Q1. The figure below shows magnesium burning in air.
(a) Look at the figure above.
How can you tell that a chemical reaction is taking place?

A mole is defined as the amount of substance in grams that has a number of particles equal to the number of atoms in 12 g of carbon-12. One mole of any substance has a mass equal to its molecular or atomic weight. Molarity is expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution.

Therefore, we can use the following formula to calculate the number of moles of solute contained in a specific volume of a solution: moles of solute = molarity x volume of solution, To calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in 2.00 L of a 2.6 M NaOH solution.

We will use the above formula: moles of NaOH = molarity x volume of solution = 2.6 M x 2.00 L = 5.2 moles of NaOH. So, there will be 5.2 moles of NaOH contained in 2.00 L of a 2.6 M NaOH solution.

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Answer: The condensed electron configuration, aka noble gas configuration is [Ar] 4s^2 3d^10 4p^2.

Explanation:

The full configuration for Ge based on its location on the periodic table would be 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^2.

This is unnecessarily long, therefore to shorten it, find the last noble gas (the last column on the right of the periodic table), which is Argon, Ar.

Therefore anything after Ar gets included in the condensed version of the electron configuration. In this case that would be 4s^2 3d^10 4p^2.

So the final answer would be [Ar] 4s^2 3d^10 4p^2.

Mass of HCI consumed in the reaction 52.6 g.

Given information: Molar mass of HCI = 36.46 g/mol

No of moles of HCI consumed in the reaction = 1.44 moles

We can use the formula for the relationship between moles and mass to calculate the mass of HCI consumed in the reaction.

Mass = No of moles × Molar mass

Thus,Mass of HCI consumed in the reaction = 1.44 mol × 36.46 g/mol= 52.6064 g ≈ 52.6 g

Hence, 52.6 is the required answer in grams consumed of HCI

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Answer:

energy

Explanation:

The First Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation) states that energy is conserved, it cannot be created nor destroyed.

Answer: Carbon dioxide (CO‚) is composed of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. Therefore, the percent composition of carbon in carbon dioxide is approximately 33.3%.

Explanation:

Answer:

Ground state electronic configuration of nitrogen atom can be represented by 1, 4 only. All the unpaired electrons have spins aligned in the same direction only.

Explanation:

Answer

Ethiopia, Niger, Chad

Exlination-

Answer:

independent variable -- different batteries

dependent variable -- the time that clock stop

Explanation:

In an experiment or a research study, there are two type of variables that can affect the result of the experiment or the conclusion. They are independent variable and the dependent variable.

An independent variable may be defined as that variable in an experiment which can be changed or can be controlled in the scientific experiment in order to test the effect on the dependent variable. It cannot be changed by other variables.

On the other hand, dependent variable are those are those which can be altered or change that can affect the experiment.

In the context, Emily uses  the different types of the batteries as an independent variable and the time where the clock stopped in the dependent variable in her research.

Answer:

A polar covalent bond will have the electrons shifted more towards one side or the other; a nonpolar bond will have evenly distributed electrons.

Explanation:

  The basis for a polar bond is that the electrons are shared unevenly. Some elements are more electronegative than others; that is, they pull harder on the electrons and tend to have more electrons around them. Following the periodic trends, Fluorine is the most electronegative element, so it will likely have the most dense area of electrons in a molecule. All this means that in a polar molecule, the electrons will be spread out unevenly along the lengths of the bonds as some elements will pull on them more than others will.

  Nonpolar molecules do not have to worry about differences in electronegativity, and so the electron density will be pretty evenly distributed along the entire molecule.

Hope this helps! :)

The number of hydroxide ions, OH⁻ present in 509 grams of copper (ii) hydroxide, Cu(OH)₂ is 6.28×10²⁴ ions

We'll begin by obtaining the mole of copper (ii) hydroxide, Cu(OH)₂. Details below:

Mole = mass / molar mass

Mole of Cu(OH)₂ = 509 / 97.56

Mole of Cu(OH)₂ = 5.22 moles

Next, we shall determine the mole of OH⁻ in 5.22 mole of Cu(OH)₂. This is shown below:

Cu(OH)₂(aq) <=> Cu²⁺(aq) + 2OH⁻(aq)

From the above equation,

1 mole of Cu(OH)₂ contains 2 moles of OH⁻

Therefore,

5.22 moles of Cu(OH)₂ will contain = 5.22 × 2 = 10.44 moles of OH⁻

Finally, we shall determine the number of ions of OH⁻. Details below:

From Avogadro's hypothesis,

1 mole of OH⁻ = 6.02×10²³ ions

Therefore,

10.44 moles of OH⁻ = 10.44 × 6.02×10²³

10.44 moles of OH⁻ = 6.28×10²⁴ ions

Thus, the number of ions is 6.28×10²⁴ ions

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Recovery = (Weight of product recovered ÷ Theoretical yield) × 100% Recovery = (0.251 g ÷ 0.27594 g) × 100% Recovery = 91.08%Therefore, the % recovery of the reaction between 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene and maleic anhydride to form cyclic anhydride was 91.08%.

