piovesan, d., necci, m., escobedo, n., monzon, a.m., hatos, a., mičetić, i., quaglia, f., paladin, l., ramasamy, p., dosztányi, z., et al. (2020). mobidb: intrinsically disordered proteins in 2021. nucleic acids research 49, d361-d367.

The ureters are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys into the urinary bladder. They are made of smooth muscle fibers. Uretic peristalsis is the name of this procedure. The smooth muscular contraction in the ureter tubes during ureter peristalsis results in the continual movement of urine toward the bladder.

The ureter is 25–30 cm long and 3–4 mm in diameter in adults. One of the vital organs of the urinary tract that regulates the movement of urine is the ureter.The two ducts or structures that link the kidneys and bladder are referred to as the ureters. These smooth muscle structures' primary job is to move or convey urine from the kidney, where it is produced and filtered through blood, to the bladder, where it is stored before passing through the urethra for elimination. The ureters also start in the renal pelvis, a region of the kidneys, before moving downward to the bladder. The ureter, then, is the organ responsible for transferring urine from the kidney to the bladder.

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Answer: A

Explanation: it is contained within each cell

Answer:Gravitropism (also known as geotropism) is a coordinated process of differential growth by a plant in response to gravity pulling on it.

Explanation:May i have brainlist plz! Only if u wanna give me brainlist though! Hope this helped u have an great day!

Answer:

Geotropisms

Explanation:

geotropism (also called gravitropism) is a response of plants to gravity 

What's the function of RER ?

2. RER help in transport of protein which are synthesised by ribosomes on their surface.

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–TheExtraterrestrial

Answer:

the function of RER are:

Question:

Solution:

First, remember that a food web describes which organisms eat and are eaten by other organisms in a given region. It can be thought of as showing every organism that occupies each trophic level.

Now, Kudzu is a fast-growing invasive plant that can hinder the growth of native grasses to fully mature trees. This is because the Kudzu protects them from the sunlight they need to carry out photosynthesis. This loss of native plants affects an entire ecosystem, like other plants and also insects and animals that adapted along with them (food chain), creating cascading effects throughout the ecosystem. In fact, Kudzu disrupts the food chain by threatening the vegetation that native animals use for food and shelter. Additionally, kudzu root systems affect the amount of water in the soil and native plants die as a result. Then, the environmental and ecological damage of Kudzu results from its competition with other plant species. In particular, kudzu competes with native flora for light and acts to block their access to this vital resource by growing over them and shading them with its leaves.

Cells use the energy available in food to make a final energy-rich compound called: ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Cells require energy to carry out various metabolic processes and perform work. During cellular respiration, the breakdown of food molecules, such as glucose, occurs to release energy. This energy is initially stored in the form of chemical bonds within molecules like glucose.

However, glucose itself is not the final energy-rich compound that cells use. Instead, cells convert the energy released from glucose and other fuel molecules into a molecule called ATP. ATP is often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell because it carries and provides energy for cellular activities.

ATP is composed of adenine (a nitrogenous base), ribose (a sugar), and three phosphate groups. The energy released from the breakdown of food molecules is used to attach a third phosphate group to ADP (adenosine diphosphate), forming ATP. This process is called phosphorylation.

In summary, cells use the energy available in food to produce ATP, which serves as a portable and readily usable form of energy to power cellular processes.

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Answer:

the sentence that compares

The scientist most responsible for establishing the idea that all cells come from the reproduction of other cells is German scientist Rudolf Virchow in 19th century. His principle of "omnis cellula e cellula" or "every cell originates from another cell." This principle challenged the previous belief in spontaneous generation and emphasized the concept of cell division as the source of new cells.

