Some cancer cells eacape crisis by what

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Overexpressing hTERT.

Explanation:


Related Questions

The average air temperature of three California cities in August is shown in the table below. Which of the following best explains why day-time and night-time temperatures in coastal cities like San Diego do not fluctuate as much as the temperatures in Santa Ana and Palm Spring which are further inland?

Answers

Answer:

Due to presence of ocean near it.

Explanation:

The heat capacity of water is higher than soil means that soil quickly heats up at day time and cool down at night whereas, water takes more time to heat up and cool down so that's why those areas present far from ocean observe high fluctuation in day and night temperatures due to quickly heat up and cool down as compared to those areas present near water such as coastal areas which takes more time to heat up and cool down..

Two organisms with striped fur mate and produce offspring. Three of the offspring have striped fur but one has no stripes. The non-striped coat is probably what type of trait?

Answers

The non-striped coat is likely a recessive trait. If both parents have striped fur, it is likely that they are both heterozygous for the striped trait.

That means they each carry one dominant and one recessive allele for this trait. When they mate, there is a 25% chance that their offspring will inherit two copies of the recessive allele, resulting in a non-striped coat. This pattern of inheritance is consistent with a recessive trait.

Dominant traits can express themselves. While recessive traits cannot express themselves in the presence of dominant traits.

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N
What makes up
chromatin?
A. DNA only
B. DNA and proteins this
C. DNA and ribosomes
D. DNA and RNA

Answers

The option B is correct. Chromatin is made up of DNA and proteins.

What is chromatin?

Chromatin refers to a mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes found in the cells of humans and other higher organisms. Many of the proteins — namely, histones — package the massive amount of DNA in a genome into a highly compact form that can fit in the cell nucleus.

The function of this complex, the chromatin, is to package and reduce the size of DNA/RNA (tightly wind it so it takes up less space), regulate DNA replication and gene expression and to protect the DNA from damage.

The chromatin structure is formed by the association of DNA and histones. With the help of histone proteins, chromatin organizes DNA into chromosomes. Histones are adaptor proteins that help the DNA structure. They form a complex structure around the DNA, giving the chromosome a more compact shape.

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What is the answer please help no links I will report

What is the answer please help no links I will report

Answers

Answer:

Limpets

Explanation:

Since the arrows represent flow of energy, and there is no path of energy from fish to limpets, limpets won't be affected at all.

Write me a 10 minute speech about varicella zoster
Need it asap

Answers

Varicella Zoster is an infectious viral disease causing chickenpox in children and shingles in grown-ups. Inoculation plays a crucial part in avoidance and lessening complications.

Aspeech on Varicella-Zoster

Women and noblemen,

Nowadays, I would like to examine a vital and predominant viral disease known as Varicella Zoster. Varicella Zoster, commonly alluded to as chickenpox, is caused by a varicella-zoster infection. It fundamentally influences children, but can too affect grown-ups who have not been already contaminated.

Varicella Zoster presents as a profoundly infectious sickness characterized by a particular hasty, fever, and common disquietude. The infection spreads through coordinated contact or respiratory beads, making it effortlessly transmissible inside families and communities.

Whereas chickenpox is for the most part a gentle ailment in children, it can lead to more serious complications in grown-ups, pregnant ladies, and people with debilitated resistant frameworks. These complications incorporate pneumonia, bacterial contaminations, and in uncommon cases, neurological complications such as encephalitis.

Luckily, the improvement of a profoundly successful antibody has essentially diminished the frequency of Varicella Zoster around the world. Immunization not as it were secures people from the distress and potential complications of chickenpox, but too makes a difference anticipate the infection from spreading inside the community.

In any case, Varicella Zoster doesn't halt at chickenpox. Once the introductory contamination settles, the infection remains torpid inside the body and can reactivate a long time afterward, causing a condition known as herpes zoster, or more commonly, shingles.

Shingles are characterized by a difficult hasty that ordinarily happens in a single dermatome, regularly along the middle or confront. The reactivated infection can cause critical pain and inconvenience, enduring for weeks or indeed months. Moreover, complications such as postherpetic neuralgia, a persistent torment disorder, can happen, especially in more seasoned people.

To combat the chance of shingles, an isolated antibody called the shingles antibody or herpes zoster immunization has been created. This antibody not as it were makes a difference anticipate shingles but moreover diminishes the chance of postherpetic neuralgia.

