Tetrodotoxin is a potent toxin found in a variety of organisms including the pufferfish. The toxin binds to the extracellular side of the Na+ channel and prevents channel opening. This leads to paralysis of muscles, including the diaphragm. Death from respiratory failure can occur after ingestion of as little as 1 mg of the toxin. Why does this toxin cause paralysis? Question 7 options: The axon membranes become over-depolarized. The Na+ channels remain in the inactive, refractory state. The Na+ channel does not open wide enough to allow enough Na+ through the channel. The membrane depolarization is not amplified along the axon.
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - The membrane depolarization is not amplified along the axon.
Explanation:
Tetrodotoxin, a neurotoxin present in the liver and gonads of Marine organisms. it can inhibit the soidum channels which means it blocks the entering of the sodium in the cells or neurons if consumed it and it can lead to neurological and gastrointestinal disorders.
These toxins block the signals to move along the nerves to muscles In absence of sodium action potential cannot be sent along the axon by blocking the sodium channels. This results in weakening and paralysis.
Related Questions
Develop a project plan, clearly indicating the project scope, deliverables, flow of deliverables, project. activities, Work Break Structure (WBS), the schedule, quality criteria, and expected risks. (50Marks) Project: Conference - You are required to organize and run a conference for 100 delegates. - The date and subject matter are set. - The focus of the conference is to bring members of Project Management profession up to date on recent procedures and standards and to developments in professional allow for networking between fellow members. Task 2 A farmer has been allocated 100 hectares of an arable land in Otavi. The farmer is not sure whether to grow vegetables or to produce livestock feed on the plot. He then approaches you for advice as to which option will maximize his benefits from an efficiency point of view. Prepare a detailed Project plan for each of the two options. (50Marks) 2. Use the Cost-Benefit Analysis Method to compare which option will bring more economic benefits. 3. What other factors would you consider in making final recommendations? 4. Use Chapters in the prescribed textbook and any other resources to guide you in the assignment. NB: Students are expected to have read Chapters in the prescribed textbook and apply the Cost-Benefit analysis method to the given project.
Answers
1. Organize and run a conference for 100 delegates in order to update project management professionals on recent procedures and standards and facilitate networking opportunities. 2. Successful execution of the conference, updated procedures and standards material, networking opportunities. 3. Pre-conference planning, venue setup, registration, keynote speeches, breakout sessions, networking activities, post-conference evaluation. 4. Project Activities: Venue selection, budgeting, speaker invitations, program development, marketing and promotion, logistics management, registration process, on-site coordination.
Task 1: Organizing a Conference
1. Project Scope:
Organize and run a conference for 100 delegates.Date and subject matter are already set.Focus on updating project management professionals on recent procedures, standards, and developments in the profession.Provide networking opportunities for conference attendees.2. Deliverables:
Successfully organized conference event.Well-informed and engaged conference attendees.Networking opportunities for project management professionals.3. Flow of Deliverables:
Pre-conference planning and preparationConference event executionPost-conference follow-up and evaluation4. Project Activities:
Venue selection and bookingDeveloping a conference program/agendaIdentifying and inviting relevant speakers/presentersManaging registrations and attendee communicationsOrganizing logistics (catering, audiovisual equipment, signage, etc.)Coordinating networking activitiesConducting post-conference evaluation and feedback collection5. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS):
Each project activity should be broken down into smaller, manageable tasks to create a comprehensive WBS.6. Schedule:
Create a timeline outlining the start and end dates of each project activity, including dependencies and milestones.7. Quality Criteria:
Define specific quality standards for each deliverable, such as the professionalism of speakers, attendee satisfaction, smooth event logistics, and effective networking opportunities.8. Expected Risks:
Identify potential risks and develop a risk management plan, including strategies to mitigate, transfer, or accept risks associated with the conference. Risks could include budget overruns, speaker cancellations, technical failures, or low attendance.Task 2: Farmer's Land Allocation
