The acid HOCI (hypochlorous acid) is produced by bubbling chlorine gas through a suspension of solid mercury(II) oxide particles in liquid water according to the equation: 2HgO(8) + H2O(1) + 2Cl2 (9) 2H0Cl(aq) + HgO. HgCl2 (8) What is the equilibrium constant expression for this reaction?
Answers
The equilibrium constant expression for the given reaction is: Kc = [HOC1]2[HgCl2] / [Cl2]2.
In order to determine the equilibrium constant expression for the given reaction, it is important to know the relationship between the concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium. For this, we use the law of mass action, which states that the product of the concentrations of the products raised to their stoichiometric coefficients divided by the product of the concentrations.
Reactants raised to their stoichiometric coefficients is equal to the equilibrium constant. This can be expressed mathematically as:Kc = [HOC1]2[HgO][HgCl2] / [HgO]2[Cl2]2[H2O]We can simplify the above expression by eliminating the concentration of water as it is in excess. Also, we know that the concentration of the solid is constant.
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Related Questions
Mole Conversions
What is the mass in grams of
0.625 mol Ba(NO3)2?(please show work)
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Using the formula as follows: mole = mass/molar mass
Molar mass of Ba(NO3)2
= 137 + (14 + 48)2
= 137 + 124
= 261g/mol
Mole = mass ÷ molar mass
0.625 mol = mass/261g/mol
mass = 0.625 × 261
mass = 163g
3. For a demonstration, a teacher reacts 5.38 g of potassium iodide, KI, and 10.5 g lead(II) nitrate,
Pb(NO3)2.. The reaction proceeds as shown in the chemical equation below.
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KI(aq) → 2KNO3(aq) + Pbl₂(s)
After filtering and drying the precipitate, the teacher determines that 7.02 g of lead(II) iodide, PbI2, have
been produced.
a) What is the theoretical yield of Pbl2(s)?
b) What is the percentage yield of Pbl₂(s)?
c) What is one possible explanation for the answer to part b)?
Answers
The percent yield of the solution is obtained as 94%.
Percent yield of a reactionWe know that the reaction equation for the problem that we have here can be written as;
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KI(aq) → 2KNO3(aq) + Pbl₂(s)
Number of moles of Pb(NO3)2 = 10.5 g /331 g/mol
= 0.0317 moles
Number of moles of KI = 5.38 g/166 g/mol
= 0.0324 moles
If 1 mole of Pb(NO3)2 reacts with 2 moles of KI
0.0317 moles of Pb(NO3)2 reacts with 0.0317 * 2/1
= 0.0634
Thus KI is the limiting reactant.
Then;
2 moles of KI produces 1 mole of PbI2
0.0324 moles of KI will produce 0.0324 moles * 1 mole/2 moles
= 0.0162 moles of PbI2
Mass of PbI2 produced is;
0.0162 moles * 461 g/mol
= 7.47 g
Thus percent yield = 7.02 g / 7.47 g * 100/1
= 94%
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why is propene the second member of the alkene homologous series?
why is it not ethene?
Answers
Answer:
Because alkenes are hydrocarbons with at least one carbon-carbon double bond the alkene homologous series starts at ethene C2H4.
Explanation:
Electronegativity shares the same trend as lonization Energy for the same
reasons. Which statement best explains why fluorine has the highest
electronegativity (i.e., attracts shared electrons strongly)? *
a) The valence electrons are relatively close to the nucleus.
b) Fluorine has little attraction for its valence electrons and shares them easily.
c) The noble gases do not tend to bond with other elements so it is difficult to measure
their electronegativity values.
d) Fluorine has the smallest atomic radius out of all known elements.
Answers
Fluorine is the most electronegative element because it has 5 electrons in it's 2P shell. The optimal electron configuration of the 2P orbital contains 6 electrons, so since Fluorine is so close to ideal electron configuration, the electrons are held very tightly to the nucleus.Aug 15, 2020
Electronegativity: 3.98
Electron Configuration: 1s22s22p5
Which functional group is NOT present in the molecule below? A) Benzene ring B) Amino group C) Carbonyl group
Answers
The given molecule possesses a benzene ring and an amino group, but it does not contain a carbonyl group. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Carbonyl group.
A carbonyl group is characterized by a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and is commonly found in functional groups such as aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids.