Diels-Alder Reaction   Diels-Alder reaction is a chemical process that joins a conjugated diene with a dienophile (a compound containing a double bond) to form a six-membered ring called a cyclohexene ring. It is a chemical reaction that can be used to make new carbon–carbon bonds. The reaction was discovered by two German scientists, Otto Diels and Kurt Alder, in 1928.In the Diels-Alder reaction between 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene and maleic anhydride to form cyclic anhydride, the % recovery was calculated using the following data:Weight of maleic anhydride used: 185 mg = 0.185 gVolume of diene used: 0.215 mLWeight of cyclic anhydride crystals recovered: 0.251 g% Recovery:We can calculate the percent recovery using the following formula:% Recovery = (Weight of product recovered ÷ Theoretical yield) × 100The theoretical yield of the product can be calculated from the balanced chemical equation as follows:2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene + Maleic Anhydride → Cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic AnhydrideThe molar mass of 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene is 68 g/mol. The molar mass of Maleic Anhydride is 98 g/mol. The molar mass of Cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic Anhydride is 146 g/mol.Using these values, we can calculate the number of moles of each reactant: moles of diene used = (0.215 mL)(0.788 g/mL)/(68 g/mol) = 0.00248 mol moles of maleic anhydride used = 0.185 g/98 g/mol = 0.00189 mol The theoretical yield of cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride = 0.00189 mol × 1 mol/1 mol = 0.00189 molThe theoretical yield of cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride = 0.00189 mol × 146 g/mol = 0.27594 gNow, we can substitute these values into the percent recovery equation:% Recovery = (Weight of product recovered ÷ Theoretical yield) × 100% Recovery = (0.251 g ÷ 0.27594 g) × 100% Recovery = 91.08%Therefore, the % recovery of the reaction between 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene and maleic anhydride to form cyclic anhydride was 91.08%.

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Answer:

About 29 percent of the solar energy that arrives at the top of the atmosphere is reflected back to space by clouds, atmospheric particles, or bright ground surfaces like sea ice and snow

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Cellular respiration is the metabolic process and is a reduction-oxidation reaction that yields ATP molecules. Thus, option C is accurate.

It is a redox reaction that utilizes glucose and oxygen molecules to release carbon dioxide and energy in the form of ATP. This energy released is used to drive the functions and roles of the cells.

The food molecule, glucose is broken in the presence of the oxygen molecule to release the carbon dioxide and the energy from the cells that are in the form of adenosine triphosphate molecule.  

Therefore, option C. cellular respiration is a redox reaction is correct.

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The first one appear to be a pan with some liquid heating up.

The beginning state is liquid, the phase change type is a vaporization and its ending state is gas.

The second one seems to be a ice cube melting.

Its beginning phase is solid, the phase change type is fusion, and its ending state is liquid.

The third one is water, or other liquid, making clouds.

The beginning state is liquid, the phase change type is a vaporization and its ending state is gas.

The fourth illustration seems to be an aluminium can. There aren't really a phase change happening, but when we open the aluminium can containing gaseous drink, there are molecules of gas diluted into the liquid and some of it encouter each other to make a bubble of the gas and is released. It is not an actually phase change, it is the reverse process of diluting gas into liquid. Initially it is diluted gas, it gets released and in the end it is in gas phase.

Hepatocytes convert ammonia to urea, which is eliminated more readily from the body. This is an anabolic process in action.

Anabolic processes are chemical events in which complex molecules are formed from simpler ones. This metabolic process of converting ammonia to urea is critical because it serves to regulate the quantity of nitrogen produced by the body.

Ammonia is a byproduct of protein metabolism that can be hazardous to cells if it builds up. Urea is far less harmful and is easily excreted from the body through urine. Hepatocytes in the liver are in charge of converting ammonia to urea.

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Explanation:

unorganized and unsorted i think this is the answer

Answer:It is a nuclear process, where energy is produced by smashing together light atoms. It is the opposite reaction of fission, where heavy isotopes are split apart.

Explanation Fusion is the process by which the sun and other stars generate light and heat.