Virchow's work built upon the foundation laid by other scientists, such as Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, who proposed the cell theory. However, Virchow's specific emphasis on the reproduction of cells from pre-existing cells contributed significantly to the acceptance of the cell theory and revolutionized the field of biology.
By recognizing the essential role of cell division in the growth, development, and repair of tissues, Virchow's concept became a fundamental principle in cell biology. His work provided a framework for studying cellular processes, understanding diseases at the cellular level, and exploring the intricacies of cell reproduction. Today, the principle of cells arising from the reproduction of other cells is a widely accepted concept that forms the basis of modern cell biology.

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Answer:

a. allow the proteins to be concentrated onto the face of the nitrocellulose where they will be accessible to the primary antibody

Explanation:

Genes and the environment both contribute to a person's characteristics. A person's characteristics are not solely determined by genes but the environment also has an impact on who someone becomes. Two examples discussed in class or the textbook that support this point are intelligence and obesity.

The development of intelligence is influenced by both genes and the environment. Studies have shown that the genetic influence on intelligence increases with age. However, the environment is also crucial in developing intelligence. Studies have also shown that children who are raised in a stimulating environment, which includes exposure to language, reading, and other educational materials, have higher intelligence scores than children who are raised in a less stimulating environment.

Obesity is another example of how genes and the environment interact. Some people are more likely to become obese due to their genes. However, the environment also plays a significant role in determining whether someone becomes obese. For example, if someone with a genetic predisposition to obesity lives in an environment with limited access to healthy food and opportunities for physical activity, they are more likely to become obese than someone with the same genetic predisposition who lives in an environment that promotes healthy eating and physical activity.

In conclusion, the interaction of genes and the environment is an essential aspect of understanding human characteristics. DNA is not destiny, and the environment plays a significant role in shaping who someone becomes.

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438 mRNA nucleotides are required to encode the human β-globin polypeptide. The number of nucleotides in the mRNA by three to get the number of codons needed to code for the polypeptide.

The genetic code is a set of rules that determine how the four-letter nucleotide code of DNA is translated into the 20-letter amino acid code of proteins. In the case of the human β-globin polypeptide, which contains 146 amino acids, the number of mRNA nucleotides required to encode it can be calculated using the following steps:

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The first formal exposition of the theory of evolution by natural selection appeared on 20 August 1858 when Darwin and Russel Wallace's.

What is theory of evaluation?

Theory based evaluation is an approach to evaluation (i.e., a conceptual analytical model) and not a specific method or technique. It is a way of structuring and undertaking analysis in an evaluation. A theory of change explains how an intervention is expected to produce its results.

In general, there are three reasons why evaluations are conducted: to determine plausibility, probability, or adequacy.

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Answer:

The first formal exposition of the theory of evolution by natural selection appeared on 20 August 1858 when Darwin and Russel Wallace's 'On the tendency of species to form varieties

Among the given options, the event that is NOT one of the major events in cell division is d. Cell cycle arrest to allow the cells to recuperate.

The major events in cell division include DNA replication, cytokinesis, reproductive signals initiating cell division, and DNA segregation.

While cell cycle arrest can occur in response to certain conditions, such as DNA damage or lack of essential nutrients, it is not considered one of the fundamental events of cell division.

Cell cycle arrest is a regulatory mechanism that temporarily halts the progression of the cell cycle to ensure proper DNA repair or cellular recovery before continuing with cell division.

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Answer:

The Adrenal Gland.

Explanation:

This organ contains three cellular regions in its cortex glomerulosa, fasciculata, and reticularis.

The d gene is therefore heterozygous because it has two different alleles of a particular gene or genes.

In this case, there are two genes whose expression can be seen i.e., gene m produces light magenta pigment, and d causes a darkening of the pigment produced by the m gene. It is a typical case of heterozygosity.

A dominant allele may be a variety of a quality that will create a certain phenotype, indeed within the nearness of other alleles. A prevailing allele ordinarily encodes for a working protein.

The allele is overwhelming since one duplicate of the allele produces a sufficient protein to supply a cell with a bounty of a given product. A heterozygous person may be a diploid living being with two alleles, each of a different sort.

