The mean squared end-to-end distance of the sample of PMMA is approximately 300 nm^2.
To calculate the mean squared end-to-end distance (⟨R^2⟩) of a polymer chain using the freely jointed chain (FJC) model, we can use the following formula:
⟨R^2⟩ = N * b^2
Where:
⟨R^2⟩ is the mean squared end-to-end distance.
N is the number of Kuhn segments in the polymer chain.
b is the Kuhn length.
In this case, we are given the following information:
Kuhn length (b) = 0.25 nm
Monomer molar mass = 100 g/mol
Average molar mass of PMMA = 120,000 g/mol
First, let's calculate the number of Kuhn segments (N) in the polymer chain:
N = M_n / M_k
Where:
M_n is the average molar mass of PMMA.
M_k is the Kuhn molar mass.
M_k = monomer molar mass * kuhn length
Substituting the given values:
M_k = 100 g/mol * 0.25 nm = 25 g/mol * nm
N = 120,000 g/mol / 25 g/mol * nm ≈ 4800 nm
Now, let's calculate the mean squared end-to-end distance (⟨R^2⟩):
⟨R^2⟩ = N * b^2
⟨R^2⟩ = 4800 * (0.25 nm)^2
⟨R^2⟩ = 4800 * 0.0625 nm^2
⟨R^2⟩ = 300 nm^2
Therefore, the mean squared end-to-end distance of the sample of PMMA is approximately 300 nm^2.
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PLEASE HELP ASAP!!! WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!!! 25 POINTS!!!!! IF YOU"RE JUST GOING TO ANSWER FOR POINTS PLEASE DO NOT I NEED REAL ANSWERS!!!!
2. Which gas law is this experiment investigating? How does your graph represent the gas law under investigation?
3. Using your knowledge of the kinetic molecular theory of gases, describe the relationship between volume and temperature of an ideal gas. Explain how this is reflected in your lab data.
4. Pressure and number of moles remained constant during this experiment. If you wanted to test one of these variables in a future experiment, how would you use your knowledge of gas laws to set up the investigation?
Answer:
2. for number two I asks what the experiment is showing, I need the picture of the experiment.
3. As temperature increases, the particles will gain kinetic energy causing it to move more rapidly and randomly. However, this causes the gas to expand as the particles will have more energy to roam freely. as temperature increases, Volume increases.
4. Im not sure D:
All of the following are qualitative tests that are often used to identify unknown ionic compounds except __________
All of the following are qualitative tests that are often used to identify unknown ionic compounds except titration.
Qualitative tests are conducted to determine the presence or absence of certain ions or compounds in a sample based on their characteristic reactions. Common qualitative tests include flame tests, precipitation reactions, color changes, and gas evolution tests.
Titration, on the other hand, is a quantitative technique used to determine the concentration of a specific substance in a solution by reacting it with a standardized solution of another substance. It is not typically used as a qualitative test for identifying unknown ionic compounds.
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The price of a gallon of almond milk increases from $5 to $10, so people start buying more oat milk as an alternative. this causes a shift to the left in the demand for almond milk. demand for almond milk ____________ because of a change in ___________.
The demand for almond milk decreases because of a change in price from $5 to $10. Details about demand can be found below.
What is demand?Demand refers to the amount of goods a consumer is willing and able to buy at a given price and at a particular time.
Several factors can affect the demand of a particular good. According to this question, the price of a gallon of almond milk increases from $5 to $10, so people start buying more oat milk as an alternative.
Therefore, it can be said that the demand for almond milk decreases because of a change in price from $5 to $10.
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Answer:
decreased:related goods
Explanation:
ik it seems like decreased:income but i just took the test twice and ik for a fact its c not d
Section II: Observations and Conclusions
What charts, tables, or drawings would clearly show what you have learned in this lab?
Each chart, table, or drawing should have the following items:
An appropriate title
Appropriate labels
need help with lab!- earth and space seince 1
The Tables that clearly show what you have learned in this lab:
Centered on the page.Numbered in the order they appear in the text.Referenced in the order they appear in the text.Labeled with the table number and descriptive title above the table.Labeled with column and/or row labels that describe the data, including units of measurement.What is data?Data is described as a collection of discrete values that convey information, describing the quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpreted.