1. Project Options:
Option 1: Growing vegetables on the plot.Option 2: Producing livestock feed on the plot.2. Cost-Benefit Analysis:
Conduct a cost-benefit analysis for each option to compare the economic benefits.Identify and quantify costs associated with each option (e.g., land preparation, seeds, equipment, labor, maintenance).Identify and quantify benefits (e.g., crop yield, market prices, potential profits, savings on feed costs).3. Other Factors for Consideration:
Environmental factors (water availability, soil suitability)Market demand for vegetables and livestock feedFarmer's expertise and resourcesPotential risks and challenges specific to each option (e.g., pests, diseases, market fluctuations)To learn more about project plan, here
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predict what happen to the human and the plants if the transport system are affected
Answers
I think we'll be scared and panicked and some people will die of overthinking
What kind of relationship is exhibited between fungus and algae. The photosynthetic algae provide food for the fungus, which in turn provides a suitable living environment.a.Commensalismb.Mutualismc.Not enough information providedd.Parasitism
Answers
The correct answer is the letter B. MUTUALISM
Mutualism refers to the symbiotic relationship where both of the organisms involved benefit from each other.
the a and the b gene both contribute to pigment production in a plant with dark purple petals; aa mutants are uniformly light purple while bb mutants have patches of purple. if the a and b genes work together to perform an essential cellular function, what progeny ratios will result when aabb is self-fertilized?
Answers
If the a and b genes work together to perform an essential cellular function, then aabb is likely to be lethal, and no viable progeny will be produced.
In genetics, the principle of dominance states that when two different alleles (versions of a gene) are present, one allele will be expressed over the other. In this case, both A and B contribute to pigment production, and therefore, they are both dominant over their respective recessive alleles, a and b.
When a plant with genotype AaBb is self-fertilized, the gametes produced will have one allele from each gene pair. The possible gametes are AB, Ab, aB, and ab. When these gametes combine, the resulting offspring can have the genotypes AABB, AABb, AaBB, AaBb, aaBB, aaBb, AAbb, and aabb.
However, if aabb is lethal, then it will not be present among the progeny. Therefore, the remaining genotypes and their corresponding phenotypes can be arranged into the following Punnett square: that the expected progeny ratios are 1:2:1 for the genotypes AABB, AABb, AaBB, and AaBb, respectively.
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of the taxa listed on the phylogeny, which is more closely related to bats?
Answers
On a phylogenetic tree, extra carefully associated terminal taxa are linked with the aid of shallower nodes
(i.e., nodes nearer to the recommendations of the tree) and extra distantly associated terminal taxa are related with the aid of deeper nodes (i.e., nodes nearer to the base of the tree).
What is a taxon in a phylogenetic tree?A 'taxon' is a team of organisms at any hierarchical rank, such as a family, genus, or species.
The recommendations of a phylogenetic tree are most in many instances living, however may additionally additionally symbolize the ends of extinct lineages or fossils.
As in the bushes you are already acquainted with, recommendations or leaves are subtended by way of branches.
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The biological theory of aging known as the _______ theory suggests that cells can divide a maximum number of about 75 to 80 times and that cells become less capable of dividing as people age.
Answers
Answer:
cellular clock theory
Explanation:
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-Can someone help me translate this sequence into RNA. T A C T T A A G T A T G-
Answers
Answer: U T G U U TT C U U A C
Explanation:
in meiosis shown in the image, homologous chromosomes separate in step a, which is called ______, and four haploid nuclei are formed in step b, which is called ______.
Answers
In meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate in step a, which is called "anaphase I," and four haploid nuclei are formed in step b, which is called "cytokinesis II."
During anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes, which consist of one chromosome from each parent, separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell. This ensures that each resulting cell receives only one copy of each chromosome pair.
Anaphase I is a crucial step in meiosis as it ensures the distribution of genetic material between the daughter cells is randomized and contributes to genetic diversity.
