cyclohexanone can be prepared by combining a Stork enamine reaction with an intramolecular aldol condensation by drawing the appropriate pyrrolidine enamine and enone precursors. The Lewis acid catalyst promotes the formation of a cyclic intermediate, which then undergoes dehydration to give the final product, cyclohexenone.
The Stork enamine reaction involves the formation of an enamine from a ketone and a secondary amine, followed by reaction with an electrophile such as an aldehyde. An intramolecular aldol condensation is a reaction in which an enolizable aldehyde or ketone undergoes self-condensation to form an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound. The key intermediates in this process are pyrrolidine enamine and enone precursors.
Here's how to prepare cyclohexanone using these reactions:
Step 1: Synthesis of Pyrrolidine Enamine A pyrrolidine enamine can be synthesized by reacting cyclohexanone with pyrrolidine and acetic anhydride. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as p-Toluenesulfonic acid. The pyrrolidine enamine is then treated with an electrophile, such as an aldehyde, to give the corresponding α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.
Step 2: Synthesis of Enone Precursor An enone precursor can be synthesized by reacting cyclohexanone with an aldehyde, such as benzaldehyde, in the presence of a base, such as sodium hydroxide. The reaction is carried out under reflux conditions to promote the formation of an enolate ion. The enolate ion then undergoes self-condensation to form an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.
Step 3: Intramolecular Aldol CondensationThe pyrrolidine enamine and enone precursor can be combined to form cyclohexenone through an intramolecular aldol condensation. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as boron trifluoride etherate.
The Lewis acid catalyst promotes the formation of a cyclic intermediate, which then undergoes dehydration to give the final product, cyclohexanone.
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What are the differences between acetic acid and ethanoic acid?
Answer:
that acetic acid is the common name, whereas ethanoic acid is the chemical name given by IUPAC for the same compound.
a lab activity requires students to insert potassium hydroxide (koh) pellets into a narrow tube to absorb carbon dioxide (co2). pellets of koh are very caustic and alkaline. which is the safest way to put the pellets into the tube? f pour the pellets directly from the supply bottle. g use fingers to transfer the pellets. h handle the pellets with paper towels. j use forceps to transfer the pellets.
The safest way to put the potassium hydroxide (KOH) pellets into the narrow tube is to use forceps to transfer the pellets. The correct option to this question is J
KOH pellets are caustic and alkaline, which means they can cause chemical burns and irritation if they come into contact with skin.
Therefore, it is important to handle them with care and avoid direct contact with them. Using forceps to transfer the pellets is the safest option because it allows for precise control without risking direct contact with the pellets.
When working with KOH pellets in a lab activity, it is important to prioritize safety and handle them properly to avoid any potential risks or harm. Using forceps to transfer the pellets is the recommended method to ensure the safety of students and prevent any accidents or mishaps.
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Helpppp ASAP DON’T GUESS
Which of the following best describe an atomic number? An element identity is defined by its atomic number this means it represents the number of
A) electrons in the element
B) protons plus neutrons in its nucleus
C)neutrons in its nucleus
D)protons in its nucleus
Answer:
d) protons in its nucleus
Explanation:
-
How different foods affect glucose levels in the body virtual lab.
Carry out the procedures outlined in the virtual lab. In your own words, summarize the steps you used to complete the virtual assignment. Explain what the test (independent) variable was, and what the outcome (dependent) variable was.
What is independent variable and dependent variable? In your own words.
Answer: this might have something to do with the pancreas
Explanation:
the pancreas produces insulin if subject a produces more insulin than subject b the reaction to the glucose will be different the pancreas breaks down the glucose into sugar and protiens hope this helps
Calculate the volume in milliliters of a M nickel(II) chloride solution that contains of nickel(II) chloride . Round your answer to significant digits.
190 milliliters is the volume of a 0.92M nickel(II) chloride solution that contains 175 mmol of nickel(II) chloride (NiCI₂).
What is Molarity ?Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1L of solution. Molarity is also known as Molar Concentration. The S.I unit of Molarity is molar (M) or mol/L.