In most cases, we can also use a dichotomous key as it helps in the classification of objects by sorting it out with Yes and No questions, until every object is single.
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What happens to the electrons that are released when water is split in the light reactions of photosynthesis?
The electrons released when water is split in the light reactions of photosynthesis are used to replenish the electrons lost by chlorophyll molecules, create a proton gradient, and produce ATP and NADPH. Oxygen is also released as a byproduct.
When water is split in the light reactions of photosynthesis, the electrons that are released are used to replenish the electrons lost by chlorophyll molecules as they are excited by absorbed light energy.
The process of water splitting occurs in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts. The released electrons are then transferred to the electron transport chain, a series of protein complexes embedded in the thylakoid membrane.
As the electrons are passed through the electron transport chain, they release energy, which is used to create a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. This gradient is then used to power the production of ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
Ultimately, the electrons from water are used to reduce NADP+ to NADPH, a high-energy molecule that is used in the subsequent reactions of the Calvin cycle, which is responsible for the fixation of carbon dioxide into organic compounds. The oxygen released during water splitting is a byproduct of photosynthesis and is released into the atmosphere as molecular oxygen (O2).
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bromine is a reddish-brown liquid with a density of 3.10 g/ml. what is the volume of 22.4 g of bromine?
The volume of 22.4 g of bromine with a density of 3.10 g/ml is 7.22 mL.
A species' density is a physical characteristic that can be assessed by calculating its mass and volume. Mathematically dividing the mass by the volume yields the density.
As shown below, the density and mass of a sample determine the volume occupied by a particular substance.
ρ = m/V
Here, the mass is m, the volume is V, and the density is.
Utilizing the matter's mass and volume, the aforementioned formula determines the matter's density (occupied by the matter).
density = 3.10
mass = 22.4 g
ρ = m/V
3.10 = 22.4/V
V = 22.4/3.10
V = 7.22 mL
Therefore, The volume of 22.4 g of bromine with a density of 3.10 g/ml is 7.22 mL.
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how many electrons elements are present in period 2 ?
What is the empirical formula for propane?
Answer:
The empirical formula for propane is C3H8.
Answer:
Because propane is made up of only hydrogen and carbon _ the chemical formula is C3H8..
Calculate the x and y components of the net force on the ring ΣF
x
= ΣF
y
= Is the 1
st
law of Newton obeyed? Justify. \begin{tabular}{cc|c|c} T
xN
& 0.139N & −0.220N & −0.28N \\ \hlineT
yN
& 0.209N & 0.117N & 0N \end{tabular}
Given the following: \begin{tabular}{cc|c|c} T
xN
& 0.139N & −0.220N & −0.28N \\ \hlineT
yN
& 0.209N & 0.117N & 0N \end{tabular}Calculating the x and y components of the net force on the ring ΣF: For x components of ΣF:ΣF
x
= T
x
1
+ T
x
2
+ T
x
3
ΣF
x
= 0.139 N - 0.220 N - 0.28 N ΣF
x
= -0.361 NFor y components of ΣF:ΣF
y
= T
y
1
+ T
y
2
+ T
y
3
ΣF
y
= 0.209 N + 0.117 N + 0 N ΣF
y
= 0.326 NThus, the components of the net force are: ΣF
x
= -0.361 N, ΣF
y
= 0.326 N
Newton’s 1st law: Every body will continue in a state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it. This law is obeyed since the sum of the forces on the ring is not zero. It would continue in its motion, if there were no net force acting upon it.
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A tank of oxygen holds 20.0 L at a pressure of 15.0 atm. What is the pressure of this same gas a constant temperature if the oxygen is allowed to expand to 300.0 L?
Answer:
khate ko ban randi ko ban
As the ball moves from Point 3 to Point 4, which energy conversion is taking place?
