SDN is described as an architecture that separates the network control and forwarding functions.
A developing architecture called Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is dynamic, manageable, affordable, and adaptive, making it perfect for the high-bandwidth, dynamic nature of today's applications. This approach separates the network control and forwarding processes, allowing for direct network control programming and the abstraction of the underlying infrastructure for applications and network services.
SDN offers a variety of commercial advantages. The control and data transport layers being divided shortens the time it takes to launch new applications while increasing flexibility. Network availability is increased by having the ability to react more quickly to problems and outages. The ability to program makes it simpler for IT companies to automate network operations and cut costs.
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The steel shaft has a diameter of 40 mm and is fixed at its ends A and B . If it is subjected to the couple determine the maximum shear stress in regions AC and CB of the shaft. G st = 75 GPa.
Q6/
Answer:
See explanation.
Explanation:
Since no figure was given I solved a problem that was similar to the one you described that I worked in my mechanics of materials class. The method should be very similar for your figure. See attached image for my work.
If it is subjected to the couple determine the maximum shear stress in regions AC and CB of the shaft. G st = 75 GPa. Than the answer will be 52Mpa.
What we need to perform?We need to perform a two step process to obtain the maximum shear stress on the shaft. For the solid shaft,
P=2×pi×N×T/60 or T=60×p/2×pi×N
Where P=power transmitted by the shaft=50×10³W
N=rotation speed of the shaft in rpm=730rpm
Pi=3.142
T is the twisting moment
By substituting the values for pi, N and P, we get
T=654Nm or 654×10³Nmm
Also, T=pi×rho×d³/16 or rho=16×T/pi×d³
Where rho=maximum shear stress
T = twisting moment=654×10³Nmm
d= diameter of shaft= 40mm
By substituting T, pi and d
Rho=52Mpa
b. For a hollow shaft, the value for rho is unknown
T=pi×rho(do⁴-di⁴/do)/16
Rho=T×16×do/pi×(do⁴-di⁴)
Where
T= twisting moment=654×10³Nmm gotten above
do=outside shaft diawter=40mm
di= inside shaft diameter =30mm
Pi=3.142
Substituting values for pi, do, di and T.
Rho=76Mpa
Therefore, If it is subjected to the couple determine the maximum shear stress in regions AC and CB of the shaft. G st = 75 GPa. Than the answer will be 52Mpa.
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What happens to the magnitude of the electric field due to a point source charge as the distance from the source charge increases
The magnitude of the electric field due to a point source charge decreases as the distance from the source charge increases.
As the distance from a point source charge increases, the magnitude of the electric field it produces decreases. This is a result of the inverse-square law, which states that the intensity of the electric field diminishes as the square of the distance from the source. As the distance increases, the electric field spreads out over a larger area, resulting in a decrease in its strength. This behavior is consistent with the concept that electric field lines emanate radially outward from a point charge and become less concentrated as they move farther away.
In summary, the magnitude of the electric field due to a point source charge diminishes as the distance from the charge increases, following the inverse-square law.
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A battery consists of
solution.
and an electrolyte, wh
Select one:
O a. Two dissimilar metals
b. An insulator material separating the metals
c. Both A and B
O d. Neither A nor B
Clear my choice
Answer:
c
Explanation:
positive charge and negative charge but cant touch
Assignment 1: Structural Design of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Beams for Bending
Perform structural design of a rectangular reinforced concrete beam for bending. The beam is simply supported and has a span L=20 feet. In addition to its own weight the beam should support a superimposed dead load of 0.50 k/ft and a live load of 0.65 k/ft. Use a beam width of 12 inches. The depth of the beam should satisfy the ACI stipulations for minimum depth and be proportioned for economy. Concrete compressive strength f’c = 4,000 psi and yield stress of reinforcing bars fy = 60,000 psi. Size of stirrups should be chosen based on the size of the reinforcing bars. The beam is neither exposed to weather nor in contact with the ground, meaning it is subjected to interior exposure.
• Use the reference on "Practical Considerations for Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Beams"
• Include references to ACI code – see slides from second class
• Include references to Tables from Appendix A
• Draw a sketch of the reinforced concrete beam showing all dimensions, number and size of rebars, including stirrups.
