Rank these photons in terms of increasing energy:
(b) red (λ = 660 nm);

Answer:

The valence electron configuration determines the group to which an element belongs to.

Explanation:

The valence electron configuration of an atom of an element refers to the number of electrons in that atoms outermost shell.

The valence electron configuration is related to the group number of an element in that the number of electrons in the valence shell of an atom of an element determines the group to which an element belongs to. For example, all elements having one valence electron belong to group IA of the periodic table. Similarly, all elements having seven valence electrons belong to group VIIA of the periodic table.

This is because, since the reactivity of an element is related to its ability to either gain or lose a certain number of electrons in its valence shell, elements having same number of valence electrons have similar chemical properties.

Answer:

D.) Carbon Dioxide

Explanation:

Pure Substance is defined as an element or compound that cannot be separated by physical means. In this case, Carbon Dioxide is a molecule that cannot be separated without breaking a chemical bond.

Answer:

A: ozone

Explanation:

Answer:

A: ozone

Explanation:

right on EDGE 2021

The specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J/(g·°C).

The temperature change is:

ΔT = 45.0 °C - 30.0 °C = 15.0 °C

The amount of energy required is:

q = m × c × ΔT

where m is the mass of water in grams, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the temperature change in degrees Celsius.

Plugging in the values:

q = 400.0 g × 4.184 J/(g·°C) × 15.0 °C

q = 25104 J

Therefore, the answer is (c) 25100 J (rounded to two significant figures).

Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin). It is a physical property of a substance that relates the change in the internal energy of a system to the change in temperature. The heat capacity of a substance can be expressed either as specific heat capacity (the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of the substance by one degree Celsius) or as molar heat capacity (the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of the substance by one degree Celsius).

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The principle of option D. Uniformitarianism states that the physical, chemical, and biological processes at work shaping the Earth today have also operated in the

Option D. Uniformitarianism is the principle stating that the physical, chemical, and biological processes at work shaping the Earth today have also operated in the geologic past. It is based on the idea that the present is the key to the past. In other words, the same natural laws that operate in the universe today have been operating since the beginning of time.

James Hutton was the first to propose this principle in the late 18th century. He suggested that the Earth was shaped by slow-acting geological forces such as erosion, sedimentation, and uplift over long periods of time. He believed that the same processes were still happening today and that they had operated in the past.

This principle is an important concept in geology because it allows scientists to interpret the Earth's history based on the processes that they observe today. By understanding how these processes work and how they have changed over time, scientists can reconstruct the history of the Earth and its environments.

Uniformitarianism has been tested and proven through many observations and experiments. For example, the study of sedimentary rocks has shown that they were formed in the past through the same processes that are observed today, such as deposition of sediment by water, wind, or ice.

Similarly, the study of volcanoes has shown that they are formed by the same processes as today, such as the movement of magma from deep within the Earth.

In conclusion, Uniformitarianism is the principle that allows us to interpret the Earth's history by observing the processes that shape it today. It is a fundamental concept in geology and has been tested and proven through many observations and experiments.

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The preparation of bases involves several methods that are used to create substances with basic or alkaline properties are Reaction of metal with water, Reaction of metal oxide with water, Neutralization reaction, Ammonia gas dissolving in water and Partial neutralization of a strong base with a weak acid.

Reaction of metal with water: Certain metals, such as sodium or potassium, react with water to form hydroxides. For example, sodium reacts with water to produce sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

Reaction of metal oxide with water: Metal oxides, such as calcium oxide (CaO) or magnesium oxide (MgO), can be added to water to form metal hydroxides. This process is known as hydration. For instance, when calcium oxide reacts with water, it forms calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).

Neutralization reaction: Bases can be prepared by neutralizing an acid with an appropriate alkaline substance. This involves combining an acid with a base to form water and a salt. For example, mixing hydrochloric acid (HCl) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) results in the formation of water and sodium chloride (NaCl).

Ammonia gas dissolving in water: Ammonia gas (NH3) can dissolve in water to form ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), which is a weak base.

Partial neutralization of a strong base with a weak acid: Mixing a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), with a weak acid, like acetic acid (CH3COOH), results in the formation of a base with a lesser degree of alkalinity.

These methods are utilized in laboratories, industries, and various applications where bases are required, such as in the production of cleaning agents, pharmaceuticals, and chemical reactions. Each method has its own advantages and specific applications depending on the desired base and its properties.

The question was incomplete. find the full content below:

What are the various methods involved in the preparation of bases?