Answer:
Potential energy to kinectic energy
Explanation:
A gas in a 3.5-L container has a pressure of 285 mm Hg. When the gas is transferred completely to a 750 mL container at the same emperalure, the pressure will be
Answer:
285
Explanation:
What is the formula for an ionic compound that is composed of potassium and oxygen?
Answer:
Ty for free points :)
Explanation:
Describe particle movement in solid,liquid and gas
Answer:
In a solid, they're really close together and vibrate a LITTLE, in a liquid they're kinda close together but change movement because water will change shape depending on the container they're in. For gas they are spread far from each other and vibrate A LOT
Explanation:
A cylinder of volume 2.00 L contains 0.100 mol He(g) at 30°C. Which process does more work on the system, compressing the gas isothermally to 1.00 L with a
constant external pressure of 5.00 atm or compressing it reversibly and isothermally to the same final volume?
The system's effort in the process known as isothermal can be determined using the equation. W = 2.303RT log 10 (V 2 / V 1), where V is the volume in two distinct states that are both at temperature T, and R is the constant of all gases.
What is the isothermal mechanism of a refrigerator?Although a refrigerator's mechanism goes through a number of changes, the internal temperature never varies. Here, warmth energy is released and spread throughout the nearby area. The heat pump is an additional instance of an isothermal mechanism.
What does adiabatic compression mean?Isothermal compression is a thermodynamic mechanism that lowers the volume or raises the pressure in a system with a constant temperature. Thermal equilibrium is preserved by the procedure.
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rank a-e in order of increasing amount of hydrate formed when treated with aqueous acid. smith6e1853 which of the following options correctly describe the relative amount of hydrate formed by these compounds when reacted with aqueous acid? a produces more hydrate than b. a produces more hydrate than e. e produces the least amount of hydrate. c produces the most hydrate. b produces more hydrate than d.
The compounds can be ranked in order of increasing amount of hydrate formed when treated with aqueous acid as follows: e < b < a < d < c and option (C) "e produces the least amount of hydrate" is correct.
Option (A) a produces more hydrate than b is also correct, as a is ranked higher than b in terms of hydrate formation. However, option (B) a produces more hydrate than e is incorrect, as e is ranked lower than a. Option (D) c produces the most hydrate is also incorrect, as c is ranked in the middle of the list. Option (E) b produces more hydrate than d is correct, as b is ranked higher than d in terms of hydrate formation.
e produces the least amount of hydrate means that compound e will form the smallest amount of hydrate when treated with aqueous acid. c produces the most hydrate means that compound c will form the largest amount of hydrate when treated with aqueous acid and b produces more hydrate than d means that compound b will form a larger amount of hydrate than compound d when treated with aqueous acid.
Hence, the correct option is C.
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The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is _______ mm Hg, while the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is _______ mm Hg.
The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is about 104 mm Hg, while the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is 40 mm Hg.
What is the partial pressure of gases in the alveoli?The alveoli are tiny air sacs where gaseous exchange takes place between the lung and the bloodstream.
Because oxygen needs to diffuse into the bloodstream while carbon dioxide needs to diffuse out, the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is around 104 mmHg while that of carbon dioxide is 40 mmHg.
With higher partial pressure than in the blood, oxygen from the alveoli will be able to diffuse into the blood. With lower partial pressure than in the blood, carbon dioxide will be able to diffuse from the blood into the alveoli.
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The law of original horizontality explains:
A why rocks harden
B why rocks appear in layers
C how sedimentary rock forms
D why rock layers are always flat
EARTH SCIENCE
Answer:
c) how sedimentary rock forms
Ethanol (C2H5OH) melts at -114 ∘C and boils at 78 ∘C. The enthalpy of fusion of ethanol is 5.02 kJ/mol, and its enthalpy of vaporization is 38.56 kJ/mol. The specific heat of solid and liquid ethanol are 0.97 J/g⋅K are 2.3 J/g⋅Krespectively.
PART A: How much heat is required to convert 22.0 g of ethanol at 40 ∘C to the vapor phase at 78 ∘C?
PART B: How much heat is required to convert 22.0 g of ethanol at -164 ∘C to the vapor phase at 78 ∘C?