Answer:
Beam of 25" depth and 12" width is sufficient.
I've attached a detailed section of the beam.
Explanation:
We are given;
Beam Span; L = 20 ft
Dead load; DL = 0.50 k/ft
Live load; LL = 0.65 k/ft.
Beam width; b = 12 inches
From ACI code, ultimate load is given as;
W_u = 1.2DL + 1.6LL
Thus;
W_u = 1.2(0.5) + 1.6(0.65)
W_u = 1.64 k/ft
Now, ultimate moment is given by the formula;
M_u = (W_u × L²)/8
M_u = (1.64 × 20²)/8
M_u = 82 k-ft
Since span is 20 ft, it's a bit larger than the average span beams, thus, let's try a depth of d = 25 inches.
Effective depth of a beam is given by the formula;
d_eff = d - clear cover - stirrup diameter - ½Main bar diameter
Now, let's adopt the following;
Clear cover = 1.5"
Stirrup diameter = 0.5"
Main bar diameter = 1"
Thus;
d_eff = 25" - 1.5" - 0.5" - ½(1")
d_eff = 22.5"
Now, let's find steel ratio(ρ) ;
ρ = Total A_s/(b × d_eff)
Now, A_s = ½ × area of main diameter bar
Thus, A_s = ½ × π × 1² = 0.785 in²
Let's use Nominal number of 3 bars as our main diameter bars.
Thus, total A_s = 3 × 0.785
Total A_s = 2.355 in²
Hence;
ρ = 2.355/(22.5 × 12)
ρ = 0.008722
Design moment Capacity is given;
M_n = Φ * ρ * Fy * b * d²[1 – (0.59ρfy/fc’)]/12
Φ is 0.9
f’c = 4,000 psi = 4 kpsi
fy = 60,000 psi = 60 kpsi
M_n = 0.9 × 0.008722 × 60 × 12 × 22.5²[1 - (0.59 × 0.008722 × 60/4)]/12
M_n = 220.03 k-ft
Thus: M_n > M_u
Thus, the beam of 25" depth and 12" width is sufficient.
Which items are NOT found on a
door?*
5 points
Cladding
Moulding
Weatherstrip
Check Strap
Striker
All of the above
None of the above
Answer:
None of the above cause thats what i put
Hammer welding preceded resistance welding
True
False
Answer:false
Explanation:
Bc
The following criteria is NOT being considered for crashing an activity or the entire project.
a) The amount by which an activity is crashed is, in fact, permissible.
b) Taken together, the shortened activity durations will enable us to
finish the project by the due date.
c) Urgent activities take priority considerations for crashing.
d) The total cost of crashing is as small as possible.
c) Urgent activities take priority considerations for crashing is NOT being considered for crashing an activity or the entire project.
Crashing refers to the procedure of shortening the length of the project schedule and, as a result, minimizing the total project duration. The activity duration can be shortened by increasing the resources available to it. The following criteria are taken into account when crashing an activity or the entire project:
To guarantee that the project is completed on time.
To reduce the total cost of the project.
To maintain quality.
To enhance the dependability of the project.
To maximize resource usage.
The amount by which an activity is crashed is, in fact, permissible. Taken together, the shortened activity durations will enable us to finish the project by the due date. The total cost of crashing is as small as possible is considered for crashing an activity or the entire project.
The criteria which is NOT being considered for crashing an activity or the entire project is Urgent activities take priority considerations for crashing.
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An iron-constantan thermocouple is to be used to measure temperatures between 0and 400 degree C. What will be the non-linearity error as a percentage of the full-scale reading at 100 degree C If a linear relationship is assumed between e.m.f and temperature? E.M.F at 100 degree C= 5.268 m V; e.m.f at 400 degree C= 21.846 m V
The non-linearity error as a percentage of the full-scale reading at 100 degree C is - 0.89%.
What is non-linearity error?Non-linearity error is defined as the biggest deviation from a straight line linking the output signal to the applied force, known as the "best straight," that the calibration curve makes. In order to eliminate second order nonlinearity, the sensor signal conditioning system feeds a portion of the output signal back to the sensor.