However, in this case, the molecule does not exhibit the presence of a carbonyl group.
Therefore, the correct answer is C) Carbonyl group. It is important to accurately identify the functional groups present in a molecule as they play a significant role in its chemical properties and reactivity.
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A solution of 50% dextrose 500 mL, 8.5% Aminosyn 500 mL, and sterile water for injection 300 mL is ordered. What is the total weight (in grams) of the dextrose? ANS: - What is the total weight (in grams) of Aminosyn? ANS: -20 mEq of KCI are needed in the infusion above. How many mL of KCI should be added? Stock strength available: KCl 2 mEq/mL ANS: 22 mEq of NaCl are also needed in the infusion. What volume of NaCl should be added? Stock strength available: NaCl 4.4 mEq/mL ANS: What is the total volume of solution with the original fluids and the addition of KCI and NaCI? ANS:
Answers
The total weight of dextrose is 250 grams.
The total weight of Aminosyn is 42.5 grams.
10 mL of KCI should be added.
5 mL of NaCl should be added.
The total volume of the solution with the original fluids and the addition of KCI and NaCl is 1315 mL.
To calculate the total weight of dextrose, we need to know the concentration of the 50% dextrose solution. Assuming the concentration refers to weight/volume (w/v), we can calculate the weight using the formula:
Weight of dextrose = (Concentration of dextrose * Volume of dextrose solution) / 100
Weight of dextrose = (50 * 500) / 100
Weight of dextrose = 250 g
Therefore, the total weight of dextrose is 250 grams.
To calculate the total weight of Aminosyn, we need to know the concentration of the 8.5% Aminosyn solution. Assuming the concentration refers to weight/volume (w/v), we can calculate the weight using the same formula as above:
Weight of Aminosyn = (Concentration of Aminosyn * Volume of Aminosyn solution) / 100
Weight of Aminosyn = (8.5 * 500) / 100
Weight of Aminosyn = 42.5 g
Therefore, the total weight of Aminosyn is 42.5 grams.
To calculate the volume of KCI to be added, we need to know the strength of the stock KCI solution. Assuming the stock KCI solution is 2 mEq/mL, we can calculate the volume of KCI using the formula:
Volume of KCI = (Amount of KCI needed) / (Strength of KCI solution)
Volume of KCI = 20 mEq / 2 mEq/mL
Volume of KCI = 10 mL
Therefore, 10 mL of KCI should be added.
To calculate the volume of NaCl to be added, we need to know the strength of the stock NaCl solution. Assuming the stock NaCl solution is 4.4 mEq/mL, we can calculate the volume of NaCl using the formula:
Volume of NaCl = (Amount of NaCl needed) / (Strength of NaCl solution)
Volume of NaCl = 22 mEq / 4.4 mEq/mL
Volume of NaCl = 5 mL
Therefore, 5 mL of NaCl should be added.
The total volume of the solution with the original fluids and the addition of KCI and NaCl can be calculated by adding the volumes of all the components:
Total volume = Volume of dextrose solution + Volume of Aminosyn solution + Volume of sterile water + Volume of KCI + Volume of NaCl
Total volume = 500 mL + 500 mL + 300 mL + 10 mL + 5 mL
Total volume = 1315 mL
Therefore, the total volume of the solution is 1315 mL.
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Match the general trends in nuclear stability with the description of the nucleus. Stable nuclei with Z ≤ 20 Stable nuclei with Z > 20 Z>82 Stable combinations of neutrons and protons
Answers
The matching general trends in nuclear stability with the description of the nucleus. Stable nuclei with Z ≤ 20 have an equal number of protons and neutrons, whereas stable nuclei with Z > 20 have an excess of neutrons and a neutron-to-proton ratio of approximately 1.5:1.
Here are the matching general trends in nuclear stability with the description of the nucleus:
Stable nuclei with Z ≤ 20: They have equal numbers of protons and neutrons.
Stable nuclei with Z > 20: They have a neutron-to-proton ratio of about 1.5:1 and are characterized by a nucleus with an excessive number of neutrons.
Z>82: Nuclei with atomic numbers greater than 82 are unstable and radioactive because their nucleus is too big and the Coulomb force between protons is too strong.
They emit alpha, beta, or gamma radiation to become more stable.
Stable combinations of neutrons and protons: Nuclei with stable combinations of neutrons and protons have a neutron-to-proton ratio that is as close to 1 as feasible.
Nuclear stability can be defined as the propensity of an atomic nucleus to decay and emit radiation.
To achieve nuclear stability, atomic nuclei strive to attain a specific number of neutrons and protons.
The stability of a nucleus is determined by the ratio of neutrons to protons it contains, which is referred to as the neutron-to-proton ratio.
The stability of a nucleus may be determined by comparing the number of protons and neutrons it contains.
Stable nuclei with Z ≤ 20 have an equal number of protons and neutrons, whereas stable nuclei with Z > 20 have an excess of neutrons and a neutron-to-proton ratio of approximately 1.5:1.
Nuclei with atomic numbers greater than 82 are unstable and radioactive because their nucleus is too big and the Coulomb force between protons is too strong.
They emit alpha, beta, or gamma radiation to become more stable. Nuclei with stable combinations of neutrons and protons have a neutron-to-proton ratio that is as close to 1 as possible.
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what is soluminescence? How does it work?
Answers
Answer:
Sonoluminescence can occur when a sound wave of sufficient intensity induces a gaseous cavity within a liquid to collapse quickly. [...] The bubbles are very small when they emit the light—about 1 micrometer in diameter—depending on the ambient fluid (e.g., water) and the gas content of the bubble (e.g., atmospheric air).
Explanation:
Source is Google
No links no bots please
which element is most likely to react with Br
Sr
Ar
K
O
Answers
There are two types of chemical compound one is covalent compound and another is ionic compound in chemistry. In ionic bonds, electrons are completely transferred. The correct option is option C.
What is chemical Compound?Chemical Compound is a combination of molecule, Molecule forms by combination of element and element forms by combination of atoms in fixed proportion.
Covalent compounds are formed by covalent bond and ionic compounds are formed by ionic bond. Covalent bond is formed by sharing of electron and ionic bond are formed by complete transfer of electron. Ionic bonds are stronger than covalent bonds. The melting and boiling points are higher in ionic compounds.
Ionic bonds are formed by elements whose electronegativity difference is very large. Since K has high electronegativity among all given elements so K is most likely to react with Br.
Therefore, the correct option is option C.
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CAN SOMEONE HELP EXPLAIN WHQT THIS ALL MEANS
V1 = V2 |PV = nRT
T1
T2
P1 = P2
T1 T2
250 mL
31 °C
M = MRT/PV
P1V1 = P2V2
1.3 atm
? mol
STP
Module 6
EMPERATURE
2
W
HEATING TIME
1
Answers
Explanation:
P1V1=P2V2 is the formula for Boyle's law where, P is the pressure and V is the volume. V1/T1 = V1/T1 is the formula for Charles law where, V is volume and T is temperature. STP means Standard Temperature and Pressure, standard temperature is 273k and standard pressure is 1.01×10^5 or 760mmHg, the standard volume is 22.4dm^3. pv=nrt is the formula for Ideal gas equation where p is pressure
v is volume
n is number of moles
r is 0.082 atm
t is absolute temperature in kelvin
15. Discuss the various factors which affect the rate of evaporation. Latent heat
evaporation of two liquids A and B is 100 J/kg and 150 J/kg respectively. Which
can produce more cooling effect and why? (5)
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is liquid B.
Explanation:
Latent heat of vaporization also known as the latent heat of evaporation. This latent heat transforms the particles of liquid into a gas without affecting its temperature. For example, the latent heat of evaporation for water is 40.8 kJ per mole, that is, 40.8 kJ per mole of heat is needed to transform water into vapor at 373 K.
It is known that latent heat of evaporation of a liquid is directly proportional to the cooling effect it generates, that is, more the latent heat of evaporation more will be its cooling effect. Thus, it is clear that liquid B will show the more cooling effect as the latent heat of evaporation of liquid B is more in comparison to liquid A. Thus, more heat will be captivated by liquid B and will generate more cooling effect in comparison to liquid A.
Consider these equations:
2S (s) + 3O2 (g)→2SO3 (g), ΔH = −792 kJ
2S (s) + 2O2 (g)→2SO2 (g), ΔH = −594 kJ
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g)→2SO3 (g), ΔH =?
