Since the cornea has no blood supply, oxygen diffusion rates are very important for eye health, particularly when designing contact lenses. The cornea of a human eye has a typical thickness of 5.08×10
−4
m. The mass concentration of dissolved O
2
in tears is 3.89×10
−2
g L, which is 2.82 times higher than in the aqueous humor within the eye. If a total of 1.69×10
−14
kg of O
2
diffuses through the cornea each minute, what is the diffusion coefficient, D, of the cornea? Treat the cornea as the surface of a perfect hemisphere with a diameter of 1.142×10
−2
m, and give your answer in units of m
2
s
−1
. Calculate your answer in SCIENTIFIC e-NOTATION, correct to three significant figures. Don't include spaces or power signs (i.e. " ∧").
Answers
the diffusion coefficient of the cornea is approximately 2.617×10^(-9) m^2/s (in scientific notation, correct to three significant figures).
To calculate the diffusion coefficient of the cornea, we can use Fick's first law of diffusion, which states that the rate of diffusion is proportional to the surface area, the concentration difference, and the diffusion coefficient.
The formula is:
Rate of diffusion = (Diffusion coefficient) * (Surface area) * (Concentration difference)
Let's calculate the surface area of the cornea. Since the cornea is treated as the surface of a perfect hemisphere, the formula for the surface area of a hemisphere is:
Surface area of hemisphere = 2 * π * r^2
Given that the diameter of the cornea is 1.142×\(10^(-2)\) m, the radius (r) is half the diameter, so r = 1.142×10^(-2) m / 2 = 5.71×\(10^(-3)\) m.
The surface area of the cornea is:
Surface area = 2 * π * \((5.71×10^(-3) m)^2\)
Now let's calculate the concentration difference. The concentration of dissolved O2 in tears is 3.89×1) 0^(-2g/L, which is 2.82 times higher than in the aqueous humor within the eye. Therefore, the concentration in the aqueous humor is:
Concentration in aqueous humor = (3.89×\(10^(-2)\) g/L) / 2.82
Next, we need to convert the concentration to kg/m^3. Since 1 L of water has a mass of 1 kg, we can directly convert the concentration from g/L to kg/m^3.
Concentration in aqueous humor = (3.89×\(10^(-2)\)g/L) / 2.82 * (1 kg / 1000 g) * (1000 L / \(1 m^3)\)
Now we can plug in the given values and solve for the diffusion coefficient:
1.69×10^(-14) kg/min = D * (2 * π * (5.71×\(10^(-3\)) m)^2) * [(3.89×\(10^(-2)\) g/L) / 2.82 * (1 kg / 1000 g) * (1000 L /\(1 m^3\))]
Let's convert the rate of diffusion from kg/min to kg/s:
1.69×\(10^(-14)\) kg/min = 1.69×\(10^(-14)\) kg/min * (1 min / 60 s) = 2.82×\(10^(-16)\)kg/s
Now we can rearrange the equation to solve for the diffusion coefficient (D):
D =\((2.82×10^(-16)\) kg/s) / [2 * π *\((5.71×10^(-3) m)^2\) * \([(3.89×10^(-2)\)g/L) / 2.82 * (1 kg / 1000 g) * (1000 L /\(1 m^3\))]]
Calculating the above expression gives us:
D ≈ 2.617×\(10^(-9) m^2\)/s
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Related Questions
.What can be done while sculpting shorter uniform lengths to maintain equal distance from the head
Change palm position
Project lengths at the opposite angle
Visually assess the lengths in natural fall
Extend little finger and wrest it on the scalp
Answers
When sculpting shorter uniform lengths, there are several things that can be done to maintain an equal distance from the head.
Firstly, changing the palm position can help to ensure that the hair is cut at a consistent length. Additionally, projecting lengths at the opposite angle can provide a better perspective on the hair's length. It's also important to visually assess the lengths in their natural fall to ensure that they are even. Finally, extending the little finger and resting it on the scalp can help to maintain a consistent distance from the head while cutting. These techniques can all be used to ensure that the hair is cut evenly and at the desired length.
To maintain equal distance from the head while sculpting shorter uniform lengths, you can:
1. Change palm position: Adjust your palm position to ensure proper control and maintain a consistent angle while cutting the hair.
2. Visually assess the lengths in natural fall: Regularly check the hair lengths in their natural fall to ensure uniformity and maintain the desired distance from the head.