If EMF and Celsius temperature have a proportional relationship, then the recorded value of EMF at 100 °C will be understood to be a temperature of.
T/5.268 = 400/21.846
T = 5.268(400/21.846) ≈ 96.457 °C
As a percentage of the full scale, the mistake is
(96.457 -100)/400 × 100% ≈ -0.886%
Thus, the non-linearity error as a percentage of the full-scale reading at 100 degree C is - 0.89%.
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19 Composite materials are
(a) made mainly to improve temperature resistance
() used for improved optical properties
(c) made with strong fibres embedded in weaker and softer matrix to obtain strength better
than strength of matrix
(d) made with strong fibres embedded in weaker and softer matrix to obtain strength better
than strength of both matrix and filler
Answer:
Option D
Explanation:
A composite material is made up of two material which have different properties (chemically or physically). The two materials are mixed in such a way that it improves the properties of both the materials (the one in the matrix and the other in the filler) thereby enhancing the overall strength and stiffness of the matrix.
Hence, option D is correct
A correct option is an option (c)
Composite materials:The main advantage of the composite is there higher strength as compared to the matrix.
The strength is very low as compared to the resultant composite and the fiber.
The resultant strength can be calculated in two direction
The longitudinal way is,
\(E=V_mE_m+V_fE_f...(1)\)
The transversal way is,
\(\frac{1}{E}=\frac{V_m}{E_m}+\frac{V_f}{E_f} ...(2)\)
From equations (1) and (2) we get,
\(E_m < E < E_f\)
So, mode with strong fibers embedded in a weaker and softer matrix to obtain strength better than the strength of the matrix.
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regarding driving, is car maintenance classified as changing circumstances?
Yes, car maintenance can be classified as a changing circumstance when it comes to driving.
Proper car maintenance is essential for safe driving, as it can help reduce the risk of mechanical issues and breakdowns that may occur while driving. It is important to stay on top of regular maintenance, such as oil and filter changes, tire rotation, and brake checks, in order to ensure your car is functioning at its best.
Additionally, it is important to keep in mind that certain driving conditions, such as extreme weather, may require additional maintenance.
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3Px=y−y2p2
first order higher dgree
Answer:
the order higher is 3p79g5t88=yv5379
We create, maintain, and live by often __________ that we hope will keep the family (and each of its members) functional.
We create, maintain, and live by often unspoken rules and routines that we hope will keep the family (and each of its members) functional.
What are unspoken rules in families?
There are unspoken guidelines that family members follow in order to maintain order in families dealing with substance use disorders. These guidelines are: Don't trust, don't feel, and don't talk. To keep things as they are, those who are a part of the system abide by these norms.
Why is it important to have family rules?
Children learn what acts are acceptable and unacceptable from their family's rules. As kids get older, they will encounter situations where they must abide by rules. Children who learn to follow rules at home will likely learn to do so elsewhere.
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There are withdrawn 100 ft3
of air measured at 30 psia and 90°F from a 50 ft3
tank containing air
initially at 100 psia and 140°F. What is the pressure of the air remaining in the tank if its
temperature is 130 °F?
Answer:
2+2g
what time is good afternoon my
During which step of a free-radical chain-growth polymerization does the polymer actually grow or chain extend?.
During propagation step of a free-radical chain-growth polymerization does the polymer actually grow or chain extend.
What is radical chain-growth polymerization?
The process of free-radical chain growth in polymers. Common free-radical reactions include polymerizations using free-radical mechanisms. The formation of radicals is the initiation, the development of the products is the propagation, and the ending of the free-radical chain reactions is the termination.What distinguishes step growth polymerization from chain growth polymerization?
The polymer chain in chain growth always expands one monomer at a time. The polymer chain doubles with each step of step development. The polymer chain's rate of expansion is drastically different in these two situations as a result. Every coupling step causes chain growth, which causes the chain length to gradually expand.Learn more about radical chain-growth polymerization
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if you want to make permanent connections in your iot design, you'll need a ______________ iron.
To make permanent connections in an IoT design, you will need a soldering iron.