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Answer:

5.02 mol

Explanation:

number of mole =given mass/molar mass

Answer:

7. 1200×23.4=28080

9. = 78.512

10. =341.199

11= 7.45

12 =65.0023

13.=3400210.34

Explanation:

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This statement is false.

The energies of electrons in different shells of an atom are negative, and are typically measured in electron volts (eV), not "evev".

However, assuming that "evev" is a typographical error and the correct unit is eV, the given values for the energies of electrons in the k, l, and m shells of tungsten are:

E_k = -69,500 eV

E_l = -12,000 eV

E_m = -2,200 eV

These values are reasonable and consistent with the expected trend that the energy of an electron increases as it moves further away from the nucleus.

However, it is important to note that the negative signs indicate that these energies represent the energy required to remove an electron from the atom (i.e. ionization energy) rather than the energy of the electron itself.

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The molar mass of Ca(CN)2 = 80.1 g/mol

To find the molar mass of Ca(CN)2, we need to look up the atomic masses of each element in the compound from the periodic table and add them up.

The atomic mass of calcium (Ca) is 40.08 g/mol, the atomic mass of carbon (C) is 12.01 g/mol, and the atomic mass of nitrogen (N) is 14.01 g/mol. However, since there are two nitrogen atoms in the compound, we need to multiply the atomic mass of nitrogen by 2.

Therefore, the molar mass of Ca(CN)2 can be calculated as follows:

Molar mass of Ca(CN)2 = (atomic mass of Ca) + (atomic mass of C) + (atomic mass of N x 2)

Molar mass of Ca(CN)2 = (40.08 g/mol) + (12.01 g/mol) + (14.01 g/mol x 2)

Molar mass of Ca(CN)2 = 40.08 g/mol + 12.01 g/mol + 28.02 g/mol

Molar mass of Ca(CN)2 = 80.11 g/mol

Rounding the answer to the tenths (0.1) place, we get:

Molar mass of Ca(CN)2 = 80.1 g/mol

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The calories needed to raise the temperature of the 300 g aluminium bar are 3.3 kcal or, 3300 cal.

The specific heat capacity is the amount of heat absorbed per unit mass of the substance with a unit increase in temperature. It is useful in calculating the quantity of heat gained or lost by a sample (Q), whose formula is given by:

Q = m*c*ΔT

where, m is the sample mass; c is the specific heat capacity; and ΔT is the temperature change of the sample.

For aluminium,

m = 300 g

c = 0.22 cal/g°C

ΔT = (75-25)°C = 50°C

Therefore, from Q = m*c*ΔT

Q = 300 g * 0.22 cal/g°C * 50°C = 3300 cal = 3.3 kcal

Therefore, 3.3 kcal of energy are needed to achieve a temperature increase of 50°C.

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Answer:

Hope this helps you

Answer:

Some important achievements of chemistry includes discovery of oxygen ;Atomic Theory; Atoms Combine Into Molecules ;Synthesis of Urea; Chemical Structure ; Periodic Table of the Elements; Electricity Transforms Chemicals ; The Electron etc.

Chemistry is a field of science which deals with the chemicals present in laboratory or in our environment o related to human body also.

There are main 3 branches of chemistry that is organic and inorganic and physical chemistry some others are too like analytical chemistry ,industrial chemistry , pharmaceutical chemistry.

Organic chemistry deals with the carbon compounds and hydrogen compound inorganic chemistry deals with the elements of periodic table and pharmaceutical makes medicines for human health care. The reasons  for people to pursue discoveries in chemistry because it is the most important part of  daily life and related to the human health too.

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The complete question

Mention some important achievements of chemistry

The Lewis structure of PF3Cl2 consists of a central phosphorus atom bonded to three fluorine atoms and two chlorine atoms.

Lewis structures are used to visualize the bonding and electron distribution in molecules. They are based on the concept of valence electrons, which are the outermost electrons involved in chemical bonding. In the case of PF3Cl2, we determine the Lewis structure by considering the valence electrons of each atom.

To draw the Lewis structure for PF3Cl2, we need to consider the valence electrons of each element. Phosphorus (P) is in Group 5A and has 5 valence electrons. Fluorine (F) is in Group 7A and has 7 valence electrons, while chlorine (Cl) is in Group 7A and also has 7 valence electrons.

Starting with phosphorus, we place the central atom in the middle and surround it with the other atoms. We connect the phosphorus atom to three fluorine atoms (F) and two chlorine atoms (Cl) using single bonds. This arrangement ensures that each atom follows the octet rule, meaning they have a full valence shell of 8 electrons.