3. Extend little finger and rest it on the scalp: Using your little finger as a guide, rest it on the scalp while cutting to maintain a consistent distance from the head.
These techniques will help you achieve a more precise and uniform haircut.
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lichen are braindicator, why?
Answers
Answer:
Lichens can be found on rocks, trees, bare dirt, metal, and concrete, as well as in natural and man-made habitats. Because they get all of their nutrition from the air, they are sensitive to pollution, making them valuable as indicator species.
Explanation:
which is the method of estimating fish in a pond
Answers
Explanation:
There is a popular sampling method called capture – recapture or 'Lincoln Index' or 'Pieterson's Method' which is used to estimate the size of an animal or human population.
ABC
1. The model is missing two labels. Locate where each of the following processes are being illustrated and
label them on the diagram. Write a short description of the processes.
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is : photosynthesis (between plant and the atmospheric CO2) and cellular respiration (between deer and the atmospheric CO2).
Explanation:
1. photosynthesis
Plants and photosynthetic organisms such as few bacteria and algae in the presence of sunlight to combine carbon dioxide (C02) from the atmosphere with water (H2O) to form food in the form of sugars/carbohydrates. These end products of the process store energy. This process is known as photosynthesis.
2. Cellular respiration
It is a somewhat inverted process of photosynthesis as cellular respiration requires oxygen and releases CO2 in the atmosphere. It is the released oxygen that is used by most other organisms for cellular respiration
What are agents that can cause infection
and disease?
Answers
Answer:
A variety of microorganisms can cause disease. Pathogenic organisms are of five main types: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and worms. Some common pathogens in each group are listed in the column on the right. Infectious agents can grow in various body compartments, as shown schematically in Fig.
Explanation:
11. List two physical properties of soil.
list three conditions necessary for the germination of seed.
E.P BETHEL INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL- ACCRA NEWTOWN
END OF SECOND TERM EXAMINATION- 2020
INTEGRATED SCIENCE-JHS ONE
SECTION B (ESSAY) 6OMARKS
Answer any four questions in this section. Each complete question carries 15 marks.
2. a. i. State the reasons why some seeds are nursed.
(3mar
(2mar
(1x3.
(2mc
(2m
b. I. List three (3) conditions necessary for the germination of seed.
ii. State two functions of roots.
'c. (1) What is dispersal of seeds?
(11) State two characteristics of seeds dispersed by wind.
3. a. Apiece of stone has a mass of 360g. When it is put into water in a glass,
the level of water rises from 60.0cm to 90.0cm.Calculate the density of
(3r
(5
the stone.
b. i. List three benefits of vegetables to humans.
ii. Give two reasons why soil air is important.
c. 1. Define the term soil profile.
ii. State two ways in which soil profile is important in crop production
Answers
Answer:
Number 11 is the soil color and the soil texture.
Number 2.a.i. is to protect the seeds from harsh weather conditions e.g. sunlight rainfall etc.
b. water, oxygen and warmth
c.1) Seed dispersal is the scattering of seeds from a mother plant to new areas.
11) Seeds dispersed by wind have wing like structures.
Seeds dispersed by wind are light.
3a. Density=Mass/Volume
=360g/60cm³ then cancel zero and zero then cancel by 6 once by 36÷6 we get 6g/cm³
3bi)Vegetables are a source of food to humans.
Vegetables provide herbal medicine to humans.
ii)Plants require oxygen for germination.
Organisms in soil require air to breathe.
3c)Soil profile is the verticle arrangement of layers from top to bottom.
3d)It helps a farmer to know the fertility of the soil.
Explanation:
Explain how form and function are related in human cells, including examples. Use at least five sentences in your answer. The shape of a cellular structure is related to the function they have perform
Compare and contrast epithelial and muscle tissues. Use at least three sentences in your answer.
Answers
Explanation:
Form and function are intimately related in human cells. The shape and structure of cellular components are often specifically designed to carry out their respective functions effectively. For example, red blood cells are disc-shaped with a concave center, which increases their surface area for efficient oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. Neurons have long, branching extensions called dendrites and axons, allowing them to transmit electrical signals over long distances.
Epithelial tissues are composed of closely packed cells that form protective barriers and linings in the body. They cover external surfaces (such as the skin) and line internal organs and cavities (such as the digestive tract). In contrast, muscle tissues consist of cells that are specialized for contraction and movement. There are three types of muscle tissues: skeletal muscle, responsible for voluntary movements; cardiac muscle, found in the heart; and smooth muscle, which controls involuntary movements in organs like the intestines.