A soldering iron is an essential tool for creating permanent connections in an IoT (Internet of Things) design. It is used to join components together by melting a filler metal, called solder, which then solidifies to form a strong bond between the parts. The soldering iron provides the necessary heat to melt the solder and enables the designer to make precise and reliable connections.
Permanent connections are crucial in IoT devices as they ensure stable and uninterrupted communication between various components, such as sensors, actuators, microcontrollers, and other electronic elements. By using a soldering iron, designers can create durable and secure connections that withstand the rigors of operation in IoT applications.
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A multipurpose transformer has a secondary coil with several points at which a voltage can be extracted, giving outputs of 5.60, 12.0, and 480 V. (a) The input voltage is 220 V to a primary coil of 230 turns. What are the numbers of turns in the parts of the secondary used to produce the output voltages
Answer:
Explanation:
A multipurpose transformer can act as step up as well as step down transformer according to the desired setting by a user.
When the voltage at the output is greater than the voltage at the input of the transformer then it acts as step-up transformer and vice-versa acting is a step down transformer.
Given that:
input (primary) voltage of the transformer, \(V_i=220~V\)
no. of turns in the primary coil, \(N_i=230\)
When the output voltage is 5.60 V:\(V_o=5.60~V\)
\(\frac{N_i}{N_o} =\frac{V_i}{V_o}\)
\(\frac{N_o}{230}=\frac{5.60}{220}\)
\(N_o=5.85\approx 6\) turns compensating the losses
When the output voltage is 12.0 V:\(V_o=12.0~V\)
\(\frac{N_i}{N_o} =\frac{V_i}{V_o}\)
\(\frac{N_o}{230}=\frac{12.0}{220}\)
\(N_o=12.45\approx 13\) turns compensating the losses
When the output voltage is 480 V:\(V_o=480~V\)
\(\frac{N_i}{N_o} =\frac{V_i}{V_o}\)
\(\frac{N_o}{230}=\frac{480}{220}\)
\(N_o=501.8\approx 502\) turns compensating the losses
what is difference between computer science engineering management and computer science engineering systems?
Answer:
A CS degree focuses on sequential programming and software design while a computer systems engineering degree divides the focus evenly between high-level and low-level programming.
Both are correlated to technology which makes it hard for the students to choose the best suitable course.
Explanation:
SOURCE: www.computersciencedegree.hub
2. (20 points, 10 each) A quadratic spline is operationally simpler than the cubic spline. Interpolation is carried out by piecewise quadratics. (a) What are the suitable joint conditions for a quadratic spline? (b) Show how the coefficients of the spline are obtained. What are the suitable end condi- tions?
The f(4) using is found using newton's interpolating polynomials of order 4.
What will be the programming of end conditions?function y=CL10_Exercise(part)
%% Input
% part: string for part a,b,c,d
%
%% Output
% y value of the underlying function at x=4
%
%% Write your code here
X=[1,2,3,5,6];
Y=[15,8,5.5,30,52];
x=4;
y=1;
switch part
case 'a'
%% Newton interpolation (Order 4)
a=X;
b=Y;
%x=input('Enter x: ');
[m,n]=size(a);
fx=0;
for i=1:n
%_____________Calculating Dividing Difference_____________________
s=0;
for j=1:i
p=1;
for k=1:i %Denominator part product
if(k~=j)
p=p*(a(j)-a(k));
end
end
s=s+b(j)/p; %summation f(x)/product
end
%_________________________________________________________________
p=1;
for j=1:i-1 %coefficient part of f[...]
p=p.*(x-a(j));
end
fx=fx+s.*p; %Polynomial!
end
y=fx;
case 'b'
%% not-a-knot spline
case 'c'
%% clamped spline
case 'd'
%% Hermite spline
end
end
Hence, the f(4) using is found using newton's interpolating polynomials of order 4.
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Hey guys can anyone list chemical engineering advancement that has been discovered within the past 20 years
Designing an energy attenuation system that controls the 1200 kg car traveling at 100 km/hr at impact. Compare to design an energy attenuation system that controls the energy of a car at a fast speed.
Energy attenuation system is designed to control the kinetic energy of an object during an impact or collision to reduce the damage caused by the impact. When designing an energy attenuation system for a 1200 kg car traveling at 100 km/hr at impact, there are various factors that need to be considered.
