SOMEONE ANSWER NOW
Which statement best explains why light can travel with or without a medium?
A medium is necessary for light waves to travel.
Light waves cannot travel in a vacuum.
Light waves are longitudinal waves that do not require a medium to travel.
Transverse waves do not require a medium to travel.
Answers
Explanation:
its light waves cannot travel through vaccum
hope it helps
Answer:
Transverse waves do not require a medium to travel.
Explanation:
Related Questions
Calculate the volume of 0.5 M HCOOH and 0.5 M HCOONa required to prepare 0.1 L of pH 4.50 buffer with a buffer strength of 0.1 M. The pa of HCOOH is 3.75.
Answers
The volume of 0.5 M HCOOH required is 50 mL and the volume of 0.5 M HCOONa required is 150 mL.
To prepare a pH 4.50 buffer with a buffer strength of 0.1 M, we need to use a mixture of HCOOH and HCOONa in a specific ratio. The buffer equation for this system is:
\(pH = pKa + log([HCOO-]/[HCOOH])\)
Substituting the given pH of 4.50 and pKa of 3.75:
We can then use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
\([HCOOH]/[HCOO-] = 3.16 \\\\[HCOOH] + [HCOO-] = 0.1 M\)
Solving these equations simultaneously, we get:
\([HCOOH] = 0.0253 M\) and \([HCOO-] = 0.0747 M.\)
Therefore, the volume required is 50 mL and the volume of 0.5 M HCOONa required is 150 mL, to prepare 0.1 L of pH 4.50 buffer with a buffer strength of 0.1 M.
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Which of would be The acid-base pair that can create NaCL with water?
A)LiCland NaOH
B)HCl and NaOH
C)Cl2 and KaI
D)BaO + KO
Answers
Answer:
i
Explanation:
Answer:1
Explanation:v
balanced equation for the reaction between solid chromium(III) oxide and solid carbon to produce solid chromium and carbon dioxide gas.
Answers
Answer:
\(2Cr_2O_3(s)+3C(s)\rightarrow 3CO_2(g)+4(s)\)
Explanation:
Hello.
In this case, since chromium (III) oxide and solid carbon are respectively Cr₂O₃ and C, the corresponding chemical reaction to yield solid chromium and oxygen is:
\(Cr_2O_3(s)+C(s)\rightarrow CO_2(g)+Cr(s)\)
However, since two chromium atoms are present at the reactants yet one at the products and three oxygen atoms at the reactants and two at the products, we need to balance it as follows:
\(2Cr_2O_3(s)+3C(s)\rightarrow 3CO_2(g)+4(s)\)
Best regards!
To balance a reaction means to make the number of atoms the same on both the reactants and products side.
The balanced reaction involved in the reaction is:-
\(2Cr_{2}O_{3} \ + 3C -----> 3Co_{2}\ + 4Cr\)
The steps for balancing the equation is as follows:-
Identify each element found in the equation. The number of atoms of each type of atom must be the same on each side of the equation once it has been balanced. The net charge must be the same on each side of the equation once it has been balanced. If possible, start with an element found in one compound on each side of the equation. Change the coefficients (the numbers in front of the compound or molecule) so that the number of atoms of the element is the same on each side of the equation. Once you have balanced one element, do the same thing with another element. Proceed until all elements have been balanced. It's easiest to leave elements found in pure form for last. Check your work to make certain the charge on both sides of the equation is also balanced.By following these steps, you can balance the reaction.
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A sample of oxygen gas initially at 323 K was heated to 377 K. If the volume of the oxygen gas sample at 377 K is 753.8 mL,
what was its volume at 323 K?
Answers
ANSWER : 643.1 mL
STEPS:
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Volume of oxygen gas.
A sample of oxygen gas was initially at a temperature of 323 K.
The sample was heated to a new temperature of 377 K.
The volume of the sample at the new temperature of 377 K is 753.8 mL.
We want to find the volume of the sample at the initial temperature of 323 K.