Epithelial tissues primarily function in protection, absorption, and secretion. They have tightly packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix. In contrast, muscle tissues are specialized for contraction and movement. They contain long, elongated cells (muscle fibers) that can generate force. Skeletal muscle is striated and allows for voluntary movements, while cardiac and smooth muscles have different structures and functions specific to their respective roles in the body.
In summary, the relationship between form and function is evident in human cells. Cellular structures are designed with specific shapes and arrangements to perform their functions efficiently. Epithelial tissues provide protective barriers and linings, while muscle tissues enable contraction and movement. Understanding the relationship between form and function helps us appreciate the intricate design of cells and tissues in the human body.
PLSSS HELP IF YOU TURLY KNOW THISS
Answers
Answer:
D, Grass
Explanation:
Photosynthesis.
Mitosis Inquiry Activity (10 points) 1) In the space below, sketch your group consensus pictures then write the verbal interpretation, percent of cells and name to use for each stage. Snip/Sketch,,Verbal Interpretation,Name of phase,Percent of cells
Answers
Answer:
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Explanation:
Mitosis is a type of cell division in which a single mature parent cell is divided into two daughter cells having double number of chromosomes and identical to parent cell. There are four phases of mitosis which are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase phase, chromatin condenses into chromosomes. During prophase phase, the chromosomes of the cell align themselves in the middle of the cell. During prophase phase, During prophase phase, the splitting of chromosomes occur and the separated chromosomes goes to the opposite poles of the cell. During telophase, it results in the production of two nonidentical daughter cells.
Which is a goal of the Human Genome Project?
to identify the 3 billion genes that comprise the human genome
to sequence the genome of every living individual
to address the ethical consequences of genomic research
to measure the length of human DNA
Answers
Answer:
Answer is C - to address the ethical consequences of genomic research
:)
Answer:
The answer is C
Explanation:
Got it right
.Which of the following statements about the phosphorus cycle is TRUE?
A. Phosphorus moves from the earth into the atmosphere during volcanic eruptions.
B. Excess phosphorus that enters freshwater ecosystems from fertilizer runoff and from sewage does cause excessive algae growth.
C. Cellular respiration is an important metabolic process that moves phosphorus from the atmosphere into living organisms in the phosphorus cycle.
D. The burning of fossil fuels results in the emission of a sulfur-containing gas that contribute yo acid rain containing gas that contributes to acid rain.
Answers
Excess phosphorus that enters freshwater ecosystems from fertilizer runoff and sewage can indeed cause excessive algae growth, leading to a phenomenon known as eutrophication. Statement B is true.
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant and algal growth, and when there is an abundance of phosphorus available in aquatic ecosystems, it can trigger the rapid growth and proliferation of algae.
Fertilizers used in agriculture often contain high levels of phosphorus, and when these fertilizers are washed off the land through runoff, they can enter nearby freshwater bodies such as lakes, rivers, and streams. Similarly, phosphorus can enter freshwater ecosystems through sewage and wastewater discharge.
When excess phosphorus enters the water, it acts as a nutrient source for algae. Algae multiply rapidly in response to the increased availability of phosphorus, forming algal blooms. These algal blooms can have detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems.
As the algae die and decompose, bacteria consume oxygen during the decomposition process, leading to a depletion of dissolved oxygen in the water. This can result in the death of other aquatic organisms, leading to imbalances in the ecosystem.
In summary, excess phosphorus from fertilizer runoff and sewage can cause excessive algae growth in freshwater ecosystems, contributing to eutrophication and negatively impacting the balance and health of the aquatic environment. Therefore, statement B is true.
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10
(12
13
14
(15
16
(18)
19
Question 6 D
Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is the pumping of highly pressurized water with a mixture of sand and chericals into boreholes to
A create cracks within the rock in order to provide pathways for the release of gas and oil
B) pulverize the rock in order to let gas and oil rise through the soil horizons
creopen old mine shafts, from which gas and oil can be collected
D
create seismic movement and artificial earthquakes in order to liberate gas and oil
E
supersaturate the rock with the fracking fluid, which scrubs gas and oil from the rock by abrasion
Answers
Option A. In order to transfer oil and natural gas to the well bore, hydraulic fracturing works to generate a network of interconnected fractures that act as pore spaces.