The important information given in the question is Melting point of ethanol, Tᵣ = -114 °C, Boiling point of ethanol, Tb = 78 °C, Enthalpy of fusion of ethanol, ΔHfus = 5.02 kJ/mol, Enthalpy of vaporization of ethanol, ΔHvap = 38.56 kJ/mol, ,Specific heat of solid ethanol, Cs = 0.97 J/g⋅ K, Specific heat of liquid ethanol, Cl = 2.3 J/g⋅ K
Enthalpy of fusion is basically the heat required at constant temperature to convert for melting i.e. from solid state to liquid state. Enthalpy of vaporization is basically the heat required at constant temperature to convert for vaporizing i.e. from liquid state to gaseous state.
(a) Let us divide the process into three steps, heating .
Step 1: Heating solid ethanol from -114 °C to 0 °C: Q = m × Cs × ΔT= 22.0 g × 0.97 J/g⋅K × (0 - (-114)) K=
Q =2569.2 J = 2.57 kJ
Step 2: Melting the solid ethanol at 0 °C:Q = n × ΔHfus= (22.0 g / 46.06844 g/mol) × 5.02 kJ/mol= 2.40 kJ
Step 3: Heating the liquid ethanol from 0 °C to 78 °C:Q = m × Cl × ΔT= 22.0 g × 2.3 J/g⋅K × (78 - 0) K= 3860.4 J = 3.86 kJ
Total heat required = 2.57 kJ + 2.40 kJ + 3.86 kJ= 8.83 kJ
(b) Let's divide the process into four steps,
Step 1: Heating the solid ethanol from -164 °C to -114 °C:Q = m × Cs × ΔT= 22.0 g × 0.97 J/g⋅K × (-114 - (-164)) K
Q= 1157.6 J = 1.16 kJ
Step 2: Heating the solid ethanol from -114 °C to 0 °C:Q = m × Cs × ΔT= 22.0 g × 0.97 J/g⋅K × (0 - (-114)) K
Q= 2569.2 J = 2.57 kJ
Step 3: Melting the solid ethanol at 0 °C:Q = n × ΔHfus= (22.0 g / 46.06844 g/mol) × 5.02 kJ/mol= 2.40 kJ
Step 4: Heating the liquid ethanol from 0 °C to 78 °C:Q = m × Cl × ΔT= 22.0 g × 2.3 J/g⋅K × (78 - 0) K= 3860.4 J = 3.86 kJ
Total heat required = 1.16 kJ + 2.57 kJ + 2.40 kJ + 3.86 kJ= 10.99 kJ
Therefore, the amount of heat required to convert 22.0 g of ethanol at 40 ∘C to the vapor phase at 78 ∘C is 8.83 kJ and the amount of heat required to convert 22.0 g of ethanol at -164 ∘C to the vapor phase at 78 ∘C is 10.99 kJ.
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Terms that are true of respiration reaction (such C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O) include?
A. Endothermic and acid-base
b. exothermic an acid-base
C endothermic and redox
D exothermic and redox
The Respiration reaction includes exothermic process and redox reaction. Hence, Option (D) is correct.
What is Respiration ?A process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O2 → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
Therefore, The Respiration reaction includes exothermic process and redox reaction. Hence, Option (D) is correct.
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To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require 1 (or) 2 allele(s) to be mutated and are therefore considered dominant (or) recessive.
To cause cancer, proto-oncogenes require 1 allele to be mutated and are therefore considered dominant.
What is cancer?Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements.While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they can also have other causes.Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.
Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths. Another 10% are due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity or excessive drinking of alcohol. Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation, and environmental pollutants.
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someone help please????
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Your answer is A
Answer:
A is the answer
Explanation:
consider the following image of two buret measurements, the initial and final readings. what is the total volume of liquid delivered in ml?
The answer cannot be provided without the specific values of the initial and final readings of the burets.
What is the total volume of liquid delivered in milliliters based on the initial and final readings of the burets?To determine the total volume of liquid delivered in milliliters (ml), you need to subtract the initial reading from the final reading of the burets. The difference between these two readings represents the volume of liquid dispensed.
