for credit.
C. lower your balances.
D. open many credit accounts.
SUBMIT
Answers
To maintain good credit, it is important to lower your balances. By keeping your credit card balances low compared to your credit limits, you demonstrate responsible credit management and show lenders that you can manage your debts effectively.
Option C. lower your balances. is correct answer.
To maintain good credit, it is important to adopt responsible financial habits. One way to achieve this is by lowering your balances. Keeping low credit card balances compared to your credit limits demonstrates financial discipline and responsible credit management. This indicates that you are not overly reliant on credit and are able to manage your debts effectively.Lowering your balances helps to keep your credit utilization ratio low, which is the percentage of your available credit that you are currently using. A low credit utilization ratio is seen as favorable by lenders and credit bureaus as it indicates a lower risk of defaulting on payments. Aim to keep your balances below 30% of your credit limits, and the lower, the better.On the other hand, options A, B, and D are not advisable for maintaining good credit. Keeping a high debt-to-credit ratio (option A) can indicate a heavy reliance on credit and a higher risk for lenders. Making numerous credit applications (option B) can negatively impact your credit score due to the potential for multiple hard inquiries. Opening many credit accounts (option D) can also have a negative impact, as it can lead to potential overspending and difficulty managing multiple accounts.In conclusion, one effective way to maintain good credit is by lowering your balances, keeping your credit utilization ratio low, and demonstrating responsible credit management.For more questions on credit limits
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Ming is visiting her company's headquarters in Germany, which has a highly assertive culture. She is likely to observe her coworkers
Answers
Answer:
D: using competitive language when evaluating ideas
Explanation:
Choices seem to be ...
A: using subtle, indirect language in meetings.
B: allowing silence to linger in meetings.
C: expressing respect for others but letting issues go unresolved.
D: using competitive language when evaluating ideas.
E: expressing themselves in controlled, measured ways.
__
"Assertive" meaning "showing a confident or forceful personality", we don't expect subtle, or controlled language; nor do we expect lingering silence or unresolved issues. We expect choice D to be most likely.
Discuss the various system for internal administration for financial organisation.
Answers
The various system for the internal administration of financial organizations includes accounting systems, budgeting systems, internal controls, performance management systems, risk management systems, and compliance management systems.
Internal administration systems for financial organizations are systems that oversee the internal functioning of the financial organizations and their staff. They enable businesses to establish and follow specific procedures that ensure their operations are stable, transparent, and responsible.
Here are some of the various systems for internal administration for financial organizations:
1. Accounting systems: Accounting systems are essential to ensure the accuracy of financial transactions and the reliability of financial statements. The accounting system should provide information about the current financial status of the organization and account for all income and expenses.
2. Budgeting systems: Financial organizations use budgeting systems to allocate resources and plan expenditures. This system can be used to control the financial performance of a department, project, or organization.
3. Internal controls: Internal controls are the procedures, policies, and activities that help an organization to maintain the integrity of its operations and prevent fraud. The effectiveness of these controls depends on how well they are implemented.
4. Performance management systems: Performance management systems are used to ensure that the goals of an organization are achieved. This system can be used to monitor and evaluate employee performance, provide feedback, and manage employee development.
5. Risk management systems: Risk management systems help financial organizations to identify and manage risks. They can be used to assess the risk associated with various activities and develop strategies to mitigate those risks.
6. Compliance management systems: Compliance management systems help financial organizations ensure that they are following all relevant regulations and laws. They can be used to monitor compliance with internal policies and procedures as well as external regulations.
In conclusion, internal administration systems for financial organizations are essential for ensuring the stability and transparency of financial operations. These systems include accounting systems, budgeting systems, internal controls, performance management systems, risk management systems, and compliance management systems.
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If a lender is to repossess or bring about the sale of a property if the borrower defaults on the mortgage loan, the lender is said to have a ___ in the real estate.
Answers
Answer:
Secured interest.
Explanation:
If a lender is to repossess or bring about the sale of a property if the borrower defaults on the mortgage loan, the lender is said to have a secured interest in the real estate.
A secured interest can be defined as a legal right granted by a borrower to a lender (creditor) over a collateral (the borrower's property) which permits or allow the lender to have a right to possess the property as soon as the lender defaults in making payment. The payment which is expected to be made by the borrower of a mortgage loan is considered a secured obligation because it is a lien or an enforceable legal claim.