Pumping highly pressurised water into boreholes with a solution of sand and chemicals to fracture rocks is known as hydraulic fracturing, or fracking.
Fluid fracturing
Through the use of pressurised fluids, rock formations are fractured during hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, hydro fracking, and hydro fracturing. To make fissures in rocks, highly pressurised water is pumped into boreholes together with a solution of sand and chemicals. This offers a route for natural gas to exit.
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The job of Coenzyme A is to ...
HELPPPP MAKE SURE IT CORRECT
bond to ATP to allow it to enter the Krebs Cycle.
to bond to the 2-carbon molecule so it can enter the Krebs Cycle.
to bond to NADH to allow it to enter the Krebs Cycle.
to bond to FADH2 to allow it to enter the Krebs Cycle.
Answers
An example of homeostasis in living organisms is.............a. cooling effect resulting from evaporation of water from the body surfaceb. root hairs of a plant growing towards a source of light c. changing of the body color of a chameleon to match the color of the foliage on which it is restingd. the release of phosphorus into the phloem of a plant growing in a phosphorus deficient soil.
Answers
An example of homeostasis in living organisms is: cooling effect resulting from evaporation of water from the body surface, this keeps the body temperature constant in optimal values for a proper physiological functioning.
the correct answer is option a.
Describe how the phospholipid bilayer regulates the permeability of the cell membrane
Answers
Answer:The phospholipids are arranged in a bilayer with the hydrophobic tails facing inward. The tails are packed tightly together, thus preventing any large molecules from diffusing through.
Explanation:
Why is this a good root to describe
pseudo stratified columnar epithelium? |
Answers
What is mRNA stability and what does this have to do with regulation of gene expression
Answers
mRNA stability refers to the amount of elements known as cis-elements, which interacts with RNA binding proteins, whose functions are to inhibit or enhance mRNA decay. This means that the stability of mRNA guarantees a good regulation of gene expression and prevents the expression of defectuos genes, known in many diseases.
The scientist Konstantin Mereschkowsky knew in the early 1900s that plants make their own food by using sunlight. He also saw tiny parts in plants called chloroplasts that do not appear in any animals. He hypothesized that chloroplasts are what help plants make food. After many more observations of all types of plants and animals, scientists are convinced today that chloroplasts make food for plants.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:c
Answer:
c
Explanation:
the glomerulus is a unique high-pressure capillary bed because the
Answers
The glomerulus is a unique high-pressure capillary bed in the kidneys. This filtration bed is considered high pressure due to the type of vessels feeding and draining it. The afferent arteriole feeding the glomerulus is larger in diameter than the efferent arteriole draining the bed.
This anatomical characteristic makes the blood entering the bed to be under high pressure and leaves the bed under lower pressure. This pressure differential between the two arterioles forces fluids and solutes through the walls of the capillaries and into the urinary tubules for further filtration. Therefore, the larger diameter of the afferent arteriole provides a higher volume of blood under higher pressure to the glomerulus, increasing the efficiency of the filtration. The smaller diameter of the efferent arteriole slows the blood flow, increasing the pressure inside the capillaries and maintaining the high pressure in the bed. This anatomical feature provides a unique and efficient filtration mechanism to the kidneys.
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complete question: The glomerulus is a unique high-pressure capillary bed, because the ______ arteriole feeding it is larger in diameter than the ______ arteriole draining the bed.
The scenario shows a distribution of plant height from genetically identical individuals plotted as a function of temperature. Check all that apply.
a. Temperature influences the growth of plants.
b. The genotype of the plant is likely altered by the environment.
c. The environment likely impacts the expression of genes important to plant height.
d. Plants grow well at 40oC.
e. Despite having the identical genetics the phenotype of organisms show continuous variation with respect to the environment.
Answers
Scenarios showing the distribution of plant heights of genetically identical individuals are plotted as a function of temperature.
a. Temperature influences the growth of plants.c. The environment likely impacts the expression of genes important to plant height.e. Despite having identical genetics, the phenotype of organisms shows continuous variation with respect to the environment.If the minimum ambient temperature then the plant will not grow. The optimum temperature will cause the growth rate to be high, while the temperature above the maximum will result in the plant not experiencing growth and the plant will die if it cannot adapt to stress.
An environment that affects genes is an environment that is not good for overall health, such as pollutants that are too high, temperatures that are too high, or nutrients that can affect gene formation.