In conclusion, Varicella Zoster, enveloping both chickenpox and shingles, could be a viral contamination that has critical suggestions for open well-being. We have made significant progress in reducing the burden of this disease through extensive vaccination efforts.

In any case, ongoing efforts to prevent Varicella zoster from returning to our communities and to protect powerless populations require prompt attention and vaccination.

Much obliged to you for your thought. Let's collaborate to ensure a better future for everyone.

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What specific cells does HIV bind to?cells in the respiratory systemcells in the immune systemcells in the digestive systemcells in the lymphatic system

Answers

HIV

The HIV virus is responsible for attacking the body's defense cells (mainly T lymphocytes). In this way, the immune system of the person with HIV is weakened.

Therefore, the person is more likely to acquire diseases.

Answer: cells in the immune system.

A scientist noticed that the lizards in his garden tended to gather in the sunlight in the morning and the shade in the afternoon. This was a(n)

Answers

A scientist noticed that the lizards in his garden tended to gather in the sunlight in the morning and the shade in the afternoon. This was a thermoregulation.

How do lizards use thermoregulation?

Lizards frequently move between areas where they can soak up heat from the sun or warm ground before venturing into cooler areas to graze and engage in other lizard behaviors. huttling thermoregulation is the term for this. For this reason, thermoregulation—also known as controlling body temperature—is typically done by lizards in the sun and in the shade.

The stimulus includes a drop in their metabolism and internal body temperature. In reaction, they spread out to increase their surface area and arrange their bodies to absorb as much sunlight as possible. However, if these thermoregulatory adaptations are significant, there may be associated costs that make thermoregulation unworkable.

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Which correctly lists three characteristics that are used to describe air? altitude, density, radiation O density, radiation, mass Omass, pressure, density Opressure, altitude, radiation​

Answers

Answer:

The Correct Answer Is C

Explanation:

All Three Aspects are related to Air.

Air has mass, applies pressure, and takes up space. Therefore, option (C) describes the characteristics of air.

What is air?

Air has particular qualities or features and is a mixture of gases, water vapor, and other elements. Gases make up air, which has mass, pressure, and weight as well as the ability to be compressed and be affected by temperature.

Nearly all of the air is made up of the molecules of two separate elements, nitrogen and oxygen. Carbon dioxide and argon, in trace levels, make up the remainder. (Trace amounts of other gases, including neon, helium, and methane, are also present.)

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A mutation of the proteolytic enzyme Trypsin (described in Section 6.1) results in a stable covalent bond between one of the catalytic amino acids of the protease and its protein substrate. Which of the following are probably true?
a. The enzyme would become inactive.
b. The enzyme and substrate would be stuck together.
c. The delta-G of the proteolysis reaction would change.
d. The rate of the catalyzed reaction would increase.

Answers

Answer:

b. The enzyme and substrate would be stuck together.

Explanation:

Enzymes are proteins whose active site binds to specific chemical reactants (i.e., substrates), thereby forming a complex that is similar to the interaction between a lock and its key. This active complex lowers the energy of the reaction and promotes a conformational change in the substrate to break down it into multiple products. When the enzyme contains mutations in its active site, the ability to bind the substrate is altered. In this case, the enzymatic reaction can't occur because the interaction enzyme-substrate doesn't produce an active complex.

In the process of mutation of a proteolytic enzyme, the enzyme and the substrate would be stuck together.

What is the process of mutation of a proteolytic enzyme?

The process of mutation of a proteolytic enzyme is a ubiquitous and permanent post-translational alteration that involves the restricted and highly selective hydrolysis of a protein's peptide and isopeptide bonds by a protease.

We know that enzymes are proteins that have an activation site that binds to certain chemical reactant molecules (e.g substrates), generating a complex akin to the interaction of a lock and its key.

This active complex decreases the reaction's energy and induces a conformational shift in the chemical reactant molecule (substrate), therefore allowing it to be broken down into numerous products.

The capacity of the enzyme to interact with the substrate is changed and altered when it has mutations in its activation site.

Therefore, this enzymatic reaction cannot take place in this scenario due to the fact that the enzyme-substrate contact does not form an active complex.

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The temperature of a substance changes from 120 C to 35 C. Which of the following is true?

The Kinetic Energy of the particles did not change.

The particles of the substance resulted in a high Kinetic Energy.