It’s most easily achieved on Earth by combining two isotopes of hydrogen: deuterium and tritium. Hydrogen is the lightest of all the elements, being made up of a single proton and a electron. Deuterium has an extra neutron in its nucleus; it can replace one of the hydrogen atoms in H20 to make what is called “heavy water.”

A structural isomer is a compound that has the same number of atoms but is arranged differently. Therefore, to know which will be the structural isomer of the compound they give us, we must count the atoms of each compound.

When comparing the compounds we see that pent-2-yne has C5H8 just like 3-methylcyclobutene, therefore these two compounds are structural isomers.

The answer will be: 3-methylcyclobutene

The mass of calcium chloride required in the solution has been 200 g. Thus, option C is correct.

Molarity has been defined as the mole of solute in a liter of solution. Molarity has been expressed as:

\(\rm Molarity=\dfrac{Mass}{Molar\;mass}\;\times\;\dfrac{1}{Volume\;L} \)

The given number of beakers has been 10.

The volume of a beaker has been 250 mL. The total volume of the solution in 10 beakers has been 2500 mL.

The given molarity of the solution has been 0. 72 M.

The mass of calcium chloride has been given by substituting the values as:

\(\rm 0. 72=\dfrac{Mass}{110. 98} \;\times\;\dfrac{1}{2.5}\\ Mass=200 \;g\)

The mass of calcium chloride required in the solution has been 200 g. Thus, option C is correct.

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Answer:

Choux pastry

Explanation:

Eclairs are a long, thin pastry made from choux pastry and is filled with cream and topped with icing (usually chocolate).

I hope this helps!!

- Kay :)

Long French pastries composed of choux pastry, filled with custard or pastry cream, and covered with fondant icing are known as éclairs.

The fundamental components for choux dough, including as sugar, butter, flour, milk, and egg, are used to make eclairs, cream puffs, and profiteroles. However, it is crucial to read and follow the directions carefully to prevent common eclair blunders such . Eclair shells with broken surfaces.

A choux pastry-based éclair is a long, thin individual cake. This delicious treat is loaded with cream and covered with milk chocolate. A donut is a fried sweet treat made of sweet dough that is often shaped like a ring or ball.

The chocolate éclair, which is covered with chocolate fondant and filled with chocolate custard or pastry cream, is possibly the most well-known type of éclair.

Thus, éclair is made up of choux pastry.

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Light is not considered matter. It is a form of electromagnetic radiation that does not possess mass or occupy space in the same way that physical substances do.  Option D

a) Bubbles are made up of matter. They are typically composed of a gas (such as air) surrounded by a liquid or solid material, forming a thin film. The film of the bubble contains molecules of the substance, making it a form of matter.

b) Smoke consists of tiny particles suspended in air, resulting from the incomplete combustion of a material. These particles are solid or liquid, making smoke a form of matter. It contains tiny particles of matter that are dispersed in the air.

c) Glass is a solid material that is made up of an amorphous arrangement of molecules. It is a state of matter known as a solid, characterized by its rigidity and shape. Glass is composed of atoms and molecules tightly packed together.

In contrast, light does not have mass or a fixed volume. It behaves as both particles (photons) and waves, and it travels in a straight line at a constant speed. Light can interact with matter, such as being absorbed, transmitted, or reflected, but it itself is not matter.

In summary, while bubbles, smoke, and glass are all forms of matter, light is not. Light is a type of electromagnetic radiation that exhibits wave-particle duality and does not possess mass or occupy space in the same way as physical substances.

Option D

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To determine if ethylene glycol n-butyl ether-water is one or two-phase system, we need to compare the tie-line length and the lever rule calculation. A single stable liquid phase with a mass fraction of 30% ethylene glycol n-butyl ether and 70% water is present at equilibrium.

Assuming that the system follows Raoult's law and that the activity coefficients are equal to one, we can use the following equation to calculate the tie-line length:

Tie-line length = (x2 - x1) / (y1 - x1)

where x1 and x2 are the mole fractions of water in the liquid phase and vapor phase, respectively, at the two-phase boundary, and y1 is the mole fraction of water in the liquid phase at the point where the tie-line intersects the tie-line axis.

Using the given data, we can calculate the mole fraction of water in the liquid phase at the two-phase boundary as follows:

x1 = 0.3 (given)

x2 = 1 - x1 = 0.7

y1 = x1 = 0.3 (assuming the vapor phase is pure water)

Substituting these values into the tie-line equation, we get:

Tie-line length = (0.7 - 0.3) / (0.3 - 0.3) = 0

Since the tie-line length is zero, the system is a single-phase liquid, and there is no two-phase region. Therefore, the answer is that the system is one stable liquid phase at equilibrium, with a mass fraction of water of 70% and a mass fraction of ethylene glycol n-butyl ether of 30%.