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4. Exercise 3.4. Genetic Testing and Insurance Prices. Suppose the likelihood that a person will get disease X is determined in large part (but not exclusively) by his or her genes. Initially, it Is impossible to determine who carries the gene for the disease, and many people spend $500 on special health insurance to cover the costs of treatment for the disease. Suppose scientists uncover the gene responsible for the disease and develop a simple test for the gene. (Related to Application 3.) a. Suppose the government passes a law that prevents insurance companies from getting the results of a customer's genetic test for X. Will the new price of X insurance be greater that or less than $500 ? b. Suppose insurance companies have access to the results of genetic tests and they require all customers to get the test. How will the insurance company change its price of X insurance?
Answers
The first scenario's price of X insurance will be greater than $500, while the second scenario's price of X insurance depends on the results of the genetic test.
a) If the government passes a law that prevents insurance companies from getting the results of a customer's genetic test for X, the new price of X insurance will be greater than $500.
b) If insurance companies have access to the results of genetic tests and they require all customers to get the test, the insurance company will change its price of X insurance as follows: if the test shows that a customer has the gene, the insurance company will raise the price of insurance to $800 to cover the expected treatment cost of $10,000 (with probability 1). In contrast, if the test shows that a customer does not have the gene, then the insurance company will lower the price of insurance to $100 to cover only administrative costs, assuming there is no risk of developing the disease.
According to these two scenarios, the first scenario's price of X insurance will be greater than $500, while the second scenario's price of X insurance depends on the results of the genetic test.
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From top to bottom, what is the correct order of the layers of cells in a leaf?
1.the epidermis, guard cells, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, and epidermis again
2.xylem, phloem, guard cells, spongy mesophyll
3.the epidermis, spongy mesophyll, palisade mesophyll, and epidermis again
4.the epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, and epidermis again
Answers
The layers of cells in a leaf should be in this order from top to bottom.
cuticle - epidermis - palisade mesophyll - spongy mesophyll- epidermis - cuticle
What is a cuticle and what does it do?The cuticle is widely known for its roles as a diffusion barrier limiting water and solute transport across the apoplast and for protecting the plant from mechanical and chemical damage, pest and disease attack, as well as these other threats.
What function does the plant epidermis serve?The protective tissue known as the epidermis covers the entire plant's surface and shields the beneath tissues from harm.
What are spongy mesophyll and palisade?Palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll are the two forms of mesophyll cells found in dicotyledonous leaves. Spongy mesophyll cells are internal to the lower epidermis, whereas palisade mesophyll cells are elongate and form a layer beneath the upper epidermis.learn more about layers of cells in leaf here https://brainly.com/question/13929978
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Look at the following, and decide if they are carbohydrates or not.
A. C4H8C4
B. C12H12C4
C. CóH1206
D. C4H2020
Answers
Answer:
A. C4H8C4 - NOT
B. C12H12C4 - NOT
C. CóH1206 - yes
D. C4H2020 - NOT
Explanation:
Carbohydrates are one of macro molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. These are essential molecule as they provide nutrition and makes structural component in plants too.
The ration of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen is similar in almost every sugar or carbohydrate which is 1:2:1, one carbon molecule and one oxygen molecule per two molecule of hydrogen.
In choice A, and B have no oxygen molecule so they can not be carbohydrate, where as D have inappropriate ration in comparison to the carbohydrates.
Thus, the correct answer is :
A. C4H8C4 - NOT
B. C12H12C4 - NOT
C. CóH1206 - yes
D. C4H2020 - NOT
Describe the PCR technique. What macromolecules can be amplified
by PCR? Explain.
2 What is the BXP007 Locus alleles
Answers
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a molecular biology technique used to amplify specific segments of DNA. It involves a series of temperature cycles that enable the selective replication of a target DNA region.
The process begins with denaturation, where the DNA template is heated to separate the double strands. Then, a pair of DNA primers, complementary to the target sequence, bind to the separated strands. Next, DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands using the primers as starting points, extending the sequence. This cycle of denaturation, primer binding, and DNA synthesis is repeated multiple times, resulting in exponential amplification of the targeted DNA segment.
PCR can amplify various macromolecules, primarily DNA and RNA. However, in the case of RNA, an additional step called reverse transcription (RT-PCR) is required to convert RNA into complementary DNA (cDNA) before amplification.
The BXP007 locus alleles are genetic variations found at a specific DNA region known as the BXP007 locus. Loci are specific positions on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located. Alleles are alternative forms of a gene that occupy the same position on homologous chromosomes. The BXP007 locus alleles refer to the various versions or variants of the DNA sequence found at the BXP007 locus. The specific characteristics and functions associated with these alleles would require more detailed information or context to explain further.
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Plasma contains more sodium than chloride. How can this be if individual ions of sodium and chloride exactly balance each other out, and plasma is electrically neutral?.
Answers
In addition to chloride, there are other negatively charged molecules in plasma. The extra sodium restores the balance of the overall negative charges.
What is plasma?It is an aqueous solution that is thick in consistency, straw-colored, and somewhat alkaline. Fifty five percent of the blood is formed by it.
It is made up of a variety of organic and inorganic components, including 90–92% water and 6–8% solutes.
It includes fibrinogen, globulins, albumins, a trace quantity of sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, glucose, amino acids, lipids, and other coagulation-related substances.
Plasma's primary function is to transport proteins, hormones, and nutrients to the body's many organs. Additionally, plasma is where cells dump their waste. The plasma then aids in the body's elimination of this waste. All components of the blood are also transported through your circulatory system by blood plasma.
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what type of regulation causes insulin to be released after eating a high carbohydrate meal?
Answers
High blood glucose levels in the body, cause the release of insulin in the body to uptake the glucose from the blood into the cell.
How insulin regulates the blood glucose level?If the body takes a carbohydrate meal, it flows through the intestine into the blood, this needs to be transported into the cells, which is possible only by insulin.
These maintain the normal level of glucose in a range within the blood, if it fails to do create the condition known as diabetes.
Therefore, in regulation, on the other hand, glucagon signals a low level of glucose in the blood.
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Why are there two numbers normally given when determining blood pressure?
Answers
Answer:
Both numbers are equally important and you need both. There are two because you need both.
Explanation:
When you go to take your blood pressure the top number is the systolic pressure and it measures the amount of pressure in your arteries during the contraction of your heart muscle. The bottom number is called the dialostic pressure and measures the amount of blood pressure of you heart muscle between beats. Healthy blood pressures numbers are 120 over 80, or 120/80.
in which phase of the cell cycle does dna replication occur?
Answers
Answer:
the S phase or the synthesis phase
problems associated with heavy metals in the soil and their cleanup
Answers
Heavy metals in the soil pose several problems, both for the environment and human health. These metals, including lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and chromium, can accumulate in the soil through various sources such as industrial activities, mining, agriculture, and improper waste disposal.
The presence of heavy metals in the soil can lead to contamination of groundwater and surface water, affecting the surrounding ecosystems and biodiversity. In terms of human health, exposure to high levels of heavy metals can cause serious health problems, including respiratory issues, neurological disorders, organ damage, and even cancer.
Cleanup of soil contaminated with heavy metals is a challenging and complex task. Various remediation techniques are employed to mitigate the risks associated with heavy metal contamination.
These techniques include physical methods such as excavation and removal of contaminated soil, soil washing, and stabilization or immobilization of the metals. Chemical methods like soil flushing and soil vapor extraction can also be used.
Additionally, biological methods such as phytoremediation, which involves using plants to extract or neutralize heavy metals, and microbial remediation, where microorganisms are utilized to degrade or transform the contaminants, are employed.
The selection of an appropriate cleanup method depends on factors such as the type and concentration of heavy metals, the extent of contamination, the site conditions, and the intended land use after remediation.
It is important to consider the long-term effectiveness, feasibility, and cost-effectiveness of the chosen remediation approach. Proper management of contaminated soil and prevention of further heavy metal pollution are crucial to protect both the environment and human well-being.
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Why does streptomycin not affect eukaryotic organisms, such as the streptomyces?
Answers
Streptomycin is an antibiotic that belongs to a class of drugs called aminoglycosides. It works by binding to the bacterial ribosome, which is responsible for protein synthesis, and inhibiting its function.
Streptomycin cannot efficiently bind to eukaryotic ribosomes and stop protein synthesis because they are bigger and have different binding sites than bacterial ribosomes. Because it selectively targets bacterial cells, streptomycin is generally safe for use in people and other eukaryotic species.
It is important to remember that Streptomycin can still cause negative effects in people, especially if used frequently or in large dosages.
Among other things, these side effects can cause nerve damage, renal damage, and hearing loss. Streptomycin should only be used as directed by a healthcare provider and under close observation.
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