Even though each living being can have as it were two alleles, there can be numerous, numerous varieties of quality displayed in a populace.

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The same level of a neurochemical substance, acting as a neurotransmitter, can have different effects depending on the receptor it binds to.

The same neurotransmitter can have varied effects on different receptors because of their varying sensitivity to it.

For instance, the neurotransmitter serotonin, which is located in the brain, controls mood. It binds to a variety of receptors, and the impact can either be amplified or inhibited depending on whatever receptor it binds to.

Serotonin can cause feelings of relaxation when it connects to the 5-HT1A receptor, but it can also cause feelings of anxiety when it binds to the 5-HT2A receptor.

A neurotransmitter's duration of binding to a receptor may also have an impact on the outcome. It can have distinct effects if it binds to a receptor for a longer amount of time than if it binds for a shorter period of time.

Consequently, depending on which receptor it attaches to and how long it binds to that receptor, the same quantity of a neurochemical substance functioning as a neurotransmitter can have various effects.

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Answer:

In the past, there were various pieces of evidence that were used to dispute the idea of continental drift, which is the theory that suggests that continents have moved over time. These pieces of evidence were put forward by scientists who did not believe in the concept of continental drift.

Explanation:

Here are a few examples:

Lack of Mechanism: One argument against continental drift was the lack of a known mechanism that could cause the continents to move. Scientists questioned how continents, which are large land masses, could shift and change their positions without any clear explanation.

Fixed Continents: Another argument was that continents seemed to be fixed in their positions. Scientists believed that the continents were immovable and had always been in their current locations. They argued that the shapes of the continents fit together like puzzle pieces simply because they happened to look that way, not because they were once connected.

Gravitational Forces: Some scientists proposed that gravitational forces were responsible for the arrangement of continents. They suggested that the distribution of land masses on Earth was due to variations in gravity, rather than the movement of the continents themselves.

Geological Stability: The stability of the Earth's crust was also used as evidence against continental drift. Scientists believed that the Earth's crust was rigid and could not undergo significant movements or changes in shape.

However, over time, new evidence emerged, such as the discovery of mid-ocean ridges and magnetic anomalies, which supported the theory of continental drift. This led to the development of the theory of plate tectonics, which explains how the Earth's lithosphere (crust and upper mantle) is divided into several large plates that move and interact with each other, causing continental drift and other geological phenomena.

Answer: D. Flowers contain cells that produce gametes.

Explanation: Flowers don't absorb carbon and don't produce oxygen nor carry out photosynthesis. Flowers are the reproductive system of some plants, they contain the ovary, which is a gamete.

Answer:

D. Feeding wild animals

Explanation:

they could bite ya

Answer:

D-Feeding wild animals.

Explanation:

If you look at A, B, and C, you’ll see that that would be something that you should do, because B is good hygien, C is that you should respect others (and to be honest if you don’t respect them they might attack because your not respecting them), A is that you should wear gloves when you deal with animals because what if the animal had a disease or sickness? If you didn’t have gloves, you could catch whatever they had. D is poor safety because wil animals are not tamed yet, so you don’t know what they can do, so you shouldn’t even be close to them.

The correct option is A; Pumps require energy for transport, but channels and carriers do not use energy.

A pump varies from a channel or a carrier in terms of membrane proteins because A. Pumps require energy to transport, whereas channels and carriers do not. Pumps are thus classified as active transporters.

Channel proteins are proteins that form hydrophilic pores in cell membranes, allowing molecules to move down the concentration gradient. Carrier proteins are membrane proteins that transport substances both down and up the concentration gradient.

Channel proteins, on the other hand (see the following section), produce open pores through the membrane, allowing unimpeded diffusion of any molecule of the proper size and charge. Carrier proteins enable the diffusion of sugars, amino acids, and nucleosides across the plasma membranes of the majority of cells.