The particles of the substance initially had high Kinetic Energy.​

Answers

The particles of the substance initially had high Kinetic Energy.​

Does the kinetic energy of a particle change as the temperature changes?

Gas particles move quickly in all directions and regularly collide with one another and the container's side. The particles gather kinetic energy and accelerate as the temperature rises. The particles' real average speed is influenced by their mass and temperature.

In liquids, particles are quite close together and move with random motion throughout the container. Due to the closer proximity of the particles, collisions between them happen more frequently than in gases even if particles are moving quickly in all directions.

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If the half life of an element was 430 years and you had 2000 atoms of this element, how long would it take to undergo complete radioactive decay? What year would it be when the element finished decaying?

Answers

part a.

it would take an estimated 2984 years for the element to undergo complete radioactive decay.

How do we calculate?

N = N₀ * (1/2)\(^(^t ^/^ T^)\)

N = final number of atoms remaining

N₀ =  initial number of atoms

T =  half-life of the element

0 = 2000 * (1/2)^(t / 430)

(1/2)^(t / 430) = 0

log₂((1/2)= log₂(0)

(t / 430) * log₂(1/2) = log₂(0)

0.01 = (1/2)^(t / 430)

log₂(0.01) = (t / 430) * log₂(1/2)

t = log₂(0.01) * 430 / log₂(1/2)

t = 2984 years

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state and explain five uses of insects​

Answers

Answer:

They help our eco system

Explanation:

PROVIDERS

Insects are in nearly every food chain. Many larger animals—birds, bats, amphibians, and fish—eat insects before they in turn are eaten by predators. The dearth of insects is suspected to be a leading cause of recent declines in bird populations.

DECOMPOSERS

Waste-eating insects unlock nutrients for use by the ecosystem that would otherwise stagnate in dung, dead plants, and carrion. Dung beetles process parasite- breeding and grass-killing cattle dung in 23 months versus the 28 it would otherwise take.

PEST CONTROLLERS

By feeding on crop-threatening pests, predatory insects perform the role of pesticides without chemicals. This cuts pest-control costs and increases yields, saving agricultural industries billions of dollars every year—while reducing toxic pesticide residue on crops.

POLLINATORS

Nearly 90 percent of flowering plant species and 75 percent of crop plant species depend on pollination by animals—mostly insects. Overall, one out of every three bites of food humans eat relies on animal pollination in the production process.

SOIL ENGINEERS

Termites (and ants) can trans- form soil in hot, dry climates. Their tunneling aerates hard ground, helping it retain water and adding nutrients. In some regions, the introduction of termites has turned infertile land into cropland within a year.

Answer:

Pollination, Food, Silk, Dyes, Dermestids for cleaning skeletons.

Explanation:

Pollination.  Honeybees are among the most important of pollinators, and their efforts result in about 80% of all pollination in the United States.

Food. Honey is made by insects and can be consumed by humans.

Silk.  Most silk is produced from the cocoons of the Silkworm.

Dyes. Many insects provide dyes that are used in cosmetics and for coloring cakes, medicines and beverages.

Dermestids for cleaning skeletons. Carpet beetles feed on almost anything organic and have been used in museums by technicians to clean the skeletons of mammals.

Which ONE of the generative characteristics would you expect veterans of World War II to
share with the survivors? b. Why?

Answers

The characteristic that both veterans of World War II and survivors might possess, which could be described as resilience.

What is Resilience?

Resilience involves the ability to spring back and recover from taxing and traumatic situations.

The aforementioned war was an enormous international conflict that imposed colossal physical as well as mental pressure upon military soldiers who fought in it.

Also, civilians who had survived the aftermath of the war also experienced incredibly challenging predicaments. For example, those who served in WWII witnessed warfare firsthand with comrades lost, severe conditions exposed, while "invisible" wartime casualties - such as civilian survivors - lived through extensive bombings, displacement and grief due to their own losses.

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Write 5 lines about Saprophytic bacteria.

Answers

Answer:

An organism, especially a fungus or bacterium, that grows on and derives its nourishment from dead or decaying organic matter.

During the process of feeding, Saprophytes break down decomposed organic matter that is left behind by other dead organisms and plants.

Explanation:

Saprophytic: The mode of nutrition in which organisms feed on dead and decaying matter. Example fungi.