The Lewis structure for PF3Cl2 can be represented as follows:

  F

  |

Cl-P-Cl

  |

  F

In this structure, the central phosphorus (P) atom is bonded to three fluorine (F) atoms and two chlorine (Cl) atoms. Each bond is represented by a line, and lone pairs of electrons on each atom are not shown in this structure.

Overall, the Lewis structure provides a simplified representation of the molecular structure of PF3Cl2, allowing us to understand the arrangement of atoms and their bonding pattern.

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Answer:

Boron has different isotopes with different atomic masses. The relative atomic mass of boron, which is 9, is the average of the atomic masses of the isotopes

Explanation:

The relative atomic mass is indicated in terms of its heaviness compared to the parts of mass of carbon-12. The relative mass of boron is 9 means its mass relative to the mass of carbon -12 is 9 amu.

The relative atomic mass of an element is the mass relative to the mass of carbon-12 or it can be defined as the number which indicates how many times the mass of one atom of the element is heavier in comparison to (1/12)th part of the mass of one atom of carbon-12.

Usually the mass number of an atom is the sum of number of protons and number of neutrons. But the actual mass or average atomic  mass is not calculated in this way.

The actual mass is determined using mass spectroscopy. The relative atomic mass of every element is computed based on the mass of C-12 obtained from spectroscopic technique.

Thus the relative atomic mass of boron is calculated in a similar way and it is 9 amu.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The correct answer is: E = hc, where E is the energy, h is the Planck constant, and c is the speed of light. This equation is known as the Planck-Einstein equation, which relates the energy of a photon (a particle of light) to its frequency. This equation is a fundamental principle in physics and is central to many areas of modern physics, including quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and statistical mechanics. It is also used in various practical applications, such as in the calculation of energy levels in atoms and molecules.

Answer:

It can be improved by:

a) Adding METHANOL

b) Adding BUTANOL

c) Adding ETHANOL.

Explanation:

hope it helps.

Answer:

H₂CO₃

Explanation:

Water + Carbon di oxide

H20+ CO2

= H2CO3

The independent variable is the type of liquid and the dependent variable growth of the plants.

An experiment is used to establish the relationship between causes and effect in each of the following cases, let us determine the dependent and independent variable.

1) The independent variable is the type of liquid and the dependent variable growth of the plants. The constants are the plants and the land. A valid hypothesis is; "The growth of the plants depends on the type of liquid used to water the plants"

2) The independent variable is the mode of transport and the dependent variable is the time taken to reach the market. The constant is the distance covered. A valid hypothesis is; "The time taken to arrive at the grocery store depends on the mode of transport used"

3) The independent variable is the kind of app and the dependent variable is the  battery life. The constant is the phone used while the hypothesis is; "Certain apps delete the battery faster than others"

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Answer:

*Metal= iron, copper, aluminium, lead, Mercury, zinc, chromium, Nickel, gold, silver, Platinum. *Non-metal= sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen, Phosphorus, hydrogen, chlorine, Silicon, Iodine.

Explanation:

Answer:

Metal!!!

Explanation:

Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. Zinc is a slightly brittle metal at room temperature and has a blue-silvery appearance when oxidation is removed. It is the first element in group 12 (IIB) of the periodic table. Zinc (Zn), chemical element, a low-melting metal of Group 12 (IIb, or zinc group) of the periodic table, that is essential to life and is one of the most widely used metals. Zinc (Zn) is an abundant metal, found in the Earth's crust, with a myriad of industrial and biological uses. ... A base metal, zinc is primarily used to galvanize steel, a process that protects the metal against unwanted corrosion.

Answer:

Chlorination

Explanation:

"Exposure to high volumes of chlorine gas fumes can cause serious health problems, including death."

https://water.mecc.edu/courses/ENV211/lesson14_print.htm

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Answer:

6.022 x 10²³

Explanation:

602,200,000,000,000,000,000,000

start counting spots from right to left till you get 6.022

you counted 23 spots and that's the power of 10

finally 6.022 x10²³

Avogadro's number is the number of units in one mole of any given substance.

260grams

The formula for calculating the moles of NaOH is expressed as

Determine the required mass of NaOH

Hence the grams of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) you need to make 6.5 L of 1.0M solution is 260grams

The ideal gas law is PV = north, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature. At STP (standard temperature and pressure), which is defined as 0°C and 1 atm, the pressure and temperature values are fixed, and therefore we can simplify the ideal gas law to V = north/P.