The first factor is the speed of the car, which is 100 km/hr. The energy of the car can be calculated using the formula E = 0.5mv^2, where E is the kinetic energy, m is the mass of the car, and v is the velocity of the car. Therefore, the kinetic energy of the car can be calculated as follows: E = 0.5 x 1200 kg x (100 km/hr)^2= 3,333,333.33 JoulesTo control the energy of the car at impact, the energy attenuation system needs to absorb this energy gradually.
The faster the car is traveling, the higher the kinetic energy, and therefore, the more difficult it is to design a system that can control the energy of the car at impact. A car traveling at a fast speed requires a more advanced energy attenuation system, which can absorb the energy of the car gradually and reduce the force of the impact to safe levels.
In conclusion, designing an energy attenuation system for a car traveling at a fast speed requires a more advanced system than one for a car traveling at a slower speed. The system needs to be designed in such a way that it can absorb the energy of the car gradually, and the force of the impact is reduced to safe levels. The design of the system should ensure that the passengers are safe and are not exposed to any serious injuries.
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A vehicle is being tested for a draw against the battery with the ignition switch in the OFF position. The specifications state the draw should be between 10 and 30 milliamps. The DVOM reads 0.251 amps. Technician A says this draw is within the specification range. Technician B says the draw is too high. Who is correct?
A. A only
B. B only
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
B only. The specifications state that the draw should be between 10 and 30 milliamps, which is equal to 0.01-0.03 amps. The DVOM reading of 0.251 amps is significantly higher than the specified range, indicating that there is a problem with the vehicle's electrical system. Technician A is incorrect in stating that the draw is within the specification range. Technician B is correct in saying that the draw is too high.
Your question is: A vehicle is being tested for a draw against the battery with the ignition switch in the OFF position. The specifications state the draw should be between 10 and 30 milliamps. The DVOM reads 0.251 amps. Who is correct between Technician A and Technician B?
Technician A says the draw is within the specification range, while Technician B says the draw is too high. In this case, Technician B is correct. The draw should be between 10 and 30 milliamps, but the DVOM reads 0.251 amps, which is equivalent to 251 milliamps. This value is higher than the specified range. Therefore, the correct answer is B. B only.
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Which Australian standard endorses drawing symbols and shape codes for RC drawings?
Answer:
1100
Drafting Standard AS 1100
AS1100 is the drawing standard that is used within Australia. It defines every aspect of the drawing. AS1100 provides a standard that (if followed by all companies), allows for a clarity, understanding and uniformity across all drawings generated nation wide.
The Australian standard that endorses drawing symbols and shape codes for RC drawing is; AS1100
Understanding the Use of CodesDifferent countries have their different codes and drawing standards that serve as a basis for drawings. For most of Europe, it is Euro Code while for US it is ACI Code and for UK, it is BS Code.
Other codes of countries could be BS 5950 which is steel code for the UK and BS 8110 which is concrete code for the UK. Whereas, for Australia it is called AS1100 Code for drawing symbols and shape codes.
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the airline clearing house, wholly owned by 35 certificated air carriers, is employed by the airlines to publish and distribute fares and cargo rates to the travel industry.
The Airline Tariff Publishing Company (ATPCO) is an airline clearing house that is used by airlines to publish and distribute fares and cargo rates to the travel industry.
What is airline?
The structure and size of airlines differ. Others lease the aircraft for a set amount of time while hiring workers from other businesses, while some purchase the aircraft to provide special services. Typically, it is scheduled from one location to another. Worldwide, airlines play a significant role in the travel business. In order to make the route flexible and accessible, they frequently use jets and helicopters. People frequently mistakenly believe that the airline industry and aviation are interchangeable, which is not the case. It's important to note that the aviation industry includes all businesses related to aviation, including aircraft manufacturers, providers of non-commercial flights, regulatory bodies, aerospace firms, and others. The airline industry, on the other hand, refers to businesses that offer air transport services to paying customers or even for cargo services.
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Complete the Pyramid for Enterprise Design – Identify and explain each level – hardware needed, software needed, Application needed, data collected, dashboards or KPIs, what kind of business decision would be made using the data for autonomous driving technology.