Molarity = \(\frac{\text{Number of moles}}{\text{Volume of solution (in L)}}\)
Moles of nickel(II) chloride = 175 mmol
Molarity of the nickel(II) chloride = 0.92 M
Convert mmol into mol
1 milimol = 0.001 mol
175 mmol = 0.175 mol
Now put the value in above formula to find the volume of solution
Molarity = \(\frac{\text{Number of moles}}{\text{Volume of solution (in L)}}\)
\(0.92\ M = \frac{0.175\ mol}{\text{Volume of solution}}\)
Volume of solution = \(\frac{0.175\ mol}{0.92\ M}\)
Volume of solution = 0.1902 L
Convert L into mL
1 L = 1000 mL
0.1902 L = 0.1902 × 1000 mL
= 190.2 mL
≈ 190 mL
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that 190 milliliters is the volume of a 0.92M nickel(II) chloride solution that contains 175 mmol of nickel(II) chloride (NiCI₂).
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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.
Question: Calculate the volume in milliliters of a 0.92M nickel(II) chloride solution that contains 175 mmol of nickel(II) chloride (NiCI₂). Round your answer to significant digits.
Which describes a cell after diffusion?
A. The concentration inside the cell is greater than outside
B. The concentration is the same inside and outside the cell
C. The concentration outside the cell is greater than inside
The concentration inside the cell is greater than outside describes a cell after diffusion. Therefore, the correct option is option A among all the given options.
What is diffusion?Diffusion is regarded a passive mode of cellular transport in biology since it does not require additional energy to occur. It is the primary mode of transport for vital chemicals (such as amino acids) between cells. It is necessary for the production of energy via respiration and photosynthesis.
Some chemicals, referred to as "simple diffusion," are not controlled by the cell's own proteins. membrane. It is found in substances with low molecular weight, such as water, gasses and fat-soluble compounds. The concentration inside the cell is greater than outside describes a cell after diffusion.
Therefore, the correct option is option A.
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Lara’s chemistry teacher has a decorative metal cube on her desk. The underside of the cube indicates that is made of stainless steel. However, Lara thinks it is too heavy to be this metal. She researches the density of stainless steel and finds it is 7.85g/cm³. She carries out this experiment to verify if the cube is actually made of stainless steel.
Answer:
D: 4, 5
Explanation:
Convert the following . Show your work for full credit.( 2pts each: 16 pts)
1. 2 inches = _______________mm
2. 7 lb = _________________g
3. 3 ft.= _________________cm
4. 16 gallons = _________________L
5. 457° C = ____________________° F
6. 104° F = ____________________° C
7. 4 inches = __________________ cm
8. 57kg = ___________________lbs.
The charge is affected by (more than 1 may be correct)
a. protons
b.mass
c.electrons
d.neutrons
Answer:
protons and electrons
Explanation:
protons give off a positive charge and electrons give off a negative charge
.Which statement about transition elements is correct?A Their soluble salts usually form coloured aqueous solutions. B They are all in the same group of the Periodic Table. C They are non-metals with high melting points. D They can be mixed together to form compounds
Answer:
A Their soluble salts usually form coloured aqueous solutions
Calculate the volume of a sample of iron that has a density of 6.8 g/mL and a mass of 6780 mg.
Answer:
m= 6780mg = 6.78g = 6.8g
d= 6.8g/ml
V= m/d
V= 1ml
The mass In grams of fluorine in a sample of MgF 2 that contains 20.1 grams of magnesium is:A)10.6 grams B)6.4 grams C)42.4 grams D)16.5 grams
1. In order to answer this one and the next one, we will use mass percentage as our guide, since every compound has a mass percentage for each element, and this is found by checking the total mass and the separate masses of each element, for example, MgF2, the mass percentage is 39% for Mg and 61% for F2, this is due to their molar mass, 24g for Mg and 38g for F2
We have 27.1 g of Mg, and this will always correspond for 39% of the total mass of the compound, so we can do the following math:
100% = x
39% = 27.1g
x = 69.5 grams is the total mass of MgF2, now we only have to subtract the value of Mg and then we will have F2
69.5 - 27.1 = 42.4 grams, this is the mass of Fluorine
2. The same step by step from the previous question, 36% of the total mass is Al and 64% is S, but this question has a little difference, now we have the mass of the compound, but the process is very similar
100% = 50.2 grams
64% = x grams
x = 32.1 grams, which can be considered as letter A
the entropy change for the reaction of 2.33 moles of nh4no3(aq) at this temperature would be
The entropy change for the reaction of 2.33 moles of \(NH_{4}NO_{3}\)(aq) at this temperature is 394.3 J/K. The entropy change can be calculated using the equation ΔS = ΣnS(products) - ΣnS(reactants).