To solve for the initial volume, we can use the combined gas law:
(V1/T1) = (V2/T2), where:
V1 is the initial volume of the gas
T1 is the initial temperature of the gas
V2 is the final volume of the gas
T2 is the final temperature of the gas
Rearranging the equation to solve for V1, we get: V1 = (V2/T2) x T1
Plugging in the values we know, we get:
V1 = (753.8 mL / 377 K) x 323 K
Solving for V1, we get:
V1 = 643.1 mL
Therefore, the volume of the oxygen gas sample at 323 K is approximately 643.1 mL.
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Which one of the following ionic solids would have the largest lattice energy?
CaBr2
CsI
CaCl2
NaCl
NaF
Answers
Answer:
CaCl2
Explanation:
The ionic solid CaCl₂ would have the largest lattice energy. Therefore, option (c) is correct.
What is the lattice energy?Lattice energy is the heat of formation when one mole of crystalline ionic solid is generated from its constituent ions in their gaseous state.
For example, the lattice energy of sodium chloride crystal is the energy change of reaction when Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions react to produce a NaCl crystal, which is equal to -786 kJ/mol.
The relation between lattice energy and lattice enthalpy at constant pressure is given by:
ΔU (lattice) = ΔH (lattice) - PΔV
Lattice energy is directly proportional to the charge on ions and inversely proportional to the interionic distance between ions.
For NaCl and NaF the charge on the ions is +1 and -1 while the size of the ions is small. So they have less lattice energy.
CsI ionic solid have a larger size of ions Cs⁺ and I⁻. So CsI will have less lattice energy. CsBr₂ has +2 charge on calcium but the size of both ios is larger. So, CsBr₂ will have less lattice energy.
CaCl₂ has + 2 charge on calcium as well as the ionic radius is also samll. Therefore, CaCl₂ would have the largest lattice energy.
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3. A Wilkinson’s catalyst is widely used in the hydrogenation of alkenes. Show a catalytic cycle, including: i. chemical structure of the catalyst, with complete stereochemistry ii. molecular geometry of catalyst iii. type of reactions involved iv. the appropriate starting material, reagent and solvent v. major and minor end-products vi. all intermediates, for each reaction stated in (iii)
Answers
We can see here that the catalytic cycle for the hydrogenation of alkenes using Wilkinson's catalyst involves several steps.
What are the steps involved?Here's an overview of the catalytic cycle, including the necessary details:
i. Chemical structure of the catalyst:
Wilkinson's catalyst, also known as chloridotris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I), has the following chemical structure: [RhCl(PPh3)3]
ii. Molecular geometry of the catalyst:
The Wilkinson's catalyst has a trigonal bipyramidal geometry around the rhodium center. The three triphenylphosphine (PPh3) ligands occupy equatorial positions, while the chloride (Cl) ligand occupies an axial position.
iii. Type of reactions involved:
The catalytic cycle involves several reactions, including:
Oxidative addition: The rhodium center undergoes oxidative addition, reacting with molecular hydrogen (H2) to form a dihydride intermediate.Alkene coordination: The alkene substrate coordinates to the rhodium center, forming a π-complex.Hydrogenation: The coordinated alkene undergoes hydrogenation, resulting in the addition of hydrogen atoms to the double bond and formation of a metal-alkyl intermediate.Reoxidation: The metal-alkyl intermediate reacts with a hydrogen molecule to regenerate the rhodium dihydride species.iv. Starting material, reagent, and solvent:
The starting material is an alkene, and the reagent is Wilkinson's catalyst ([RhCl(PPh3)3]). The reaction is typically carried out in a suitable solvent, such as dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) or tetrahydrofuran (THF).
v. Major and minor end-products:
The major end-product of the hydrogenation reaction is the fully saturated alkane, resulting from the addition of hydrogen across the double bond. The minor end-product may include cis- or trans-configured alkanes if the original alkene substrate possesses geometric isomers.
vi. Intermediates:
The intermediates in the catalytic cycle include:
Rhodium dihydride complex: [RhH2(PPh3)3]Alkene-Rhodium π-complex: [Rh(η2-alkene)(PPh3)3]Metal-alkyl intermediate: [Rh(alkyl)(PPh3)3]These intermediates play a crucial role in facilitating the hydrogenation reaction and enabling the catalytic cycle to proceed.
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1) In the nuclear equation below, what does the letter X represent? Show your work.