The Pyramid for Enterprise Design in autonomous driving involves hardware, software, data collection, and dashboards for making informed business decisions.
Pyramid for Enterprise Design:
1. Hardware Needed: Autonomous driving technology requires various hardware components such as sensors, cameras, radars, GPS systems, processors, and actuators. These components enable the collection of real-time data and facilitate the functioning of the autonomous vehicle.
2. Software Needed: The software layer consists of the operating system and the algorithms required for autonomous driving. This includes perception systems for object detection and recognition, decision-making algorithms, and control systems for navigation, acceleration, and braking.
3. Application Needed: The application layer involves the development of specialized software applications specifically designed for autonomous driving. These applications integrate the hardware and software components, enabling the vehicle to perform tasks like lane keeping, adaptive cruise control, and automated parking.
4. Data Collected: Autonomous vehicles generate vast amounts of data through their sensors and onboard systems. This data includes information about the vehicle's surroundings, such as road conditions, traffic patterns, and the behavior of other vehicles. It also includes internal vehicle data like speed, acceleration, and fuel consumption.
5. Dashboards or KPIs: Dashboards or Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) provide visual representations of the collected data. These dashboards enable users to monitor the performance of autonomous driving technology, track key metrics, and identify areas for improvement. Examples of KPIs in this context could be the number of successful autonomous trips, average reaction time, and fuel efficiency.
The data collected and analyzed from autonomous driving technology can be used to make various business decisions. For example, analyzing traffic patterns and congestion data can help businesses optimize delivery routes and reduce transportation costs. Additionally, data on driving behavior and vehicle performance can be utilized to improve safety measures, enhance maintenance protocols, and optimize fleet management. By leveraging the insights gained from the data, businesses can make informed decisions to improve the efficiency, reliability, and safety of autonomous driving technology.
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Walter is editing the camera in his workspace. If he wants to adjust how much of the
scene can be seen at once, what property can he edit?
(1 point)
viewport
O spatial audio
O LODS
O field of view
Since Walter is editing the camera in his workspace, if he wants to adjust how much of the scene can be seen all at once, the property which he can edit is: D. field of view.
Who is a camera operator?A camera operator can be defined as an individual who is professionally trained to tweak, operate and use a digital camera, especially for the purpose of taking pictures or images (photographs) of an event, place, person, etc.
What is a camera lens?A camera lens can be defined as a transparent optical instrument that is used in conjunction with a digital camera, so as to refract the rays of light coming into the lens.
What is a field of view?A field of view can be defined as a range of the observable physical world that is visible to a camera operator at any period of time, especially through the human eye, on a display monitor (screen), or a digital camera viewfinder.
In this context, we can reasonably infer and logically deduce that the property which Walter can edit is the field of view of his digital camera.
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13. What is the current draw of a circuit with a resistance of 6
When 120 V is applied to the circuit?
2..Three formations, each 25 m thick, overlie one another. If a constant-velocity vertical flow field is set up across the set of formations with h = 120 m at the top and h = 100 m at the bottom, calculate h at the two internal boundaries. The hydraulic conductivity of the top formation is 0.0001 m/s, the middle formation 0.0005 m/s, and the bottom formation 0.0010 m/s.
The values of h at the two internal boundaries are :
h₁ = 104.625 m h₂ = 101.55 mGiven data :
Z₁ = Z₂ = Z₃ = 25 m
h top = 120 m
h bottom = 100 m
K₁ = 0.0001 m/s
K₂ = 0.0005 m/s
K₃ = 0.0010 m/s
First step : Calculate the value of Keqwe will apply the formula below since flow is perpendicular to the bedding plane
Keq = \(\frac{Z1 + Z2 + Z3 }{\frac{Z1}{K1}+\frac{Z2}{K2} + \frac{Z3}{K3} }\) ----- ( 1 )
Insert values given above into equation 1
Therefore ; Keq = 2.307 * 10⁻⁴ m/s
Next step : determine the hydraulic gradientHydraulic gradient ( Ieq ) = head loss / length
= ( 120 - 100 ) / 3 * 25
Ieq = 0.266
Given that the flow is perpendicular to bedding plane
q1 = q2 = q3
V₁ = V₂ = V₃ = V
K₁i₁ = K₂i₂ = K₃i₃ = Keq * ieq
Hence :
V = Keq* Ieq
= 2.307 * 10⁻⁴ * 0.266
= 6.15 * 10⁻⁵ m/s .