5. What would our planet be like without plants?​

Answers

Answer:

we would die plants give us oxgen fruits and vegtebales  . trees for example we need wood and there leaf to make  doors and paper

Explanation:

If the planet didn’t have plants, we would be lacking in fruits and vegetables. We probably wouldn’t be too healthy. We would also be lacking in oxygen as things like trees give us oxygen. The trees also enable people to make doors and even paper. If we didn’t have trees, we probably would struggle with getting privacy since (doors) allow us to keep a boundary from people you wouldn’t want to go in (say like in your bedroom or home even.)

I hope this makes some sense

Solar energy is used to produce energy-rich compounds in which structure?
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D

Solar energy is used to produce energy-rich compounds in which structure?A.AB.BC.CD.D

Answers

Answer: A or which ever is the chloroplast

Explanation:

Chloroplast is the site for photosynthesis in plants. Thus, option A is correct.

What are chloroplasts?

Chloroplasts are the cell organelles present in the plants. Chloroplasts are one such type of plastids.

Chloroplasts are green in colour. They contain a green coloured pigment called chlorophyll which traps the solar energy.

The solar energy is converted into chemical energy by a process called photosynthesis. The organic molecules so produced are the energy rich compounds.

Chloroplasts are chiefly found in the mesophyll region of the leaves.

Chloroplast consists of grana and stroma regions. The grana contain disc shaped coin like structures called thylakoids. The matrix of chloroplasts constitutes stroma region.

Various enzymes, DNA, ribosomes etc are found within the chloroplasts. Hence, they are also referred as 'cell within the cell'.

Chloroplasts have unique feature of self-replication. Chloroplasts are similar in function to mitochondria in animal cells.

Therefore, chloroplasts are important plant structures for photosynthesis.

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Select the TRUE statement about the Energy Policy Act of 1992.
Required the federal government to assess the environmental impacts of any government action or project
To set goals for greenhouse gas reductions and provided funding for research in alternative fuels
Established a reserve of oil in the United States in order to prevent gasoline shortages
Required the federal government to list stationary or mobile source pollutants that could endanger public health

Answers

Option D, The Energy Policy Act of 1992 required the federal government to list stationary or mobile energy usage source pollutants that could endanger public health. This statement is true.

The Energy Policy Act of 1992 was a federal law that aimed to reduce the country's dependence on foreign oil, increase the use of alternative energy sources, and improve the efficiency of energy usage. The act set goals for greenhouse gas reductions and provided funding for research in alternative fuels. Energy Policy Act of 1992 also established a reserve of oil in the United States energy usage in order to prevent gasoline shortages. However, it did not require the federal government to assess the environmental impacts of any government action or project. The Energy Policy Act of 1992 had a wide range of provisions that aimed to address various aspects of the energy usage industry and it's consumption.

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Answer:

Select the TRUE statement about the Energy Policy Act of 1992.

Required the federal government to list stationary or mobile source pollutants that could endanger public health

Required the federal government to assess the environmental impacts of any government action or project

Established a reserve of oil in the United States in order to prevent gasoline shortages

To set goals for greenhouse gas reductions and provided funding for research in alternative fuels

Explanation:

Answer:

To set goals for greenhouse gas reductions and provided funding for research in alternative fuels

State some importance of freshwater fish ponds (including citations)​

Answers

The importance of fresh water ponds hold and exchange water, revive fertilizer or feed, and allow for holding, rearing and harvesting of fish (fao.org)

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Q-Science-Gr7-SQSA1-CBT (2020-21) Question: 1-9
Evidence suggests that Earth is about 4.6 billion years old, even though no Earth rocks have been found that can be dated at more than 4 bilion years old. This discrepancy is most likely caused by Earth's
original crust being
Difficult to date so precisely
Subject to extensive erosion
Blasted away during Earth's formation
Destroyed by solar radiation
Next
Previous
X
Social Studies Stud.pdf
00
159 PM
11/4/2020
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at
Type here to search

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Answer:

Subject to extensive erosion should be correct.

4. The ATP yield from 2 moles of mitochondrial NADH under aerobic conditions in a eukaryotic cell would be: which option is correct a) 1 mole of ATP b) 2 moles of ATP c) 3 moles of ATP d) 4 moles of ATP e) 6 moles of ATP​

Answers

The ATP yield from 2 moles of mitochondrial NADH under aerobic conditions in a eukaryotic cell is approximately 4 moles of ATP.