Answers
Differences between voltage, current and resistance?
Answers
Answer:
Voltage is the measure of electric potential energy per unit charge, current is the flow of electric charge through a circuit, and resistance is the property of a material that opposes the flow of electric current.
Ohm's Law relates these three concepts by stating that current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance.
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Use the information in the table below to respond to the statements and questions that follow. Your answers should be in terms of principles of molecular structure and intermolecular forces. a) Draw the complete Lewis electron-dot diagram for ethyne in the appropriate cell in the table below. (1) Compound Ethanethiol Formula CH3CH2SH Ethane CH3CH3 Lewis Electron Dot Diagram HH H:C:C:S:H HH HH H:C:C:H HH HH H:C:C:0:H HH Ethanol CH3CH2OH Ethene CzH b) Which of the four molecules contains the shortest carbon-to-carbon bond? Explain. [2] c) Explain how the structure of the molecules affects the energy that is required to boil ethanol. Consider the statement " As ethanol boils energy goes into breaking C-C bonds, C-H bonds, C-o bonds and O-H bonds." Is the statement true or false? Justify your answer. [2] d) Ethanol is completely soluble in water, whereas ethanethiol has limited (significantly less) solubility in water. Account for the difference in solubilities between the two compounds in terms of intermolecular forces. [2]
Answers
The complete Lewis electron-dot diagram for ethyne is shown in the attached diagram below:
What is the lewis electron dot diagram?A lewis electron dot structure can be utilized to represent the number of bonds, the lone pairs left in the atoms, and the bonding atoms in the molecule.
Solid lines are used to represent the bonds between atoms that are directly bonded to one another and excess electrons are denoted as dot pairs and are represented next to the atoms.
As the valence electrons of each carbon atom are equal to 4 from the electronic configuration of the carbon atom. First, the total number of valence electrons in a molecule is 4 + 1 + 1 + 4 = 10.
As each carbon atom needs only 4 electrons to complete its octet. As the octet completes, the rest of the electrons are assigned as the lone pairs of atoms. But there are no lone pairs in the molecule of the ethyne.
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what is the pH of a 8.27*10^-2 M solution of HClO_4
Answers
Answer: 0.0827
Hope This Will Help You And This Should Be The Correct One.
Question How many grams of solute B would dissolve in 500 grams of water at 10.0DC
Answers
To determine how many grams of solute B would dissolve in 500 grams of water at 10.0°C, we need to know the solubility of solute B in water at this temperature.
What is Solute?
A solute is a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution. In a solution, the solute is the component that is present in a smaller amount and is dissolved in the solvent, which is present in a larger amount. For example, when sugar is dissolved in water to make a sugar solution, sugar is the solute, and water is the solvent.
Solute particles are typically molecular or ionic in nature, and they can be solids, liquids, or gases. The properties of a solution, such as its concentration and physical properties, depend on the nature and amount of the solute and the solvent.
Different solutes have different solubility in water at different temperatures, so we would need this information to make the calculation.
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Rank the following from least to greatest electron affinity: Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O).
Group of answer choices
O < N < C
C < N < O
N < C < O
C < O < N
Answers
Answer:
C < N < O.
Explanation:
Hello!
In this case, since the electron affinity is a periodic property of elements indicating how likely is for the element to gain one electron, which is also related to the electronegativity, we can notice that fluorine is the most electronegative element or also, the element with the highest electron affinity whereas francium is the least electronegative element.
Therefore, we can infer that the electron affinity or electronegativity, increases from left to right and from bottom to top in the periodic table, it means that among carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, the element with the greatest electron affinity is oxygen, then nitrogen and finally carbon with the least one, thus answer is C < N < O.
Best regards!