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Answer:

Diffusion

Explanation:

When someone opens a lunch box, the molecules of the food inside it start to diffuse into the surrounding air. Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In this case, the molecules of the food are at a higher concentration inside the lunch box, and when the box is opened, they start to spread out into the air where their concentration is lower.

As the molecules of the food move out of the lunch box and into the air, they collide with the air molecules, and this causes them to spread out even further. The movement of the food molecules and their collision with the air molecules creates an odor that we can smell. This odor is actually made up of the molecules of the food that have diffused into the air.

The diffusion of the food molecules into the air is a natural process that occurs because of the difference in concentration between the food and the air. This diffusion continues until the concentration of the food molecules in the air reaches equilibrium with the concentration of the food molecules inside the lunch box. At this point, the odor will no longer be noticeable because the concentration of the food molecules in the air will be the same as the concentration of the food molecules inside the lunch box.

The overall energy change for the reaction is used to identify that the reaction is exothermic.

The combustion of ethene can be represented by the following chemical equation

C₂H₄ + 3O₂ → 2 CO₂ + 2 H₂O

the bond energies (in kJ/mol ) are

C-C 348

C=C 611

O=O 498

C=O 743

O-H 463

C-H 413

Reactants

C₂H₄    1 (C=C) + 4 (C-H) = 1(611) + 4(413) = 2455 kJ/mol

3O₂ 3 (O=O) = 3(498) = 1494 kJ/mol

Products

2 CO₂: 2 (C=O) + 4 (O=C) = 2(743) + 4(348) = 2642 kJ/mol

2 H₂O: 4 (O-H) = 4(463) = 1852 kJ/mol

Overall energy change

= Total energy of bonds broken - Total energy of bonds formed

= (2455 + 1494) - (2642 + 1852)

= -545 kJ/mol

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According to the information, in general, adding electrons to nonmetals is called reduction.

Nonmetals are elements in the periodic table that are generally not very reactive chemically.

In general, nonmetals have a low melting and boiling point, are poor conductors of heat and electricity, and have a tendency to gain electrons when they react with other elements.

Nonmetals typically form negative ions (anions) when they react with metals, which means they gain electrons.

This is called reduction, which occurs when electrons are added to an atom, reducing its oxidation state or oxidation number.

Additionally, nonmetals often form covalent bonds with other nonmetals by sharing electrons to form molecules.

This is in contrast to metals, which typically form ionic bonds by transferring electrons to form cations and anions.

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Answer:

Fuel and oxygen

Explanation: Carbon in the fuel and the oxygen from the air burns.

Answer:

the answer is C

Explanation:

Record the time to complete a chemical reaction

The step that will be part of a lab procedure is; "Record the time to complete a chemical reaction."

A lab procedure refers to something that is done in the laboratory as part of an experiment.

If we look at the options carefully, we will notice that the only thing that is part of a laboratory experiment is "Record the time to complete a chemical reaction."

This action can be carried out in a live lab procedure.

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During a routine measuring of hydrocarbon gases near an oil refinery, the concentration of ppbV in air at m pressure. If it rains that time  without information about the temperature, it is not possible to calculate the exact maximum concentration of xylene in rainwater.

To determine the maximum possible concentration of xylene in rainwater after it rains near an oil refinery, we need to use Henry’s law, which relates the concentration of a gas in a liquid to its partial pressure in the gas phase.Given that the concentration of xylene in air is given in parts per billion by volume (ppbV) and the pressure is specified as m pressure, we first need to convert the pressure to the same units as Henry’s law constant. Since 1 atm is equivalent to 1.01325 bar, we can assume the pressure is in atmospheres (atm).

Now, let’s consider the Henry’s law constant for xylene, which is given as 0.15 Mole/kg-bar. This means that at equilibrium, the concentration of xylene in the liquid (rainwater) is directly proportional to its partial pressure in the gas phase.

Since the concentration of xylene in air is given in ppbV, we can assume that it represents the partial pressure of xylene in the gas phase. Therefore, we can use the given concentration of xylene in air to calculate the maximum possible concentration in rainwater using Henry’s law and the provided Henry’s law constant. However, the temperature is not specified in the question, and Henry’s law constant can vary with temperature. Therefore, without information about the temperature, it is not possible to calculate the exact maximum concentration of xylene in rainwater.

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Answer:same direction

Explanation: