Suppose that you are working for a pharmaceutical company as a specialist on bacterial culture to test 2 different candidate inserts with different lenghts to produce large amounts of VEGF protein to stimulate endothelial cell growth, angiogenisis, and capillary permeability in mesenchymal stem cells by using bacteria. You have been informed that your manager has an overpopulated 2 E.coli bacteria solutions which are inserted ampicilline resistant plasmids pET-32a together with 2 different insert gene to produce VEGF protein. You’re supposed to propose a long experiment by using several techniques to check whether she could be able to 2 different insert plasmids in correct direction into bacteria and which gene produced higher amount of the VEGF protein via several steps:
1. Select the bacteria which has antibiotic resistant plasmid via seeding your bacteria solution by using proper procedure and materials (like proper mediums, agars etc.) and suppress the others.
2. Please note that, here, you have overpopulated bacteria solution. In order to perform further analysis, your colonies has to be countable and you have to be able to observe the morphology of these colonies and have to be able to select easily. (Please use hypertonic or hypotonic or isotonic solution if dilution is required and please explain why you are using your selected solution).
3. After selecting your bacteria which has antibiotic resistant plasmid, please propose 2 different methods to check whether the colonies are carrying your insert in the proper direction and use one of them by explaining the reasons why you select it. In here you have to check your bacteria’s genome only.
4. Please compare these 2 different inserts that you obtained finally in terms of production rate of the VEGF protein by designing new experiment.
You’re expecting to prepare a homework which includes an introduction, materials&methods, experimental procedure and proper expected results parts. The grading criteria for each part is following:
a. Writing the procedure in detail.
b. Proposing proper expected results for your experimental procedure.
c. Writing an introduction to each technique that you plan to use in your procedure.
Giving at least 7 references in the AMA citation style.
Answers
This experiment aims to test two different insert genes in E. coli bacteria for the production of VEGF protein. The experiment involves selecting antibiotic-resistant bacteria, ensuring countable colonies with observable morphology, verifying the presence of the insert in the correct direction, and comparing the production rates of the two inserts. The detailed procedure and expected results are provided, along with an introduction to the techniques used.
To begin the experiment, the bacteria with the antibiotic-resistant plasmid pET-32a need to be selected. This can be achieved by seeding the bacteria solution on a suitable medium, such as LB agar containing ampicillin. The ampicillin will suppress the growth of bacteria without the plasmid, allowing the selection of colonies carrying the plasmid.
Once the antibiotic-resistant colonies are obtained, it is crucial to ensure that the colonies are countable and have distinguishable morphologies. If the bacterial solution is overpopulated, a dilution step may be necessary. The choice of a hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic solution for dilution depends on the specific requirements of the experiment and the desired cell integrity. The selected solution should maintain cell viability while achieving a suitable colony density for accurate counting and morphological observation.
To confirm the presence of the insert genes in the correct direction, two different methods can be employed. One approach is PCR amplification using specific primers that flank the insert region. The presence of the expected amplicon would indicate the presence of the insert in the desired direction. Another method is DNA sequencing, which provides direct information about the DNA sequence and orientation of the insert.
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Related Questions
Which among the following statements best describes DNA replication?A. DNA replication is not valuable to human being.B. DNA replication creates a "Y" shape called replication fork.C. DNA replication set as a template for making the new strand of DNA.D. DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself
Answers
B. DNA replication creates a "Y" shape called replication fork best describes DNA replication
How exactly does DNA replicate?When a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied, it creates two identical DNA molecules. This process is known as DNA replication. Replication is a crucial process because anytime a cell splits, the two daughter cells must have the same genetic material, or DNA, as the parent cell.
Before they can divide, cells must duplicate their DNA. Due to effective inheritance of genetic characteristics, this guarantees that each daughter cell receives a copy of the genome. All species have the same fundamental mechanism for DNA replication, which is a crucial activity.
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If you were working for a pharmaceutical company as part of a drug discovery team, which of these enzyme inhibitors would you suggest as a productive avenue for drug development? Group of answer choices a compound that inhibits enzymes by significantly changing the pH throughout the body a drug to treat diabetes that irreversibly inhibits an enzyme in the metabolic pathway to synthesize glucose a drug to treat high blood pressure that reversibly inhibits an enzyme catalyzing production of a chemical that causes blood vessels to contract a compound that acts as a competitive inhibitor for a digestive enzyme produced only in the presence of certain foods
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - a drug to treat high blood pressure that reversibly inhibits an enzyme catalyzing production of a chemical that causes blood vessels to contract.
Explanation:
In the given all the situation or conditions that is practical and possible it the drug that develop to treat high blood pressure by reversibly inhibiting an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical that leads to constirctions of the blood vessels.
These chemical cause blood vessel constrict and that leads to high blood pressure therefore inhibiting such enzyme that use to produce these chemical is a practicle solution for high blood pressure.
how does the circulatory system work at the organ level? responses cardiac muscle contracts. cardiac muscle contracts. blood cells carry nutrients. blood cells carry nutrients. nutrients are delivered throughout the body. nutrients are delivered throughout the body. the heart pumps the blood.
Answers
The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body, as well as removing waste products. The circulatory system is responsible for delivering nutrients and removing waste products at the organ level.
At the organ level, the circulatory system works as follows: The heart, a muscular organ, pumps blood through a network of blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. Cardiac muscle contracts to generate the force necessary to move the blood throughout the body. As the blood circulates, it delivers nutrients, such as oxygen and glucose, to the body's organs and tissues. Blood cells, specifically red blood cells, play a vital role in carrying these nutrients. The nutrients are then absorbed by the cells and used for various metabolic processes. Additionally, the circulatory system removes waste products, such as carbon dioxide, from the body's cells and transports them to the lungs and kidneys for elimination. In summary, the circulatory system is responsible for delivering nutrients and removing waste products at the organ level.
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How is food moved through the
esophagus and small intestine?
A. The process of peristalsis which is small
muscle contractions squeeze food down the tube.
B. Food is moved by the pull of gravity through
the tubes in the body.
C. The food gets pushed through, as you eat
more it pushes the other food along.
D. Peristalsis is when long muscles the size of
the organ open the tube up for food to slide
through
nododemu of Science. All Rights Reserund
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
your stomach moves the food through the intestines by contracting itself and pushing the food through your stomach
HELPThe Punnett square shows the possible genotypecombinations of two parents who are homozygous fora trait.WWW WWWwWWWWwWhat is the probability of the parents having a childthat is heterozygous for this trait?O 0%O 25%O 75%O 100%
Answers
As we can see in the punnet square we have a recessive homozygous and a dominant homozygous, in the possible combinations that can have the offspring, that is to say the letters inside square we can see that all are heterozygus, e
Match each of the following brain structures with its description: _________.
a. Arachnoid mater:
b. Subarachnoid space:
c. Cerebral aqueduct:
d. Arachnoid villus:
e. Pia mater:
f. First and second ventricles:
g. Fourth ventricle:
h. Apertures:
i. Third ventricle:
j. Dura mater:
k. Interventricular foramina:
l. Superior sagittal sinus:
1. middle menninx.
2. located between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater.
3. connects third ventricle and fourth ventricle.
4. passageway for cerebrospinal fluid between fourth ventricle and subarachnoid space.
5. meninx that follows every convolution of brain.
6. lateral ventricles.
7. ventricle associated with the diencephalon.
8. structure that projects through dura mater into arachnoid mater.
9. ventricle located between brainstem and cerebellum.
10. outermost meninx.
11. connect the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle.
12. collects venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
Answers
Answer: Please see expalnation column for answer
Explanation:Matching the following brain structures with its description gives
1.Arachnoid mater – Middle meninx
2. Subarachnoid space - located between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater.
3. Cerebral aqueduct - connects third ventricle and fourth ventricle.
4.Arachnoid villus -structure that projects through the dura mater into arachnoid mater
5. Pia mater - Meninx that follows every convolution of the brain.
6. First and second ventricles – Lateral Ventricles
7. Fourth ventricle - ventricle located between brainstem and cerebellum.
8. Apertures - passageway for cerebrospinal fluid between fourth ventricles and subarachnoid space
9.Third ventricle - ventricle associated with diencephalon.