How many g are in 2.39kg of magnesium powder
Answers
Answer:
2.3 Work with the numerator first: 165 mg is 0.165 g. ... 2.9 (a) 1 mg Mo 1 10 3 g
Explanation:
im pretty sure this is the answer
1. Calculate the molar mass of sucrose (C12 H11 O22)?
Answers
Answer:
=342g
Explanation:
atomic mass of C = 12g
atomic mass of H = 1g
atomic mass of O = 16g
Solution;
C12 H22 O11
= 12 (12) + 22 (1) + 11(16)
= 144+ 22 + 176
= 342g
Experiment 4: A chemist mixes aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide and aluminum chloride in a double-displacement reaction, which forms a white solid precipitate and a clear solution. Write the complete, balanced molecular equation for the reaction. Include physical states.
balanced equation:
Answers
The balanced molecular equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and aluminum chloride (\(AlCl_3\)) in aqueous solution can be written as follows: 2NaOH(aq) + 3\(AlCl_3\)(aq) → 3NaCl(aq) + \(Al(OH)_3\)(s)
In this reaction, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) reacts with aluminum chloride (\(AlCl_3\)) to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and aluminum hydroxide (\(Al(OH)_3\)). The coefficients in the balanced equation indicate the stoichiometric ratio between the reactants and products.
The physical states of the substances are indicated by the symbols (aq) for aqueous solutions and (s) for the solid precipitate.
The reaction is a double-displacement reaction, also known as a precipitation reaction. Double-displacement reactions involve the exchange of ions between two compounds, resulting in the formation of a precipitate.
In this case, sodium hydroxide and aluminum chloride react to form sodium chloride and aluminum hydroxide, with aluminum hydroxide being the white solid precipitate.
It's worth noting that the actual reaction might involve hydrated forms of the compounds, such as NaOH·x\(H_2O\) and \(AlCl_3\)·y\(H_2O\). However, for simplicity, these hydrated forms are not included in the balanced equation.
Overall, the balanced equation represents the chemical reaction between sodium hydroxide and aluminum chloride, showing the reactants, products, and their stoichiometric ratios.
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FILL IN THE BLANK:
The rate of a reaction is measured by how fast a (Product Or Reactant)
is used up or how fast a
(Reactant Or Product) is formed?
Answers
Answer:
the rate of a reaction is measured by how fast a REACTANT is used up or how fast a PRODUCT is formed
Reflect on the learning activities titled “Hypothesis”, “Variables and Hypothesis” and “Constructing a Hypothesis”. Describe some similarities and differences between a question that comes in response to an observation, and a scientific research question? Cite quotes from the readings to support your answer. Where do variables fit into this thinking? In other words, if you imagine a number line with observation questions at one end and scientific research questions at the other, what role do variables play anywhere along this continuum?
Answers
The learning activities titled "Hypothesis," "Variables and Hypothesis," and "Constructing a Hypothesis" all share certain similarities and differences. A question that arises in response to an observation is similar to a scientific research question in that both require some level of investigation to achieve an answer. However, scientific research questions are typically more specific and refined, with a defined methodology for obtaining data and verifying results.
The following quotes from the readings illustrate this distinction:"A scientific question is one that can be answered by using scientific investigation. In contrast, an observation question is one that comes in response to observing or experiencing something in the natural world" (Scientific Inquiry: Variables, Hypotheses, and the Scientific Method)."An important feature of a scientific question is that it should be answerable within a reasonable amount of time and with the resources available" (Scientific Inquiry: Variables, Hypotheses, and the Scientific Method)."Research questions can be narrow or broad, depending on the scope of the research" (Constructing a Hypothesis).The concept of variables is crucial to both observation and scientific research questions, but they play different roles depending on where they fall on the continuum. Observation questions are usually less precise and may not require much consideration of variables. On the other hand, scientific research questions are likely to include a rigorous examination of variables and their potential effects."Variables are an essential part of a scientific experiment. They are the things that change in an experiment" (Scientific Inquiry: Variables, Hypotheses, and the Scientific Method)."Variables are important because they can affect the outcome of the research" (Constructing a Hypothesis).In summary, observation questions and scientific research questions share some similarities, but the latter is more specific, has a defined methodology, and may require more consideration of variables.For such more question on Hypothesis
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Writing and balancing complex half-reactions in acidic solution.
Answers
Writing and balancing complex half-reactions in acidic solutions involves a systematic approach. Here are the general steps to follow:
Identify the oxidation and reduction half-reactions: Determine which species is being oxidized (losing electrons) and which is being reduced (gaining electrons).
Balance the atoms: Begin by balancing all atoms except hydrogen and oxygen in each half-reaction.