To calculate the total volume, follow these steps:
1. Determine the initial reading of the burets in ml.
2. Determine the final reading of the burets in ml.
3. Subtract the initial reading from the final reading.
The resulting value will give you the total volume of liquid delivered in ml.
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Why does Argon have a zero valency?
brainliest for the right answer
hsisbaoabsus akapanwiwvwhs
If you asking about the neon and argon thing then I'll answer it tho!
Neon and Argon's are fully filled electron's in their 1 st shell or most likely it's outermost shell which have 8 electron's in total and it cannot take or loose any of them and it can't even share it tho to anyone and that's why argon have a zero valency
A sample of nitrogen gas collected at a pressure of 766 mm Hg and a temperature of 297 K has a mass of 27.0 grams. The volume of the sample is_____ L.
A sample of nitrogen gas collected at a pressure of 766 mm Hg and a temperature of 297 K has a mass of 27.0 grams. The volume of the sample is 24.13 liters.
To find the volume of the sample of nitrogen gas, we can use the ideal gas law:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure in atmospheres (atm), V is the volume in liters (L), n is the number of moles of gas, R is the gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/K·mol), and T is the temperature in Kelvin (K).
First, we need to convert the pressure from mm Hg to atm:
1 atm = 760 mm Hg
So, P = 766 mm Hg / 760 mm Hg/atm = 1.01 atm
Next, we can use the mass of the sample to calculate the number of moles of nitrogen gas:
n = m/M
where m is the mass of the gas (27.0 g) and M is the molar mass of nitrogen (28.0 g/mol).
n = 27.0 g / 28.0 g/mol = 0.964 mol
Now we can plug in the values for P, n, R, and T and solve for V:
V = nRT/P
V = (0.964 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/K·mol)(297 K)/(1.01 atm)
V = 22.5 L
Therefore, the volume of the sample of nitrogen gas is 22.5 L.
To find the volume of the nitrogen gas sample, we can use the Ideal Gas Law formula, which is PV = nRT. We need to determine the values for pressure (P), number of moles (n), temperature (T), and the gas constant (R). Then, we can solve for the volume (V).
Given:
Pressure (P) = 766 mm Hg (we need to convert it to atm, so we'll use the conversion factor: 1 atm = 760 mm Hg)
Temperature (T) = 297 K
Mass of nitrogen gas = 27.0 grams
First, convert the pressure to atm:
P = 766 mm Hg * (1 atm / 760 mm Hg) = 1.0079 atm
Next, find the number of moles (n) using the molar mass of nitrogen gas (N2) which is 28.02 g/mol:
n = mass / molar mass = 27.0 grams / 28.02 g/mol = 0.9636 mol
Now, we have P, n, and T, and the value of the gas constant (R) is 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K. Plug the values into the Ideal Gas Law formula:
1.0079 atm * V = 0.9636 mol * 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K * 297 K
Solve for V:
V = (0.9636 mol * 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K * 297 K) / 1.0079 atm = 24.13 L
Therefore, the volume of the nitrogen gas sample is 24.13 liters.
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Objective: Students will create a mini-poster (on a Word document) that visually illustrates the process of balancing a chemi equation for Na + __H2O → __NaOH + __H2 1. In the top half of the poster, for the unbalanced chemical equation: ✓ In large letters, write the unbalanced chemical equation using the formulas of the substances. ✓ In large letters, write the unbalanced chemical equation in words, using their knowledge of naming compounds. ✓ Represent the number of atoms of each element with colored circles ("atoms"). ✓ Show an inventory of the atoms on the reactant side and the product side (i.e. 2H, 20).
The unbalanced chemical equation is: Na + H₂O → NaOH + H₂
The unbalanced chemical equation in words: One mole of sodium atom reacts with one mole of water to form one mole of sodium hydroxide and one mole of hydrogen gas.
The number of atoms on the reactant side is: 1 Na, 2 H, and 1 O
The number of atoms on the product side is: 1 Na, 3 H, and 1 O
What are chemical equations?Chemical equations are equations that use the symbols of the elements to represent the chemical reaction that occurs between elements or compounds called reactants to form products.
A chemical equation may be balanced or unbalanced.
A chemical equation is unbalanced when the number of moles of atoms of each element reacting is not equal on both sides of the reaction.
A chemical equation is balanced when the number of moles of atoms of each element reacting is equal on both sides of the reaction.
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Which periodic trend is not explained by shielding and ENC?
O Atomic radius
O ENC does not explain any periodic trend
O ENC explains all periodic trends
O
Electronegativity
ENC explains all periodic trends
The electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electrons holds electrons in an atom or ion. Due to electron shielding that exists between the electron of interest and the nucleus in multi-electron species, the electrons do not experience the full positive charge of the nucleus. The effective nuclear charge is the total positive charge that really affects an electron.
In order to comprehend periodic characteristics, it is crucial to understand the idea of effective nuclear charge (Z*). The portion of the total nuclear charge that an electron in an atom experiences is known as the effective nuclear charge. This is equal to the atomic number (Z) less the amount () by which other atoms' electrons protect the particular atom's nucleus.
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an unknown compound has a molar mass of 210. g/mol. it is 22.88% c, 5.76% h, and 71.36% as by composition. determine the compound's molecular formula.
The ratio is approximately 2, the molecular formula of the compound is approximately 2 times the empirical formula:\(C4H12As\).
To determine the molecular formula of the compound, we need to find the empirical formula first. The empirical formula represents the simplest, most reduced ratio of atoms in the compound.
We are given the percentages of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and arsenic (As) in the compound:
C: 22.88%
H: 5.76%
As: 71.36%
To find the empirical formula, we can assume we have 100g of the compound, which allows us to convert the percentages into grams. Then, we can calculate the moles of each element using their molar masses.
C: (22.88 g / 12.01 g/mol) = 1.906 mol
H: (5.76 g / 1.008 g/mol) = 5.714 mol
As: (71.36 g / 74.92 g/mol) = 0.953 mol
Next, we need to find the smallest whole-number ratio of moles. In this case, the smallest ratio is approximately 2:6:1. So, the empirical formula of the compound is \(C2H6As\).
To determine the molecular formula, we need to find the ratio between the molar mass of the empirical formula and the given molar mass of 210 g/mol.
Empirical formula molar mass = (2 * 12.01 g/mol) + (6 * 1.008 g/mol) + (1 * 74.92 g/mol) = 104.16 g/mol
Molecular formula ratio = 210 g/mol / 104.16 g/mol ≈ 2
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Write word equation as a chemical equation:
When chlorine gas is added to an aqueous solution of potassium iodide, the reaction yields solid iodine and an aqueous solution of potassium chloride
Answer:
Here's the chemical equation:
Cl2 + KI → KCl + I2
Cl2(g)+2KI(aq)→I2(s)+2KCl(aq)
calculate the volume occupied by 6.4g of oxygen, 02 at stp?,
Answer:
4.9 L O₂
General Formulas and Concepts:
Atomic Structure
Reading a Periodic TableMolesSTP (Standard Conditions for Temperature and Pressure) = 22.4 L per mole at 1 atm, 273 KStoichiometry
Using Dimensional AnalysisExplanation:
Step 1: Define
Identify variables
[Given] 6.4 g O₂ at STP
[Solve] L O₂
Step 2: Identify Conversions
[STP] 1 mol = 22.4 L
[PT] Molar Mass of O: 16.00 g/mol
Molar Mass of O₂: 2(16.00) = 32.00 g/mol
Step 3: Convert
[DA] Set up: \(\displaystyle 6.4 \ g \ O_2(\frac{1 \ mol \ O_2}{32.00 \ g \ O_2})(\frac{22.4 \ L \ O_2}{1 \ mol \ O_2})\)[DA] Divide/Multiply [Cancel out units]: \(\displaystyle 4.48 \ L \ O_2\)Step 4: Check
Follow sig fig rules and round. We are given 2 sig figs.
4.48 L O₂ ≈ 4.9 L O₂