NOVO FINANCE ECONOMICS AND ACCOUNT
243 Sub-task 3: Economic environment (Total: 30 marks: 180 minutes)
The Book Store is a business which sells a variety of books to suit any lifestyle, from
bestselling novels, educational material to children's books
The owner, Wendy Brocks, has realised that there is a demand for creative stationery
based on her customers' requests. She decided to expand her business by producing a
stationery-line including creative paper, envelopes, notepads, creative stamps, craft pens
and wrapping paper which she will sell in
store.
Wendy is considering using semi-finished products to produce the stationery and wants to
loan in order to gain the capital for the expansion of The Book Store. Wendy knows that
import the creative stamps and craft pens from China. Wendy plans to apply for a business
she has to conduct thorough research before starting this new venture.
The student is required to assist Wendy by conducting the research and preparing an
investigative report on the following points:
a) The four factors of production (inputs) needed for the manufacturing process of The
Book Store's new stationery-line. The student is required to investigate two inputs for
each factor of production.
b) Include a drawing of the production process of this new venture.
c) Research the infrastructure needed to manufacture the stationery-line.
d) Propose ideas on how to produce the creative stationery in an environmentally friendly
way to prevent deforestation.
e) Assuming the inflation-rate rises, give one implication that this increased inflation rate.
would have on the import cost of creative stamps and craft pens from China.
Find out the current interest rate as Wendy is considering applying for a loan. The date
the interest rate obtained must be given.
9) The investigation should be concluded by providing an opinion as to whether this
business idea is viable or not and provide three reasons to substantiate the answer.
Answers
The four factors of production (inputs) needed for the manufacturing process of The Book Store's new stationery include land, labor, capital and entrepreneur.
How to illustrate the information?Based on the information given, the production process of this new venture will be the input or resources that will be used for the production process.
The infrastructure needed to manufacture the stationery-line will be capital, and portfolio designs as well as printing machines.
The ideas on how to produce the creative stationery in an environmentally friendly.way to prevent deforestation is to use less paper and recycling.
An implication of this increased inflation rate is that it lead to the increase in production cost.
Lastly, the business is viable as there is a demand for creative stationery based on her customers' requests.
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Which of the following currencies is not/are not a hard currency?* Euro O CHF RMB O CDS GBP Both b and c Both c and d
Answers
NEED HELP ASAP
In the circular flow diagram with government, what does the government provide directly to firms?
A. expenditures
B. factors of production
C. taxes
D. goods and services
Answers
In the circular flow diagram, the government provides goods and services directly to firms. The correct option is D.
In the circular flow diagram, the government provides goods and services directly to firms. This is represented by the flow of resources from the government sector to the business sector.
The government plays a significant role in the economy by providing public goods and services that are necessary for the functioning of the society as a whole.
Public goods include infrastructure projects like roads, bridges, and public utilities, as well as services such as defense, law enforcement, and education.
These goods and services are not typically provided by private firms, so the government steps in to ensure their provision.
By supplying goods and services directly to firms, the government facilitates the production process and supports the overall functioning of the economy.
This enables businesses to operate efficiently and effectively, contributing to economic growth and development.
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In your internship with Lewis, Lee, & Taylor Inc. you have been asked to forecast the firm's additional funds needed (AFN) for next year. The firm is operating at full capacity. Data for use in your forecast are shown below. Based on the AFN equation, what is the AFN for the coming year?
Last year's sales = S0 $200,000 Last year's accounts payable $50,000
Sales growth rate = g 40% Last year's notes payable $15,000
Last year's total assets = A0* $120,000 Last year's accruals $120,000
Last year's profit margin = PM 20.0% Target payout ratio 25.0%
Answers
Based on the AFN equation, the Additional Funds Needed for the coming year are $-38,000.
What is the AFN equation?The AFN equation is equal to the projected increase in assets – spontaneous increase in liabilities – any increase in retained earnings.
A negative value shows that there are no external funds required for the project. Instead, the project will generate excess income for external investment.
On the other hand, a positive AFN indicates the additional funding required to execute the project.