Balance the charges: Add electrons (e-) to one side of each half-reaction to balance the charges.
Balance the oxygen atoms: Add water (H2O) to the side of the equation that lacks oxygen atoms.
Balance the hydrogen atoms: Add hydrogen ions (H+) to the side of the equation that lacks hydrogen atoms. Keep in mind that the solution is acidic.
Balance the charges: Adjust the number of electrons (e-) on each side of the equation to ensure that the charges are balanced.
Multiply the half-reactions: Multiply each half-reaction by an appropriate factor so that the number of electrons gained and lost are equal.
Combine the half-reactions: Add the two balanced half-reactions together and cancel out common terms on both sides of the equation.
By following these steps, you can effectively write and balance complex half-reactions in acidic solutions, ensuring that the overall reaction is balanced in terms of both atoms and charges.
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Caffeine is a weak base with a b of 4.1×10^-4 Calculate the initial molar concentration of a solution of caffeine if the pH is 10.94.
Answers
Answer:430 mg/L = 0.43g/L
Explanation:
Chemical formula for barium chromate
Answers
Answer:
Ba + Cr + O₄
2 NH3 + 3 CuO → 3 Cu + N2 + 3 H2O In the above equation, how many grams of N2 can be made when 9.4 moles of CuO are consumed?
Answers
The mass of the N2 is 87.6 g.
What is number of moles?A mole is a unit of measurement in chemistry that represents an amount of a substance. It is defined as the number of entities (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) in a substance that contains the same number of entities as there are in 12 grams of pure carbon-12.
The number of moles can be calculated by dividing the mass of a substance by its molar mass (the mass of one mole of the substance).
We know that;
3 moles of the CuO produces 1 mole of N2
9.4 moles of CuO produced 9.4 * 1/3
= 3.13 moles
Mass of the N2 = 3.13 moles * 28 g/mol
=87.6 g
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Got the following equation, the number of moles oxygen gas needed to react with 4.00 mol Mg is ___. I picked B but I’m not sure if it’s correct
Answers
For this question, we should use the stichiometry of the reaction:
So, given that we have 4 mol of Mg:
So we actually need 2 moles of O2.
What is the following reactions using the half reaction method?1.) Pb(OH)42- + ClO- PbO2 + Cl-2.)Tl2O3 + NH2OH TlOH + N23.)Cr2O72- + CH3OH HCO2H + Cr3+
Answers
Answer:
Explanations:
Given the unbalanced chemical reaction as shown below:
\(Pb\left(OH\right)_4^{2-}+ClO^-→PbO_2+Cl^-\)Separate into half reactions
\(\begin{gathered} Pb(OH)_4^{2-}→PbO_2(Oxidation) \\ ClO^-\rightarrow Cl^-(Reduction) \end{gathered}\)Balance the atoms in each half reactions except hydrogen and oxygen
\(\begin{gathered} Pb(OH)_4^{2-}\rightarrow PbO_2 \\ ClO^-\rightarrow Cl^- \end{gathered}\)Balance the oxygen atoms by adding water (H2O)
\(\begin{gathered} Pb(OH)_4^{2-}\rightarrow PbO_2+2H_2O \\ ClO^-\rightarrow Cl^-+H_2O \end{gathered}\)\(\begin{gathered} Pb(OH)_4^{2-}\rightarrow PbO_2+2H_2O \\ ClO^-+2H^+\rightarrow Cl^-+H_2O \end{gathered}\)The hydrogen atoms has been balanced in the last equation
Balance the charges
\(\begin{gathered} Pb(OH)_4^{2-}\rightarrow PbO_2+2H_2O+2e^- \\ ClO^-+2H^++2e^-\rightarrow Cl^-+H_2O \end{gathered}\)Cancel the charge and add the half reactions to have:
\(Pb(OH)_4^{2-}+ClO^-+2H^+\rightarrow PbO_2+Cl^-+3H_2O\)convert 5.65 x 10^26 atoms of phosphorus to moles
Answers
Answer:
938.54 molesExplanation:
To find the number of moles in a substance given it's number of entities we use the formula
\(n = \frac{N}{L} \\\)
where n is the number of moles
N is the number of entities
L is the Avogadro's constant which is
6.02 × 10²³ entities
From the question
\(n = \frac{5.65 \times {10}^{26} }{6.02 \times {10}^{23} } \\ = 938.5382\)
We have the final answer as
938.54 molesHope this helps you
compare the pH value of the solution before the battery is connected to the pH value of the solution after the cell operates for 20 minutes
Answers
Without further details on the specific cell and its components, it is not possible to provide a definitive answer regarding the pH change before and after the cell operates for 20 minutes.