Also;
K₁i₁ = Keq * ieq = K₂i₂ = K₃i₃
therefore :
i₁ = 0.615
i₂ = 0.123
i₃ = 0.0615
Final step : determine the value of h at the two internal boundariesPressure at point 1 ( i.e. pressure between first two formations )
h₁ = h top - i₁L₁
= 120 - 0.615 * 25
= 104.625 m
Pressure at point 2 ( i.e. pressure between the 2nd and 3rd formation )
h₂ = h₁ - i₂L₂
= 104.625 - 0.123 * 25
= 101.55 m
Therefore we can conclude that The values of h at the two internal boundaries are : h₁ = 104.625 m , h₂ = 101.55 m
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A cylindrical specimen of steel has an original diameter of 12.8 mm. It is tested in tension its engineering fracture strength is found to be 460 MPa. If the cross-sectional diameter at fracture is 10.7 mm, determine (max. pts. 8): a. The ductility in terms of percent reduction in area b. The true stress at fracture
Answer:
a) The ductility = -30.12%
the negative sign means reduction
Therefore, there is 30.12% reduction
b) the true stress at fracture is 658.26 Mpa
Explanation:
Given that;
Original diameter \(d_{o}\) = 12.8 mm
Final diameter \(d_{f}\) = 10.7
Engineering stress \(\alpha _{E}\) = 460 Mpa
a) determine The ductility in terms of percent reduction in area;
Ai = π/4(\(d_{o}\) )² ; Ag = π/4(\(d_{f}\) )²
% = π/4 [ ( (\(d_{f}\) )² - (\(d_{o}\) )²) / ( π/4 (\(d_{o}\) )²) ]
= ( (\(d_{f}\) )² - (\(d_{o}\) )²) / (\(d_{o}\) )² × 100
we substitute
= [( (10.7)² - (12.8)²) / (12.8)² ] × 100
= [(114.49 - 163.84) / 163.84 ] × 100
= - 0.3012 × 100
= -30.12%
the negative sign means reduction
Therefore, there is 30.12% reduction
b) The true stress at fracture;
True stress \(\alpha _{T}\) = \(\alpha _{E}\) ( 1 + \(E_{E}\) )
\(E_{E}\) is engineering strain
\(E_{E}\) = dL / Lo
= (do² - df²) / df² = (12.8² - 10.7²) / 10.7² = (163.84 - 114.49) / 114.49
= 49.35 / 114.49
\(E_{E}\) = 0.431
so we substitute the value of \(E_{E}\) into our initial equation;
True stress \(\alpha _{T}\) = 460 ( 1 + 0.431)
True stress \(\alpha _{T}\) = 460 (1.431)
True stress \(\alpha _{T}\) = 658.26 Mpa
Therefore, the true stress at fracture is 658.26 Mpa
Select the correct answer.
Which country first initiated the slow city movement?
A. New Zealand
B. Italy
C. United States
D. China
Answer:
B. Italy
Explanation:
Hope this helps :)
A spark-ignition engine operates on an Otto cycle with a compression ratio of 9 and temperature limits of 30°C and 1000oC. The power output is 500 kW. Calculate the
a)thermal efficiency
b) mass flux of air
The thermal energy when the spark-ignition engine operates on an Otto cycle with a compression ratio of 9 and temperature limits of 30°C and 1000oC is 58%.
How to illustrate the information?From the information given, we are told that spark-ignition engine operates on an Otto cycle with a compression ratio of 9 and temperature limits of 30°C and 1000oC.
The thermal energy will be:
= 1 - 1/(1.4 - 1)
= 0.58
= 58%
Also, the mass flux of air will be illustrated below:
T2 = 729.70k
W = 224.60kj
Therefore, the mass flux will be:
= 500/224.60
= 2.226kg/s
In conclusion, the the mass flux will be 2.226kg/s.
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