Total liabilities = $185,000 ($50,000 + $15,000 + $120,000)
Increase in assets = $48,000 ($120,000 x 1.4 -$120,000)
Increase in liabilities = $74,000 ($185,000 x 1.4 - $185,000)
Last year's retained earnings = $30,000 ($40,000 - $10,000)
Projected retained earnings = $42,000 ($56,000 - $14,000)
Increase in retained earnings = $12,000 ($42,000 - $30,000)
Last year's sales = S0 $200,000
Sales for the projected year = $280,000 ($200,000 x 1.4)
Sales growth rate = g 40%
Last year's total assets = A0* $120,000
Total assets for the projected year = $168,000 ($120,000 x 1.4)
Increase in assets = $48,000 ($168,000 - $120,000)
Last year's accounts payable = $50,000
Last year's notes payable $15,000
Last year's accruals = $120,000
Total liabilities = $185,000
Total liabilities for the projected year = $259,000 ($185,000 x 1.4)
Increase in liabilities = $74,000 ($259,000 - $185,000)
Last year's profit margin = PM 20.0%
Profit for last year = $40,000 ($200,000 x 20%)
Profit for the projected year = $56,000 ($280,000 x 20%)
Target payout ratio 25.0%
Dividends = $10,000 ($40,000 x 25%)
Dividends for the projected year = $14,000 ($56,000 x 25%)
Retained earnings last year = $30,000 ($40,000 - $10,000)
Retained earnings for the projected year = $42,000 ($56,000 - $14,000)
Increase in retained earnings = $12,000 ($42,000 - $30,000)
AFN = $48,000 - $74,000 - $12,000
= -$38,000
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Part of implementing Quality Windows Limited new enterprise resource planning (ERP) software is ensuring all workstations and servers run secure applications. Since the ERP software is new, Quality Windows Limited needs a new policy to set security requirements for the software. This policy will guide administrators in developing procedures to ensure all client and server software is as secure as possible. The goal is to minimize exposure to threats to any part of the new ERP software or resources related to it.
Describe the goals that define a secure application. Specifically, you will write two policies to ensure Web browsers and Web servers are secure. All procedures and guidelines will be designed to fulfill the policies you create.
Answer the following questions for Web browser and Web server software:
a. What functions should this software application provide?
b. What functions should this software application prohibit?
c. What controls are necessary to ensure this applications software operates as intended?
d. What steps are necessary to validate that the software operates as intended?
Answers
Answer:
A)i) web browser software :
ii) web server software :
B) i) Web browser software: Auto-download updates and Tracking functionality
ii) web server software : unauthorized access and unsecure connection from web browse
C) i) Legal and regulatory controls
ii) Access controls
D) i) Validation process -
ii) Define Requirements-
iii) Develop:
iv)Testing: Test what has been developed
v) Review/Management :
Explanation:
A ) Functions that the software application should provide
i) web browser software : This functions requires the software to make requests from the relevant web pages and sending them to the web server software application and serve it up to customers
ii) web server software : This function means that the software should be able to store, process and deliver web pages to web browser applications’.
B) Functions that this software application should prohibit
i) Web browser software: Auto-download updates and Tracking functionality
ii) web server software : unauthorized access and unsecure connection from web browser
C) Controls that are necessary to ensure application software operates as intended
i) Legal and regulatory controls such as privacy laws, and copyright policies will help the software operate smoothly
ii) Access controls such as user authentication when a user is trying to login is very vital for the security of the user
D Steps necessary to validate that the software operates as intended
i) Validation process - The validation process is the first step which is intended to implement plans that identifies who has access to the software, what is been done on the software, and where the software is going to be accessed from.
ii) Define Requirements- defining the functions of the software and what the system can't do as well
iii) Develop: after Defining the requirements the next step is to develop the software in line with the defined requirements
iv)Testing: Test what has been developed
v) Review/Management : After successful testing of the product/software a review of the whole process before commercializing it is required as well
Suppose your firm just issued a 30-year, $1000 par value bond with semiannual coupons. The coupon interest rate is 9%. The bonds sold for par value, but flotation costs amounted to 4% of the price. You have a 21% corporate tax rate. What is your firm's cost of debt?