For the reaction of 2.33 moles of \(NH_{4} NO_{3}\)(aq), the balanced chemical equation is: \(NH_{4} NO_{3}\) (aq) → \(N_{2}\) (g) + \(2H_{2}O\) (l)
The molar entropy values for \(NH_{4} NO_{3}\) (aq), \(N_{2}\) (g), and \(2H_{2}O\) (l) can be found in a table of thermodynamic data. Using these values, we can calculate the entropy change for the reaction:
ΔS = (1 mol \(N_{2}\) × 191.5 J/mol·K) + (2 mol \(H_{2}O\) × 69.9 J/mol·K) - (2.33 mol \(NH_{4} NO_{3}\) × 114.1 J/mol·K)
ΔS = 394.3 J/K
Therefore, the entropy change for the reaction of 2.33 moles of \(NH_{4} NO_{3}\)(aq) at this temperature is 394.3 J/K. This indicates an increase in disorder or randomness in the system, which is consistent with the products being in a more disordered state than the reactants.
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Please answer my questions. I really need them soon. I will post the links for other questions in the comments.
Explanation:
option option B is the correct answer of given statement helium-4(He)=2
a+compound+contains+40.0%+c,+6.71%+h,+and+53.29%+o+by+mass.+the+molecular+weight+of+the+compound+is+60.05+amu.+the+molecular+formula+(mf)+of+this+compound+is+________.
To determine the molecular formula of the compound, we need to calculate the empirical formula first.
The empirical formula gives the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in the compound.
1. Start by assuming we have 100 grams of the compound. This assumption allows us to work with percentages as grams directly.
2. Determine the number of grams of each element in the compound based on their percentages:
- Carbon (C): 40.0 grams
- Hydrogen (H): 6.71 grams
- Oxygen (O): 53.29 grams
3. Convert the grams of each element to moles by dividing by their respective atomic masses:
- Carbon (C): 40.0 g / 12.01 g/mol = 3.33 moles
- Hydrogen (H): 6.71 g / 1.008 g/mol = 6.65 moles
- Oxygen (O): 53.29 g / 16.00 g/mol = 3.33 moles
4. Divide each of the moles by the smallest number of moles obtained in step 3 (in this case, 3.33 moles) to get the simplest ratio:
- Carbon (C): 3.33 moles / 3.33 moles = 1 mole
- Hydrogen (H): 6.65 moles / 3.33 moles = 2 moles
- Oxygen (O): 3.33 moles / 3.33 moles = 1 mole
5. Use the whole number ratio obtained in step 4 to write the empirical formula:
- The empirical formula is CH2O.
Now, we need to find the molecular formula by determining the factor by which the empirical formula has to be multiplied to get the molecular weight.
6. Calculate the empirical formula weight by summing the atomic masses of the elements in the empirical formula:
- Carbon (C): 1 atom x 12.01 g/mol = 12.01 g/mol
- Hydrogen (H): 2 atoms x 1.008 g/mol = 2.016 g/mol
- Oxygen (O): 1 atom x 16.00 g/mol = 16.00 g/mol
The empirical formula weight = 12.01 g/mol + 2.016 g/mol + 16.00 g/mol = 30.026 g/mol.
7. Divide the molecular weight of the compound (given as 60.05 amu) by the empirical formula weight (30.026 g/mol) to find the factor:
- Factor = Molecular weight / Empirical formula weight
- Factor = 60.05 amu / 30.026 g/mol = 1.999 ≈ 2
8. Multiply the subscripts in the empirical formula by the factor obtained in step 7 to determine the molecular formula:
- Carbon (C): 1 x 2 = 2
- Hydrogen (H): 2 x 2 = 4
- Oxygen (O): 1 x 2 = 2
The molecular formula is C2H4O2.
Therefore, the molecular formula of the compound is C2H4O2.