10. Dura mater – Outermost meninx
11. Interventricular foramina - Connects the lateral ventricle and third ventricle
12. Superior sagittal sinus - Collects venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
The inner membrane of the mitochondria provides a large for breaking the bonds in sugar molecules.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
It maintains the proton gradient that drives oxidative phosphorylation.
The inner membrane of the mitochondria does provide a large surface area for breaking down the bonds in sugar molecules.
What is mitochondria?Mitochondria are organelles found in the cells of eukaryotic organisms, including animals, plants, and fungi. They are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they are responsible for producing the majority of the cell's energy supply. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure, with an outer membrane and an inner membrane. The inner membrane is folded into small, finger-like projections called cristae, which increases the surface area of the membrane.
Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration, a process by which energy is extracted from organic molecules, such as glucose, to produce the energy-rich molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The energy released from this process is used by the cell to perform various functions, such as muscle contraction and protein synthesis.
Mitochondria also have their own DNA and reproduce independently of the cell. They are thought to have originated as a symbiotic relationship between ancient cells and bacteria. They have their own genetic material, which suggests that they have a separate evolutionary history from the rest of the cell.
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how long does copper deposits takes to form
Answers
Answer: 2 days and 14 hours
Explanation:
The
group
of marine protozoans
that lacks microscopic hairs is the
a. ciliates
b. flagellates
c. amebas
d. sponges.
Answers
Answer:
d
Explanation:
Some organisms, such as fish and mosquitoes, produce very large numbers of offspring. According to the theory of natural selection, why is producing a large number of offspring essential?
Answers
Answer:
producing a large number of offspring tend to make a relatively small energy investment in each other and don't usually provide much parental care.
Fossil evidence indicates that the first organisms on Earth were single-called prokaryotes. The first eukaryotes are believed to have formed from these prokaryotes. How does the endosymbiotic theory explain the development of the first eukaryotic organisms?.
Answers
The study of fossils shows that the eukaryotic cells have been evolved from the prokaryotic cells. The endosymbiotic theory has been used to study the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
The endosymbiotic theory states that:
Endosymbiotic theory is also referred to as the theory of symbiogenesis. The theory explains the evolution of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells. The theory explains the presence of chloroplasts and mitochondria, and how these organelles form the eukaryotic cells. The theory explains the origin of mitochondria in animal cells and chloroplasts in plant cells.
Thus, the endosymbiotic theory defines the development of eukaryotic cells from the prokaryotic cells.
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Which of the following is not a method by which antibiotics attempt to kill bacteria?
A Crippling the cell wall
B Forming a membrane around the cell
C Interfering with protein formation
D Block RNA and DNA synthesis
Answers
Answer:
(D) Block RNA and DNA synthesis.
Explanation:
Antibiotics conquer foreign bodies and germs through the process of Phagocytosis, nicknamed cell eating. this basically a process involving the surrounding of the invading cell and pentrating through the Cell wall and thus weakening the cell's overall structure.
What are 3 bases of RNA called?
Answers
Answer: Three of the bases are adenine, cytosine, uracil.
Explanation:
The 3 bases of RNA are called adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
What are nitrogenous bases?Nitrogenous bases are organic compounds that contain nitrogen and form the building blocks of DNA and RNA. They are a key component of nucleotides, which are the basic units of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). There are four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). In RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil (U).
Nitrogenous bases play a crucial role in genetic information storage and transfer. The specific sequence of nitrogenous bases determines the genetic code, which carries the information required to build proteins. The double helix structure of DNA is held together by the complementary base pairing between adenine and thymine, and between cytosine and guanine. These interactions are critical for maintaining the stability and accuracy of the genetic information.
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What prediction can you make about future levels
of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere?
Answers
Answer:
they will increase
Explanation:
constant increase in population is leading to increased demand for land. hence more trees will be cut down for land hence high co2 levels due to reduced photosynthesis.
high popn. also leads to more pollution hence high co2 conc.
What is a long chain of amino acids called?
polypeptices
cholesteral
monomers
polysaccharides
Answers
Answer:
polypeptides
I think you made a typo.
Which of the following statements is true?
a.Carbon-14 can only be used to date rocks.
b.Oxygen speeds the decay of dead organisms.
c.Epeirogenic changes deform the crust.
d.In turbite beds, the bottom layer is older than the top layer.
Answers
Explanation:
Oxygen speeds the decay of dead organisms. -is the true statement.
Which part of a cell is the fluid environment where molecules are broken down and new molecules made?
mitochondria
cell membrane
cytoplasm
cytosol
Answers
How would you classify the relationship between the crown-of-thorns starfish and the small crab?
Answers
Answer: Relationship: mutualistic
Algae: provide food for coral
Coral: regulates sunlight and houses algae
Bakit mahalagang isabuhay ang pangangalaga sa kalikasan at ano ang mga kakayahang mayroon ka upang maisabuhay ito?
Answers
Explanation:
The primary motivation for conservation and is to conserve wildlife and maintain biodiversity. Safeguarding wildlife and environment and conserving it for future generations ensures that the species we care about do not become extinct. The preservation of such ecosystems aids in the protection of the overall ecosystem.
type o blood contains both antigen a and antigen b on the red blood cells.t/f
Answers
Antigens A and B are found on the red blood cells of type o blood. This statement is false.
The presence or absence of antigens A and B determines an individual's blood type. In the ABO blood typing system, there are four major blood types: A, B, AB, and O.
Type A blood has antigen A on the surface of red blood cells, type B blood has antigen B, type AB blood has both antigen A and antigen B and type O blood has neither antigen A nor antigen B. Instead, type O blood has antibodies against both antigens A and B in the plasma. This means that individuals with type O blood can donate their blood to individuals with any ABO blood type, making type O blood the universal donor.
It's important to note that blood types are determined by the presence or absence of specific antigens on red blood cells, and these antigens play a crucial role in blood transfusion compatibility and organ transplantation.
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What does the narrator notice outside the house before he goes in?
a fissure or crack in the wall
a dead bird in a tree
curtains twitching
an alligator in the moat
Answers
Study island 7th grade
Answers
Answer:
A)
Explanation:
Genotypes are based on the Alleles (the actual letters) and phenotype is the physical trait (how they/it actually looks like).
Explain how DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis
Answers
Gel electrophoresis is a widely used technique in molecular biology that allows for the separation of DNA fragments based on their size and charge.
The process involves several steps:
Preparation of the gel: A gel matrix, usually made of agarose or polyacrylamide, is prepared and poured into a gel tray. Small wells are created at one end of the gel, which will hold the DNA samples.
Loading the samples: DNA samples, which have been treated with restriction enzymes to generate fragments of different sizes, are loaded into the wells of the gel.
Applying an electric field: The gel tray is immersed in a buffer solution, and an electric field is applied across the gel. One end of the gel serves as the positive electrode (anode), and the other end as the negative electrode (cathode).
Migration of DNA fragments: When the electric field is applied, negatively charged DNA fragments migrate through the gel towards the positive electrode. Smaller fragments move more quickly through the gel matrix, while larger fragments move more slowly.
Visualization of DNA bands: After the electrophoresis is complete, the DNA fragments are visualized using stains or fluorescent dyes. The bands formed on the gel represent the separated DNA fragments, with each band corresponding to a specific size.
By analyzing the position and intensity of the DNA bands, researchers can determine the size of DNA fragments and gain insights into various genetic phenomena, such as gene mapping, DNA sequencing, and genetic variation analysis.
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Which of the following is not a component of evolution by natural selection? a. Variation exists within a population. b. Organisms compete for resources. c. Individua…
Which of the following is not a component of evolution by natural selection?
a. Variation exists within a population.
b. Organisms compete for resources.
c. Individuals have different reproductive success.
d. Organisms adapt due to environmental changes.
e. Species are fixed.
Answers
The component of evolution by natural selection that is not listed is e. Species are fixed.
Evolution by natural selection requires variation within a population, competition for resources, differential reproductive success, and adaptation to environmental changes. However, the idea that species are fixed is not compatible with evolution. Evolutionary theory proposes that species change over time through natural selection and other mechanisms, and that new species can arise through speciation.
This understanding of the fluidity and diversity of species is a fundamental part of evolutionary biology. Therefore, option e is not a component of evolution by natural selection.