The pH value of a solution can potentially change before and after the operation of a cell, depending on the specific reaction occurring in the cell and the nature of the electrodes involved.
However, without additional information about the specific cell and its components, it is difficult to provide a definitive answer. The pH of a solution is influenced by the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the solution, which can be affected by various chemical reactions, including oxidation and reduction reactions occurring in the cell.
During the operation of a cell, the electrodes undergo chemical reactions, and ions from the electrolyte may participate in these reactions. These reactions can influence the concentration of hydrogen ions and potentially alter the pH of the solution. The direction of the pH change depends on the specific reactions occurring at the electrodes.
For example, in an electrolytic cell, the flow of electric current causes non-spontaneous redox reactions to occur. These reactions might involve the generation or consumption of hydrogen ions, which can affect the pH of the solution.
In a galvanic cell or battery, spontaneous redox reactions take place, and the pH changes can be more complex. The electrode materials, their potential, and the specific reaction kinetics can influence the pH changes in the solution.
Therefore, without further details on the specific cell and its components, it is not possible to provide a definitive answer regarding the pH change before and after the cell operates for 20 minutes. The pH change would depend on the specific reactions occurring in the cell and the behavior of the electrodes involved.
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How many moles of a solute is contained in 500mL of a 2.5 M solution?
Answers
Answer:
100M
Explanation:
(3.1 x 10^3) (1.00 x 10^7) =
Answers
Answer:
(3.1 x 10^3) (1.00 x 10^7) = 31000000000
10) Give two example of where you would find elements in our daily lives.
please help with this
Answers
Aluminum a light metal used in making pots and pans.
Bromine is used in photography.
The energy diagram shows the changes in energy during a chemical reaction.
Which statement best describes the total energy change of the system?
Potential energy
Reaction progress
A. The reactants have lower potential energy, and energy is
absorbed.
B. The reactants have lower potential energy, and energy is released.
C. The reactants have higher potential energy, and energy is released.
• D. The reactants have higher potential energy, and energy is
absorbed.
Answers
Answer: D.
Explanation:
In an exothermic reaction, the reactants have higher potential energy than the products, and energy is released. In an endothermic reaction, the reactants have lower potential energy than the products, and energy is absorbed. In this case, the statement that best describes the total energy change of the system is D. The reactants have higher potential energy, and energy is absorbed.
I hope this helps. Let me know if you have any other questions!
To find the order of a reaction with respect to one reactant, you will monitor the as the of . is changed.
Answers
The order of reaction is defined as the power to which the concentration of the reactants are raised in the rate equation of the reaction.
The order of reaction can be used to determine how a particular reactant affects the reaction. In order to find the order of a reaction with respect to a particular reactant, the concentration of the reactant is changed while keeping the concentration of other reactants constant. The rate of reaction is then measured and compared with the rate of reaction when the concentration of the reactant is not changed.The order of reaction with respect to a reactant can be determined using the following method:First, select a reactant whose order needs to be determined and change its concentration while keeping the concentration of other reactants constant. For example, if we want to find the order of reaction with respect to reactant A, we will change the concentration of A and keep the concentration of reactant B constant.Second, measure the rate of reaction at different concentrations of the reactant A. The rate of reaction can be measured by any suitable method such as change in color, pH, or by measuring the amount of product formed with time. A graph is plotted with rate of reaction on the y-axis and concentration of reactant A on the x-axis. The graph should be a straight line.Third, if the graph is a straight line passing through the origin, the order of reaction with respect to reactant A is one. If the graph is a straight line but does not pass through the origin, the order of reaction with respect to reactant A is two. If the graph is not a straight line, the order of reaction with respect to reactant A is either zero or fractional.For such more question on concentration
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