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The resistance of a thermometer is 5 ohm at 25 degree Celsius and 6 2 at 50 degree Celsius. Using linear approximation, calculate the value of resistance temperature coefficient at 45 degree Celsius.
The approximate resistance value at 45 degrees Celsius is around 5.8 ohms.
To calculate the value of the resistance temperature coefficient at 45 degrees Celsius using linear approximation, we can use the formula:
R(T) = R0 + α(T - T0),
where R(T) is the resistance at temperature T, R0 is the resistance at a reference temperature T0, α is the resistance temperature coefficient, and (T - T0) is the temperature difference.
Given that the resistance at 25 degrees Celsius is 5 ohms (R0 = 5) and the resistance at 50 degrees Celsius is 6 ohms (R(T) = 6), we can calculate the value of α.
6 = 5 + α(50 - 25),
Simplifying the equation:
1 = 25α,
Therefore, α = 1/25 = 0.04 ohm/degree Celsius.
Using the linear approximation, we can approximate the value of the resistance at 45 degrees Celsius:
R(45) = 5 + 0.04(45 - 25) = 5 + 0.04(20) = 5 + 0.8 = 5.8 ohms.
Therefore, the value of the resistance at 45 degrees Celsius is approximately 5.8 ohms.
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calculate the change in the molar gibbs energy of a perfect gas when it expands isothermally at a temperature of -59.6 °c from a molar volume of 1.54 dm3 to a molar volume of 63.16 dm3.
The change in the molar Gibbs energy of a perfect gas when it expands isothermally can be calculated using the formula ΔG = nRTln(V2/V1), where n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, V1 is the initial molar volume, and V2 is the final molar volume.
In this case, n = 1 (since we are dealing with molar Gibbs energy), R = 8.314 J/mol·K, T = -59.6 °C + 273.15 = 213.55 K, V1 = 1.54 dm3, and V2 = 63.16 dm3. Plugging in these values into the formula, we get:
ΔG = (1)(8.314)(213.55)ln(63.16/1.54)
ΔG = 1801.6ln(40.99)
ΔG = 1801.6(3.714)
ΔG = 6692.2 J/mol
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What is the number of protons for 2^1H?
what's thermodynamics? explain in brief.
Answer:
study of the relations between heat, work, temperature, and energy
Explanation:
Thermodynamics is the study of the relations between heat, work, temperature, and energy. The laws of thermodynamics describe how the energy in a system changes and whether the system can perform useful work on its surroundings.
Help please I need helpppp
Answer:
z
Explanation:
I NEED HELP ASAP RIGHT NOW PLEASE
Answer:
I think it's C or D Sorry if I'm Wrong
Explanation:
it just makes the most sense to me
An aqueous solution of potassium iodide turns from colourless to brown.
What happens to the iodide ions?
A.)lodide ions are oxidised due to gain of electrons
B.)lodide ions are oxidised due to loss of electrons.
C.)lodide ions are reduced due to loss of electrons.
D.)lodide ions are reduced due to gain of electrons.
Answer:B
Explanation:
It’s pretty obvious lol
Indique el valor de los números n,l,m y s para el último electrón de ₇N.(1 pt c/u) n = _____ l = _____ m = _____ s =_____
Answer:
n = 2
l = 1
m = 1
s = +1/2
Explanation:
₇N tiene la configuración electrónica;
1s2 2s2 2p3
Esto implica que este último electrón tiene los siguientes números cuánticos;
n = 2
l = 1
m = 1
s = +1/2
Este último electrón estará en un orbital de 2pz como lo muestran los números cuánticos enumerados anteriormente.
why is time an independent variable
Which of the following groups was not excluded from the original construction of the American political system?
White Women
Wealthy Land-Owning White Males
Native Americans
Formerly Enslaved Blacks
2). Which of the following political ideologies emphasizes the idea that the government should take a "hands-off" approach in most if not all matters of economic prosperity.
None of the Provided Responses are Correct
Democratic Socialism
Libertarianism
Liberalism
Conservatism
3). While largely not known, ideals drawn from __________ played a role in the development of the U.S. Constitution and the American Political System.
The Greeks
The Iroquois Confederacy
The Ancient Athenians
The Roman Republic
1. White Women was not excluded from the original construction of the American political system. The correct option is (A) White Women.