Answers
The firm's cost of debt is 7.11%, if we have a 21% corporate tax rate and the coupon interest rate is 9%.
What is debt?Debt refers to the amount of money borrowed by an individual, organization or government from a lender, with the agreement to repay the borrowed amount with interest over a specified period of time. Debt can take many forms, including loans, bonds, credit card balances, mortgages, and other financial obligations.
Debt is an important aspect of finance and is used by individuals, organizations and governments to fund various activities, such as investing in new projects, purchasing assets, or meeting expenses. Debt can be either secured or unsecured, meaning that it may or may not be backed by collateral. In the case of secured debt, the borrower provides an asset as collateral, such as a house or car, which the lender can seize in case of default.
To calculate the cost of debt, we need to find the after-tax cost of debt. The cost of debt that has been adjusted for the tax savings brought about by the tax-deductible nature of interest payments is known as the after-tax cost of debt.
We must first determine the semiannual coupon payment:
Coupon payment = (Coupon rate x Par value) / 2
Coupon payment = (0.09 x $1000) / 2
Coupon payment = $45
Next, we need to calculate the total flotation costs:
Flotation costs = 4% x $1000
Flotation costs = $40
The net proceeds from the bond issue can be calculated as follows:
Net proceeds = Par value - Flotation costs
Net proceeds = $1000 - $40
Net proceeds = $960
The cost of debt before taxes is the yield to maturity (YTM) of the bond. Excel or a financial calculator can be used to determine the YTM.
For simplicity, we will assume a YTM of 9%.
The cost of debt after taxes may be determined as follows:
Debt service cost after taxes = YTM x (1 - Tax rate)
Debt service cost after taxes = 0.09 x (1 - 0.21)
Debt service cost after taxes= 0.0711 or 7.11%
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Let MAC1 = 100 – 10E and MAC2 = 50 – 10E. Graph each function and compute the aggregate MAC curve. Let MD = 30E, compute the socially efficient equilibrium. For the equations given above, suppose the government sets the pollution level at four units. What are the net social costs of this policy?
Suppose a technological change occurs that reduces the marginal costs of abatement for polluter 1 in the above equation to that of polluter 2. How does this affect the socially efficient level of pollution? Solve numerically and graphically.
Answers
If the marginal costs of abatement for polluter 1 become equal to polluter 2, it does not impact the socially efficient level of pollution. The level is still determined by equating Marginal Damage with the Aggregate MAC.
To graph each function, we can plot MAC1 and MAC2 on a graph with the quantity of emissions (E) on the x-axis and the marginal abatement cost (MAC) on the y-axis.
For MAC1: MAC1 = 100 - 10E
For MAC2: MAC2 = 50 - 10E
To compute the aggregate MAC curve, we add the individual MAC curves together. So, Aggregate MAC = MAC1 + MAC2.
Aggregate MAC = (100 - 10E) + (50 - 10E) = 150 - 20E
Now, let's calculate the socially efficient equilibrium by setting the Marginal Damage (MD) equal to the Aggregate MAC.
MD = Aggregate MAC
30E = 150 - 20E
Simplifying the equation, we get:
50E = 150
E = 3
Therefore, the socially efficient equilibrium occurs when the quantity of emissions (E) is 3.
Now, let's calculate the net social costs of the policy when the government sets the pollution level at four units.
Net social costs = Aggregate MAC - MD
Net social costs = (150 - 20(4)) - (30(4))
Net social costs = 110 - 120
Net social costs = -10
The net social costs of this policy would be -10, indicating a net benefit to society.
If a technological change occurs that reduces the marginal costs of abatement for polluter 1 to that of polluter 2, it means that MAC1 will become equal to MAC2.
Setting MAC1 equal to MAC2:
100 - 10E = 50 - 10E
Simplifying the equation, we find that E can have any value, as both sides are equal.
Graphically, this change would mean that MAC1 and MAC2 become parallel lines on the graph, with the same slope and intercept. The socially efficient level of pollution would still be determined by equating MD with the aggregate MAC.
In conclusion, if the marginal costs of abatement for polluter 1 become equal to polluter 2, it does not affect the socially efficient level of pollution. The socially efficient level is still determined by equating the Marginal Damage with the Aggregate MAC, regardless of the marginal costs of individual polluters.
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