During oxidative phosphorylation, each mole of NADH can generate around 2.5 to 3 moles of ATP. Therefore, for 2 moles of NADH, the total ATP production would be in the range of 4 to 6 moles of ATP. While the more precise estimate falls within the 4 to 6 moles range, the closest option provided is 4 moles of ATP. It is important to note that the exact ATP yield can vary depending on factors such as the efficiency of the electron transport chain and the specific conditions within the cell.

Since there are 2 moles of mitochondrial NADH, the total ATP yield would be around 4 to 6 moles of ATP. However, the most accurate option among the given choices is 4 moles of ATP.

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On the model of mitchondrion, highlight the area (arrows) that is the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN in yellow.
Place an X over the protein that is inhibited by cyanide.
Color the phospholipid bilayer blue.
A special protein called ATP synthase generates ATP. Find it on the diagram and color it red

On the model of mitchondrion, highlight the area (arrows) that is the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN in yellow.

Answers

The electron transporter chain is the sequence of redox reactions that occur in the mitochondrial membrane as electrons flow through different electron transporters resulting in energy production. In the attached files you will find the image with the colored structures.

What is the electron transporter chain and how does cyanid inhibit it?

The electron transporter chain is a series of molecules and proteins located in the internal mitochondrial membrane. It constitutes a series of enzymatic reactions to release and save energy for the organism’s correct functioning.

Along the chain, there are four proteinic complexes in the membrane that contain the electron transporters and the enzymes necessary to catalyze the electrons' transference from one complex to the other.

Different redox reactions occur to pass electrons from NADH along the chain.

Released energy creates a proton concentration gradient used to synthesize ATP.

Cytochrome oxidase (P450) is one of the enzymes involved in this electron transport, which ends in producing energy. It is the complex IV.

Ion cyanide is a powerful cellular poison that inhibits cellular respiration by binding to the ferric ion of cytochrome oxidase.

Cyanide-ferric binding inactivates the enzyme and blocks electron transference. The chain is interrupted, leading to no oxygen consumption and no ATP production.

Since muscles do not get to have ATP as a source of energy, they weaken.

The interruption of the electron transporter chain produces an anaerobic state that could be culminating.

In the attached files you will find the image with the colored structures. Complex IV is the one affected by cyanide.

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On the model of mitchondrion, highlight the area (arrows) that is the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN in yellow.

How can oxygen indirectly affect other species in the food chain

Answers

Answer:

when anamial eats a plant it gains the oxygen from the plant and it can be transformed into energy

Explanation:

Have a good day please mark as branliest

the organisms that feed on dead and decaying matter are called
A. Saprotrophs
B. Autotrophs
C. Heterotrophs
D. Parasite ​

Answers

The organisms that feed on dead and decaying matter are called Saprotrophs.

An organism that feeds on dead and decaying organic matter is called a saprotroph. These organisms are heterotrophic, which means that they obtain their food from other sources. They are important in the ecosystem because they break down dead organic matter and recycle it back into the soil, making nutrients available to other living organisms

Answer:

A. Saprotrophs

Explanation:

Saprotrophs are organisms that obtain their nutrients by feeding on dead and decaying matter. They play a crucial role in the ecosystem by decomposing organic material and recycling nutrients back into the environment.

These organisms secrete enzymes that break down complex organic compounds into simpler substances, such as sugars and amino acids, which they can absorb and utilize for their own growth and energy needs. Examples of saprotrophs include fungi (such as mushrooms and molds) and certain bacteria.

Unlike autotrophs, which can produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, saprotrophs rely on external sources of organic matter for their nutrition. They actively decompose dead plants, animals, and other organic materials, aiding in the process of nutrient recycling and decomposition.

Heterotrophs, on the other hand, are a broader category of organisms that obtain their nutrients by consuming other living or dead organisms. This includes saprotrophs, as well as other types of organisms such as herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores.

Parasites, meanwhile, are organisms that live in or on other organisms, known as hosts, and obtain their nutrients from the host while causing harm or damage to it. Unlike saprotrophs, parasites typically rely on a living host for their sustenance rather than feeding on dead and decaying matter.

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Which of the following is a negative consequence associated monoculture?