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STEP 2
To the side, there are several pictures of materials. Choose the materials that you think will
best model the cells and how they are connected. Construct a model of each tissue using the
pictures. You will want to duplicate (ctrl+D) the picture several times to create your model.
Create the models in the space below.
Tissue in skin
Tissue in heart
Answers
The cells are connected to each other by cell-cell adhesions.
The majority of the mechanical loads are carried by the cell-cell adhesions, which hold the cells together. Strong intracellular protein filaments, which are cytoskeleton elements, span each epithelial cell's cytoplasm and adhere to certain junctions in the plasma membrane to accomplish this.
The skin is made up of three tissue layers: the epidermis, and the outermost layer. The middle layer is the dermis. The bottom, or fatty layer, is the hypodermis. A coating is provided by epithelial tissue (skin, the linings of the various passages inside the body)
Only the heart contains cardiac muscle tissue, a unique, well-organized form of tissue. It is in charge of keeping the heart beating and the blood flowing throughout the body.
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abo blood type is a trait that demonstrates which type of inheritance?
Answers
that ABO blood type demonstrates multiple allele inheritance of what multiple allele inheritance means. In humans, the ABO blood type is determined by three alleles - A, B, and O. Each person one from each parent, and the are combination these two alleles determines their blood type.
The A and B alleles are co-dominant, meaning they both express their phenotype when present together. The O allele is recessive and only expresses its phenotype when paired with another O allele. This results in four possible blood types - A, B, AB, and O. So, the inheritance of ABO blood type involves multiple alleles interacting in a complex way to determine a person's phenotype.
The ABO blood type is a trait that demonstrates the type of inheritance known as "codominance." the term are we the "codominance" refers to the type of inheritance exhibited by the ABO blood type codominance, both alleles for are specific trait are expressed equally in an individual's phenotype, and neither allele is masked or dominates the other. The explanation for this is that ABO blood types have three alleles (A, B, and O), with both the A and B alleles being dominant over the O allele, and the A and B alleles are codominant with each other, leading to four possible blood types: A, B, AB, and O.
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PLS HELP
What will happen over time if a population of organisms from the same species is physically separated and can't reproduce with one another?
the two populations will become different species over time due to accumulated mutations occuring in both populations
The two populations will remain the same species even as mutations occur randomly in the different populations
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
the two populations will become different species over time due to accumulated mutations occuring in both populations
The two populations will become different species over time due to accumulated mutations occuring in both populations. Thus, option A is correct.
What are species and population?Species has been defined as the group of the potentially interfertile organisms that can be produce the fertile descendence. Organisms of the same species could live in the different areas, while the organisms of the same population use to live in only a particular area.
A population has been known as the group of the individuals of the same species that use to live in the given area. The individuals of that given population may or may not cross in order to produce the fertile descendence. Organisms of the same species that can live in the different areas, and while the organisms of the same population live in only one area.
Ecosystem has a level of the organization in which the different communities of different organisms along with their related abiotic factors, that use to interact with each other. This is a level of organization smaller than a biosphere and a biome.
Thus, option A is correct.
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Pls helpppp and thank youuuu
Answers
how many amino acids are coded by a set of codons that share the same first two nucleotide bases?
Answers
A set of codons that share the same first two nucleotide bases can code for up to 4 different amino acids.
The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins by living cells. The genetic code is based on a set of three nucleotides called codons.
Codons code for specific amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Each codon consists of three nucleotides (bases), and there are a total of 64 possible codons. Out of these, 61 codons code for specific amino acids, and the remaining three codons are called stop codons or termination codons signalling the end of protein synthesis.
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is ciara correct ? if she is correct explain why the moon always looks dark
Answers
Ciara is right. The Moon is in the new moon phase when it is in the position shown in Diagram A, which is between the Sun and the Earth.
What causes the Moon to appear dark from Earth?
The side of the Moon facing the Earth is completely dark during this phase because it is not illuminated by the Sun, as shown in Diagram B.
Ciara would need to draw the Sun on the left side of Diagram A and indicate the light rays emanating from the Sun to the right side of the Moon to show the light on the Moon.
It's also worth noting that the Moon can appear dark when it's not in the new moon position, such as during a lunar eclipse, when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, casting a shadow on the Moon's surface. During a new moon phase, however, the Moon appears completely dark from Earth.