Among the groups that were not excluded from the original construction of the American political system were white women, wealthy land-owning white males, and, to some extent, formerly enslaved blacks. Native Americans, on the other hand, were excluded and treated as second-class citizens.
2. Libertarianism emphasizes the idea that the government should take a "hands-off" approach in most if not all matters of economic prosperity. The correct option is (C) Libertarianism. Libertarianism is a political ideology that emphasizes the importance of individual freedom, limited government intervention, and free-market capitalism. It is an ideology that is diametrically opposed to socialism and believes that the government should not interfere in people's lives unless it is absolutely necessary.
3. The Iroquois Confederacy played a role in the development of the U.S. Constitution and the American Political System. The correct option is (B) The Iroquois Confederacy. The Iroquois Confederacy, a native North American tribe, was known for its confederate government system, which inspired the U.S. Constitution's framers.
The idea of a representative government, checks and balances, and the division of powers were all influenced by the Iroquois Confederacy.
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a mixture of ch4 (g) and c2h6 (g) has a total pressure of 0.53 atm. just enough o2 was added to the mixture to bring about it's complete combustion to co2 (g) and h2o (g). the total pressure of the two product gases is found to be 2.2 atm. assuming constant volume and temperature, find the mole fraction of ch4 in the original mixture.
the mole fraction of \(CH_4\) in the original mixture is 0.73 = 73%.
How do we calculate?Total pressure of the mixture = 0.53 atm
Total pressure of the product gases = 2.2 atm
The combustion equation for \(CH_4\) is given as :
\(CH_4\)(g) + \(2O_2\)(g) -> \(CO_2\)(g) + \(2H_2O\)(g)
We then apply Dalton's law of partial pressures, and write
Pressure of \(CO_2\) + Pressure of \(H_2O\) = Pressure of product
x + Pressure of \(H_2O\) = Pressure of product
x + Pressure of \(H_2O\) = 2.2 atm
the mole fraction and the partial pressure relationship is :
2x = Pressure of \(H_2O\)
x + 2x = 2.2 atm
3x = 2.2 atm
x = 2.2 atm / 3
x = 0.73
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When both the pressure and the absolute temperature of an ideal gas are increased each by a factor of two, the volume occupied by the gas will?
The gas will continue to occupy the same volume.
Absolute temperature is exactly proportional to kinetic energy; it is independent of the characteristics of any given substance.
What is absolute temperature?
Using the Kelvin scale, where 0 is absolute zero, absolute temperature is measured. The zero point is the temperature where matter's particles move the least and cannot get any colder.
The Kelvin scale's absolute zero represents the starting point for measuring absolute temperature. The study of thermodynamics is one scenario in which one might utilize absolute temperature as a unit of measurement. temperature measured on the Rankine or Kelvin scales starting from absolute zero.
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If Liquid diethyl ether (AHvap = 26.5 kJ/mol) is poured into a beaker on a humid day, the ether will evaporate, and frost will form on the beaker. Construct an explanation for the process.
In comparison to the greater hydrogen bonding in ethanol, diethyl ether molecules are bound together by weak dispersion forces. As a result, one mole of diethyl ether takes less heat to vapourize than one mole of ethanol.
Is diethyl ether a more volatile substance than water?The vapour pressure of diethyl ether at these temperatures is more than 20 times that of water, indicating its volatility.
Diethyl Ether, CH3CH2OCH2CH3, is a highly flammable organic solvent that was also revealed to be one of the earliest anaesthetics. Because it boils at 34.6°C, just below the typical human body temperature, ether evaporates quickly. Since its vapour is denser than air, ether fumes tend to sink into the atmosphere.
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Which subatomic particles are included when calculating
an atom's atomic mass? *
Alpha Centauri IS
star that is about the same size as the IS Sun. John is using tennis balls to model how the Sun and Alpha
Centauri appear from Earth. He places one tennis ball one meter to his right to model the Sun. He places another tennis ball ten
meters to his left to model Alpha Centauri.
What does John notice about the tennis ball that is ten meters to his left?
es
It looks wider than the other tennis ball.
BI
It looks smaller than the other tennis ball
It looks different in color than the other tennis ball
It looks different in shape than the other tennis ball
Answer:
it looks smaller for sure ^_^