A) Decreased yield
B) Increased crop species
C) Ecosystem stability
D) Reduced biodiversity​

Answers

Answer:

Reduced biodiversity

Explanation:

took the test

CAN SOMEONE PLEASE HELP ME WITH THIS SCIENCE QUESTION I WILL MARK YOU BRAINLIEST THANK YOU

CAN SOMEONE PLEASE HELP ME WITH THIS SCIENCE QUESTION I WILL MARK YOU BRAINLIEST THANK YOU

Answers

Answer:    C

Explanation:

makes sense

C , it is the most reasonable option than the other ones plus it makes sense.

You are studying a protein that you think functions as a protease. You know the genetic code and amino acid sequence for the protein and you hypothesize that a serine is critical to the enzyme's function. Describe an experiment or set of experiments that would test your hypothesis.

Answers

It is possible to remove serine by targeting mutagenesis and then observe how this modification changes the function of the protein in the cell. Serine is often a target for phosphorylation.

What is serine?

Serine is one fundamental amino acid, i.e., a building block of biomolecules called proteins.

Serine is often a target for posttranslational modifications, especially protein phosphorylation.

In a given cell, serine phosphorylation may activate or deactivate specific signaling pathways.

In this case, it is possible to identify other serine proteases by sequence homo-logy using the BLAST bioinformatic tool.

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I need help asap keep words under 250
For this assignment, you will be writing an abstract of a scientific paper. (25 points)

An abstract is a short, concise summary of a scientific study or literature review.

Be sure you summarize each section of the research paper in your abstract.

Keep your abstract under 250 words

Be concise!

 I need help asap keep words under 250 For this assignment, you will be writing an abstract of a scientific

Answers

Title: Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Stress and Anxiety in College Students: A Meta-Analysis

How to write the Abstract:

Background: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been increasingly used to address stress and anxiety in college students. However, the effectiveness of these interventions remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of MBIs on stress and anxiety in college students.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted, and a total of 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A random-effects model was used to estimate the effect sizes of MBIs on stress and anxiety.

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If the DNA was part of a gene for a different protein other than crystallin, how would the DNA differ?

Answers

Answer:

If the DNA was part of a gene for a different protein, the DNA sequence would be different. Each gene has a unique sequence of DNA that provides the instructions for building a specific protein.

Changes in the DNA sequence would lead to changes in the amino acid sequence of the protein, resulting in a different protein with different functions. Additionally, different genes have different regulatory elements that control when and where the gene is expressed, as well as the level of expression.

Therefore, the DNA sequence and regulatory elements of a gene for a different protein than crystallin would be different from the DNA sequence and regulatory elements of the crystallin gene.

Hope this helps!

Which structure transports urine to the bladder by peristaltic action?

Answers

Answer:

The muscular layer of the ureter consists of longitudinal and circular smooth muscles that create the peristaltic contractions to move the urine into the bladder without the aid of gravity.

Answer:

The ureter

Explanation:

The ureter is a long thin tubular structure 10-12 inches long which carries urine produced in the kidney to the bladder. The urine is transported by a process called peristalsis. The ureter actively propels urine from the kidney down into the bladder.

Fat mobilization is the breakdown of fats in adipose tissue into metabolic products that enter the bloodstream place the steps of fat mobilization in order

Actual Answer:
1) body releases epinephrine
2) epinephrine binds to fat cells in adipose tissue
3) tricylglycerols are hydrolyzed to glycerol & fatty acids
4) metabolic products enter the bloodstream

Answers

Answer:

The complete steps are:

1. Body needs energy for activity

2. body releases epinephrine

3. epinephrine binds to fat cells in adipose tissue

4. triacylglycerols (triglycerides) are hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acids

5. Fatty acids transported to tissue

Explanation:

Mobilization of fat is a gluconeogenetic process (a process that sequesters energy from a compound other than carbohydrates), in which fat molecules in the adipose tissues are metabolized for energy production.

The process starts when the body is in an energy-deprived (hypoglycemic) state, leading to the release of glucagon by the pancreas and the release of epinephrine (adrenaline) from the adrenal medulla of the brain.

These hormones activate gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen) in the liver, it also activates lipolysis in the muscle cells and liver, as well as inhibiting fatty acid synthesis. This is mediated through the binding of these hormones to specific receptors on the surface of fat cells, leading to the activation of lipases (enzymes catalyzing lipolysis). Lipases catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides (common fat in diets) to glycerol and three molecules of free fatty acids. These free fatty acids are released into the blood where they attach to serum albumin; a protein for transporting the hydrophobic fatty acids to the muscle cells where they are taken up and utilized to produce energy and C0₂.

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