The gas is at STP and is contained in a volume of 22.4 L. Therefore, we can substitute the known values into the simplified ideal gas law equation. 22.4 L = north/1 atm Rearranging the equation to solve for n, we get n = 22.4 L * 1 atm / R * 273 K where R is the gas constant 8.31 J/mol*K and 273 K is the temperature at STP. Substituting these values, we get n = 22.4 L * 1 atm / 8.31 J/mol*K * 273 K Simplifying the equation, we get n ≈ 1 Therefore, the approximate value of n according to the ideal gas law is 1. It is important to note that the ideal gas law is an approximation and assumes that the gas particles are point masses with no volume, do not interact with each other, and experience no intermolecular forces. In reality, gases deviate from the ideal gas law at high pressures and low temperatures, and the accuracy of the ideal gas law decreases as the gas approaches its condensation point. In summary, at STP in a container of 22.4 L, the approximate value of n according to the ideal gas law is 1.

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The pH of the solution is 1.60, by mixing 20.0 ml of 0.15 m hcl with 20.0 ml of 0.10 m koh.

pH = -log[H+]

Also;

mole of substance = molarity × volume in L

The moles of HCl = 0.15 × 0.02 = 0.003 moles

The moles of KOH = 0.10 × 0.02 = 0.002 moles

The solution will be acidic since the moles of HCl is greater than that of KOH.

Moles of remaining HCl [H⁺] remaining = 0.003 - 0.002 = 0.001 moles

Molarity of remaining HCl [H⁺] remaining = 0.001/0.04 = 0.025 M

Hence, [H⁺] = 0.025 M

pH = - log(0.025)

pH = 1.6

Therefore, the pH of the resulting solution is 1.60.

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The exponential function that goes through the points (0, 4) and (2, 16) is given by f(x) = 4 * 2ˣ. The remaining amount of the substance after 5 days is approximately 619.89mg.

To find the exponential function, we can use the general form of an exponential function, f(x) = Caᵡ, where C is the initial value and a is the base.

1. Using the point (0, 4):

Substituting x = 0 and f(x) = 4 into the equation, we get:

4 = C * 2⁰

4 = C * 1

C = 4

2. Using the point (2, 16):

Substituting x = 2 and f(x) = 16 into the equation, we get:

16 = 4 * 2²

16 = 4 * 4

16 = 16 (which is true)

Therefore, the exponential function that passes through the points (0, 4) and (2, 16) is f(x) = 4 * 2ˣ.

Now, let's move on to the second part of the question:

a) Rate of decay in decimal form:

Given that the radioactive substance decays at a continuous rate of 15.9% per day, we can convert this percentage to a decimal by dividing it by 100:

r = 15.9% / 100

r = 0.159

b) Remaining amount of the substance after 5 days:

We started with 280mg, so the initial amount (C) in our exponential function is 280. Using the exponential decay formula, which is f(x) = C * \(e^(rx)\), we can substitute the values into the formula:

f(5) = 280 * \(e^(0.159 * 5)\)

Using a calculator, we can evaluate the expression:

f(5) ≈ 280 * \(e^(0.795)\)

f(5) ≈ 280 * 2.216 ≈ 619.89

Rounding to two decimal places, the remaining amount of the substance after 5 days is approximately 619.89mg.

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The reason why the AgNO3 test solution was not used to test the water-insoluble but acid-soluble unknowns in part 3 of the experiment is because AgNO3 is specifically used to test for the presence of chloride ions (Cl-) in a solution.

It forms a white precipitate of silver chloride (AgCl) when it reacts with chloride ions. In part 3 of the experiment, the purpose is to test for the presence of carbonate ions (CO3^2-) and hydroxide ions (OH-) in the unknowns. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) are used for this purpose.

NaOH is used to test for the presence of hydroxide ions, as it forms a white precipitate of metal hydroxide when it reacts with hydroxide ions. Na2CO3 is used to test for the presence of carbonate ions, as it forms a white precipitate of metal carbonate when it reacts with carbonate ions.

Since AgNO3 is not relevant to testing for carbonate or hydroxide ions, it was not used in part 3 of the experiment. The specific tests and reagents used in an experiment depend on the specific ions or compounds being tested for, and in this case, AgNO3 was not needed for the purpose of identifying carbonate or hydroxide ions.

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Answer:

Chemistry, Biology, Medicine, Physics, and Geology

Answer:

Explanation:

The density of a substance can be found by using the formula

\(density = \frac{mass}{volume}\\\)

From the question we have

mass = 418.23 g

volume = 436.2 ml

\(density = \frac{418.23}{436 .2} \\ = 0.958803\)

We have the final answer as

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