Following anaphase I, the cell enters cytokinesis II, the second stage of cell division in meiosis. Cytokinesis II involves the physical separation of the two cells formed after anaphase I, resulting in the formation of four haploid nuclei, each containing a single set of chromosomes.
These nuclei go on to further undergo a process called "telophase II" to form four distinct haploid cells, known as gametes, which are essential for sexual reproduction.
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So first I have to write on the bottom so it say I have to write an explanation about why my activity was scientific and I have to put which field of study my activity most closely connects with. you I must have 5 sentences in my explanation.
These are the fields of study:
Environmental science
Biology
Chemistry
Physical properties of matter
Gravity and forces
Newton’s law
Geology
Energy
Astrology
Technology
Engineering
Oceanography
Meteorology
Answers
Its activity was scientific because it allowed the visualization of elements of nature that occur and are explained through science.
What areas of study apply to this activity?Environmental science.Biology.Oceanography.Environmental science can be seen when you and your family observe elements of nature during the trip, such as the environment around you and the beings that make it up such as plants, animals, the wind, and the sun, among others.
This also allows you to see biological elements, as most of the activities took place in contact with outdoor environments that have many biological resources.
Finally, you say that you were observing the waves in the ocean and this is directly related to oceanography, which studies how the movement of the ocean can form waves.
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A student is working on a lab exercise learning the techniques used in extracting DNA from blood. What forensic science discipline is the student practicing?
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Forensic pathology is the discipline of forensic science which is used by the student who is working in the laboratory exercise learning the techniques used in DNA extraction.
What is DNA extraction?DNA extraction is the procedure of removal of the genetic material (DNA) from the cell or the evidence which are found at the crime scene to find the criminal.
Forensic Biology is the branch of science which involves the application of concepts and procedures in the biological sciences, typically in a medico-legal context. Forensic biologists analyze the samples, as well as the physiological fluids that are relevant to a legal investigation present on the crime scene. Forensic molecular biology (DNA) is the branch of forensic pathology which is used in the extraction and analysis of DNA found at the site of crime.
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what parts of the supply chain are most closely involved with
the situation in this avion case? what is the responsibility of
each part in order to maintain a smooth flow of material
Answers
In the Avion case, the parts of the supply chain that are closely involved include procurement, production, and distribution. If any of these processes break down, it can affect the entire supply chain.
Procurement is responsible for obtaining the raw materials necessary to create the final product. The responsibility of procurement in maintaining a smooth flow of material is to ensure the availability of raw materials. The process begins with selecting suppliers who can provide quality materials at the most favorable price. The procurement department must have contracts and agreements in place with suppliers and have regular communication with them to ensure the timely delivery of raw materials to the production plant.
Production, on the other hand, is responsible for ensuring that the manufacturing processes are efficient and productive. The department should maintain quality control in the manufacturing process to ensure that the final product meets the required standards and specifications. They should also ensure that the production process is cost-effective and that the production line is running smoothly and producing at maximum capacity.
Distribution is responsible for delivering the final product to the customers. Their role is to ensure the timely delivery of the product to the customers. To achieve this, the distribution team must have a good understanding of the customer's requirements and have an efficient delivery process in place. They should also monitor the delivery process regularly and make adjustments when necessary to ensure that the final product reaches the customers on time.
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transcipton and translation worksheet
Answers
Transcription is a process of converting DNA information into mRNA, and translation is a process of converting that RNA information into protein.
What is central dogma?The biological process through which proteins are created from genetic material is referred to as the central dogma of biology. This process is the flow of genetic information inside a biological system.
While translation is the process by which mRNA is used to create amino acid sequences, transcription is the process by which DNA is utilized to produce mRNA molecules.
Therefore, information from DNA is transformed into mRNA through transcription, and information from RNA is transformed into protein through translation.
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Variables – Procedure 2
1. What was the independent variable in Procedure 2? (1 point)
2. What was the dependent variable in Procedure 2? (1 point)
3. List three (3) controlled variables in Procedure 2. (1 point) (Hint: NOT Beaker C with the plain water)
and
Variables – Procedure 1
1. What was the independent variable in Procedure 1? (1 point)
2. What was the dependent variable in Procedure 1? (1 point)
3. List three (3) controlled variables in Procedure 1. (1 point) (Hint: NOT Beaker C with the plain water)
Answers
The independent variable in Procedure 2 was the type of solution or substance used in Beaker C (the beaker with the plain water).The independent variable in Procedure 1 could vary based on the specific experiment being conducted.
Variable 1
The dependent variable in Procedure 2 could vary based on the specific experiment being conducted. It could be a measurement or observation related to the behavior or properties of the substances in Beaker C.
Three controlled variables in Procedure 2 could include:
a. The volume or amount of each solution or substance used in Beaker C.
b. The temperature at which the experiment was conducted.
c. The duration or time interval for which the experiment was carried out.
Variables – Procedure 1:
It could be a factor that is manipulated or changed to observe its effects on the system or process.
The dependent variable in Procedure 1 would be the outcome or result that is measured or observed in response to the changes made to the independent variable.
Three controlled variables in Procedure 1 could include:
a. The initial conditions or starting point of the system or process being studied.
b. The equipment or apparatus used to carry out the experiment.
c. The environmental conditions, such as temperature or pressure, maintained throughout the experiment.
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Match the term to the most correct definition. The process of determining the future value of an investment made today: The process of determining the present value of money to be received in t future: Equal periodic payments of principal and interest to repay any investment: The periodic repayment of principal and interest for a given loan: This TVM calculator key is used to enter or compute periodic level payments, such as monthly payments on a fixed rate mortgage: The value of a stream of payments and/or single future amount to be received over a specified number of discounting periods: The sum of the present values of all future cash flows, netted against the initial investment: The general term for the annual return provided by cash flows such as stock dividends or bond coupon payments: The general term for the annual return provided by the growth or increase in value of the investment itself, separate from annual cash flows: The percentage rate earned on each dollar invested for the entire time it is invested, this includes both the periodic and appreciation return:
Answers
The process of determining the future value of an investment made today is called compounding.
Compounding refers to the process of calculating the future value of an investment by considering the initial amount invested, the interest rate, and the time period. It takes into account the concept of earning interest on both the principal amount and any accumulated interest. Through compounding, the investment grows over time as the interest is added to the principal, generating additional returns. This allows investors to estimate the value of their investment at a future date, taking into account the effects of compound interest. It is an essential concept in finance and helps individuals and businesses make informed decisions regarding their investments.
In compounding, the future value of an investment is determined by considering factors such as the interest rate, the length of the investment period, and the frequency of compounding. The more frequent the compounding, the greater the future value of the investment. This concept is widely used in various financial calculations, such as calculating the growth of savings accounts, estimating the value of retirement funds, or assessing the profitability of long-term investments. Compounding allows investors to understand the potential growth of their investments over time and make strategic decisions accordingly. It highlights the power of time and compound interest in generating wealth and achieving financial goals.
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how do most protein machines, such as those involved in dna replication and protein synthesis, coordinate their activities? choose one: a. synthesis of protein subunits b. rapid hydrolysis of bound nucleoside triphosphates: atp or gtp c. breakdown of protein subunits d. formation of covalent bonds by dehydration between the protein subunits e. enzyme-mediated phosphorylation of the protein subunits
Answers
Answer:B
Explanation:
What type of data is recorded by the electrocardiogram?
A.
the sound of the heart beating
B.
the amount of oxygen in the blood
C.
the electrical activity of the heart
D.
the force from the heart beating
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
if on a distant planet, you discovered an organism with the same dna/rna that we have but 30 amino acids, what is the minimum number of nucleotides that would be needed to uniquely code for those 30 amino acids?
Answers
The minimum number of nucleotides that would be needed to uniquely code for those 30 amino acids is 90 nucleotides.
In order to determine the minimum number of nucleotides required to uniquely code for 30 amino acids, we need to consider the number of nucleotides needed to code for each amino acid.
In our genetic code, each amino acid is represented by a sequence of three nucleotides called a codon. Since there are four different nucleotides (A, T, C, and G), the total number of possible codons is 4³ = 64. However, there are only 20 standard amino acids encoded by the genetic code, so some amino acids are encoded by multiple codons. This means that not all 64 codons are necessary to code for 20 amino acids.
To determine the minimum number of nucleotides required, we can use the formula N = 3 × M, where N is the number of nucleotides and M is the number of amino acids. However, since we have 30 amino acids in this case, the minimum number of nucleotides needed would be N = 3 × 30 = 90 nucleotides.
Therefore, to uniquely code for 30 amino acids in an organism with the same DNA/RNA as ours but only 30 amino acids, a minimum of 90 nucleotides would be needed.
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Which animal eat the men
Answers
carnivores are those animals who feed on other flesh for its survival
they include :
lions, tigers, leopards, polar bears, crocodiles
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Do all cells (brain cells, skin cells, liver cells, etc) express the genes or make the same proteins
Answers
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
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What is the best example of Environmental Variation?A. Blood groupB. Number of limbsC. Jacket colorD. Organism size
Answers
Answer
A. Blood group
Explanation
B
A project about How do vaccines be used to fight outbreaks please someone help i'll give brainlist
Answers
Answer:
building up antibodies in the immune system of those who get a vaccine
Explanation:
A vaccine is a small amount of the live virus being fought, given in such a small amount that is will not get you too sick for your body to fight it off. By inserting that small amount of the virus into the body it can build up its immunity to that virus. This means if the immunized body gets exposed to the virus later it already has its antibodies built up to fight off the virus in full. think of it as a set of instructions on how to get rid of this thing that is attacking you. when mass quantities of the vaccines are spread through a population, the virus has a lesser probability of making lots of people badly sick. But the vaccine will only do its job if a lot of people get it.
After photosynthesis, plants store their energy as
a)chlorophyll
b)pigment
c)glucose (sugar)
d)oxygen
Answers
Answer:
C
Explanation:
energy stored as sugar within chloroplasts -- the energy factories found in plant cells.
“Some viruses are programmed to reproduce by identifying bacteria, killing them, and assembling new viruses.viruses do not eat the bacteria and do not grow after they are made. Viruses are not alive. Explain two reasons why.”
Answers
1. Viruses cannot reproduce on their own: Unlike living organisms, viruses cannot reproduce on their own. They need to infect a host cell and hijack the host cell's machinery in order to replicate themselves. Once they have infected a host cell, they use the cell's energy and resources to create new copies of themselves. However, they do not have the ability to reproduce outside of a host cell.
2. Viruses do not have the ability to carry out metabolic processes: Living organisms carry out metabolic processes, such as respiration and digestion, in order to obtain energy and nutrients. Viruses do not have the ability to carry out these processes on their own. They rely entirely on the host cell to provide them with energy and nutrients. In fact, viruses do not even have the necessary machinery to carry out these processes. They lack the organelles, such as mitochondria, that are responsible for energy production in living cells.
In which two spheres can carbon in the form of co2 do the most damage
Answers
Carbon in the form of CO2 can do the most damage in the spheres of atmosphere and hydrosphere.
The atmosphere is the envelope of gases that surround the Earth and protects it from the sun's harmful radiation. The atmosphere plays a vital role in regulating the Earth's temperature, protecting life on Earth, and influencing weather and climate patterns.The hydrosphere is the Earth's water-containing layer, which includes oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater, and other bodies of water. The hydrosphere, like the atmosphere, plays a vital role in supporting life on Earth and regulating climate patterns.Carbon in the form of CO2 can do a lot of damage in these two spheres because when CO2 is emitted into the atmosphere, it traps heat and causes global temperatures to rise, resulting in climate change. Additionally, when CO2 is absorbed by the oceans, it causes the water to become more acidic, which can harm marine life and disrupt the food chain.
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Read the passage about the fluoridation of drinking water.
Since the early 1960s, fluoride has been added to many sources of drinking water to prevent cavities in teeth. This is called fluoridation. There are some who say that this is unnecessary and increases the risk of cancer.
In 1993, the Subcommittee on Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride of the National Research Council, part of the National Academy of Sciences, conducted an extensive study about the link between fluoridated drinking water and increased cancer risk. The study included data from more than 50 human disease studies and six animal studies. The Subcommittee concluded that none of the data showed a link between fluoridated drinking water and cancer. A 1999 report by the CDC supported these findings. The CDC report concluded that studies so far have produced "no credible evidence” of a link between fluoridated drinking water and an increased risk for cancer.
According to the article, what valid claim came from the National Research Council?
A. There is no link between fluoride exposure and increased cancer risk in humans.
B. There is a possible link between fluoride exposure and increased cancer risk in humans.
C. There is a definite link between fluoride exposure and increased cancer risk in humans and animals.
D. There is a possible link between fluoride exposure and increased cancer risk in animals.
Answers
Answer: A. There is no association between fluoride exposure and increased cancer risk in humans.
Explanation: just did it.
The offspring of two true-breeding parents that differ in a single character are called single-character hybrids, or.
Answers
Single-character hybrids, also known as monohybrids, are the offspring of two true-breeding parents who differ in just one character.
Monohybrids did not exhibit an intermediate trait, but rather resembled one of the two parents. The monohybrids show the trait and the trait is disguised when two true-breeding plants that are different in only one characteristic are crossed. The number of traits being studied in the progeny is the primary distinction between monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. One trait is expected to be inherited in a monohybrid cross. Monohybrid crossings occur when the parents are homozygous for the same trait but differ in another characteristic.
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Which of the following statements correctly defines geology?
a). It is the scientific study of the history of Earth and the processes that shape it
b). It is the scientific study of the history of the solar system and the process that shape it
c). It is the scientific study of the development of life on Earth and the processes that change it
d). It is the scientific study of the structure of Earth's atmosphere and the processes that change it
Answers
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
A). It is the scientific study of the history of Earth and the processes that shape it.
Which of the following does not belong?
O
A. Enzyme
O
B. Amino acids
O
C. Protein
O
D. Lipid
Answers
Answer:
c is your answer
Explanation:
What are the
limitations when
using this model
of the geologic
time scale?
Answers
Answer:
They used relative dating to divide Earth's past in several chunks of time when similar organisms were on Earth. Later, scientists used absolute dating to determine the actual number of years ago that events happened. The geologic time scale is divided into eons, eras, periods, and epochs.
Explanation:
Which part of the fluorescence microscope will you adjust to direct the appropriate excitation wavelengths at your specimen?
Answers
We will adjust dichromatic beam-splitters of the fluorescence microscope to direct the appropriate excitation wavelengths at your specimen.
Dichromatic beam-splitters are placed 45 degrees apart from the direction taken by the excitation light as it enters the cube through the fluorescence illuminator using reflected light. They serve the purpose of guiding the chosen excitation light, which has shorter wavelengths, through the objective and onto the specimen. The sample must first be marked with fluorescent dyes or other chemicals known as fluorophores in order to be seen under a fluorescence microscope.
Dichroic mirrors, a type of specialized filter, are made to effectively reflect excitation wavelengths while allowing emission wavelengths to pass. They are positioned in the light path after the exciter filter but before the barrier filter and are used in reflected light fluorescence illuminators.
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