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The virus enters the cell by endocytosis. In the cytoplasm, the capsid breaks, releasing the RNA genome. The correct sequence of events in the viral cycle is  2, 1, 5, 4, 3

The virus enters the cell by endocytosis. In the cytoplasm, the capsid breaks, releasing the RNA genome. Replication and gene expression. The RNA genome is copied (this would be done by a viral enzyme, not shown) and translated into viral proteins using a host ribosome.

Viral replication, which occurs inside the host cell, evolves following the steps of

With this information, we can conclude that the correct sequence of events in the viral cycle is 2, 1, 5, 4, 3

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Answer:

Cycle sequencing is a method of DNA sequencing that uses the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify shorter strands of DNA that are then sequenced. The PCR process is used to make multiple copies of the short strand of DNA, which are then sequenced. This greatly reduces the time required to read the entire sequence since the same information is being read multiple times. Additionally, cycle sequencing uses fluorescent-labeled nucleotides to detect sequences. This allows the sequences to be detected and read quickly, further speeding up the sequencing process.

Answer:

This assertion is false since it depends on the type of selection exerted on the trait under investigation

Explanation:

Geographic isolation is caused by physical barriers such as, for example, rivers, mountains, longer distances, etc, which prevent the interchange of genetic material among populations of the same species. Over time, complete geographic isolation leads to genetic isolation among populations and the development of reproductive barriers, resulting in the separation in two species (speciation). Intermediate populations prevent speciation by enabling gene flow among populations. In consequence, intermediate populations often exhibit intermediate traits as a consequence of bidirectional gene flow; however, there are cases where a given trait is favored by non-directional selection, thereby favoring phenotypic values exhibited by marginal populations localized at the extreme distributional range of the species.

The correct option is C, Bacteria in biofilms are more resistant to antimicrobials and phagocytosis.

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various habitats on Earth. They are among the oldest and most abundant life forms, existing in diverse shapes, sizes, and metabolic capabilities. Bacteria play crucial roles in ecological processes, both beneficial and harmful to other organisms.

These microorganisms have a simple cellular structure, lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells. They possess a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a circular DNA molecule called a plasmid. Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission, dividing into two identical daughter cells. Bacteria exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, allowing them to thrive in diverse environments. Some bacteria are photosynthetic, using sunlight to produce energy, while others are chemosynthetic, deriving energy from chemical reactions.

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The chemical formulae which represents a disaccharide from the answer choice above is C10H18O9.

It is called Ribo-ribo disaccharide ( C10H18O9 ).

Disaccharides are substances which are composed of two molecules of simple sugars (monosaccharides) linked to each other. They are also known as double sugar.

They refer to any sugar, such as sucrose, maltose and lactose, consisting of two monosaccharides combined together.

Monosaccharide on the other hand, refers to simple sugar such as glucose, fructose or deoxyribose that has a single ring.

So therefore, chemical formulae which represents a disaccharide from the answer choice above is C10H18O9.

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If a human gamete with an extra chromosome participates in fertilization with a gamete with a normal number of chromosomes, the resulting zygote will have 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. This condition is known as trisomy, where there is an extra chromosome present in the cells. In humans, trisomy is most commonly associated with Down syndrome, where there is an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Trisomy can occur due to different reasons, such as errors in cell division during gametogenesis or in early embryonic development. While most trisomies are not compatible with life and result in early miscarriage, some can lead to viable pregnancies with associated health concerns.

It is important to note that trisomy can also occur in other chromosomes, and the outcome may depend on the specific chromosome involved and the severity of the extra genetic material. Genetic counseling and prenatal testing can help identify and manage any potential risks associated with trisomy.

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Answer:

12 chromosomes in each cell.

Explanation:

Mitosis is a form of cellular division that produces two identical daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

This happens because a cell replicates it's chromosomes before dividing (this occurs in interphase), creating two sister chromatids. These chromatids then get separated in anaphase, producing two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

I've attached an image which should hopefully explain how this happens. :)