What is the missing ΔH?
a. −294 kJ
b. −198 kJ
c. +198 kJ
d. +294 kJ
Answers
Answer: (B) −198 kJ.
the compound being dissolved into a liquid ___
Answers
8. Chlorine has a total of 17 electrons. How many
valence electrons are shown on the electron dot
diagram for chlorine?
O a. 17
Ob. 8
O c.7
Od. 1
Answers
Answer:7
Explanation:
The first shell of electrons is 2, seen in Helium, the second shell increases to 8, 17-(2+8)=7
alp exposed to an aqueous solution in which ph range will result in the largest amount of phosphine production?
Answers
AlP exposed to an aqueous solution in pH < 4 range will result in the largest amount of phosphine production.
Because H+ is a reactant in the equation, increasing its amount causes the reaction to move to the left. The easiest method to do this is to have an EVERY acidic atmosphere. Phosphine, also known as a pnictogen hydride, is a colourless, combustible, and extremely poisonous molecule having the chemical formula PH3. Because of the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphane, technical grade samples have a terrible stench similar to rotting fish.
Phosphine is synthesised in the industrial sector from white phosphorus by hydrolysis with an alkali metal hydroxide or an aqueous acid-catalyzed disproportionation process. Normally, the industrial product is supplied as liquefied gas.
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According to your friends logic, which of these chemical reactions could occur, thus helping you identify the solution in the bottle?
Answers
More than one, but not all, of the reactions described above could occur
Electrolyte solutions conduct electricity as a result of the movement of electrons inside the solution.
What is solution of electrolyte ?A solution that is electrically conductive and typically contains ions, which are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons, is referred to as an electrolyte. This leads to frequent use of the term "ionic solutions," however there are some instances where the electrolytes are not ions.
The three different kinds of strong electrolytes are salts, strong bases, and strong acids.
Calcium, magnesium, phosphate, sodium, potassium, chloride, and other elements are examples of electrolytes.An electrolyte in a solution is referred to as "concentrated" if it contains numerous ions, and as "dilute" if it contains few ions. If an electrolyte is powerful,significant amount of the solute dissociates to form free ions it is weak if the majority of the solute does not dissociate.Learn more about Electrolyte solution here:
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The
tell
you which element it is.
Atoms of the same element with a different number of NEUTRONS are
Atoms of the same element with a different number of ELECTRONS are
The PROTONS and NEUTRONS Can/Can't leave an atom during a
chemical reaction. The Electrons Can/Can't leave an atom during a
chemical reaction.
In a balanced atom, the
equal the
Answers
Answer:
Isotopes
Explanation:
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that contain an identical number of protons, but a different number of neutrons. Despite having different numbers of neutrons, isotopes of the same element have very similar physical properties.
an organic aromatic compound reacted with excess bromine to give a tribromo derivative by electrophilic substitution reaction. when reacted with nitrous acid, it gave intermediate ionic compound which reacted with 2-naphthol to give a colored product with molecular formula c16h12n2o. a. what is the structural formula of the original organic compound? 5 pts
Answers
To determine the structural formula of the original organic compound, we can follow these steps:
1. The original compound is an aromatic compound, which implies that it has a benzene ring as its core structure.
2. The compound reacts with excess bromine to form a tribromo derivative through electrophilic substitution. This means that three hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring are replaced by bromine atoms.
3. When reacted with nitrous acid, the compound forms an intermediate ionic compound that reacts with 2-naphthol to give a colored product with a molecular formula of C₁₆H₁₂N₂₀. This information suggests that the original compound has an amine group (-NH₂) that reacts with nitrous acid.
4. We can now determine the molecular formula of the original compound by subtracting the molecular formula of the product (C₁₆H₁₂N₂₀) by the formula of the 2-naphthol (C₁₀H₈₀) and the three bromine atoms that were replaced by hydrogen. This gives us C₆H₆ - 3H + NH₂ = C₆H₅NH₂.
5. The structural formula of the original organic compound is therefore C₁₆H₁₂N₂₀, which is aniline, an aromatic amine with an NH₂ group attached to the benzene ring.
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How do I convert milliliters to Liters?
Answers
To convert milliliters (mL) to liters (L), you need to divide the milliliter value by 1000, as there are 1000 milliliters in one liter.
Here's the formula for converting milliliters to liters:
Liters = Milliliters / 1000
For example, if you have 5000 milliliters, the conversion to liters would be:
Liters = 5000 mL / 1000 = 5 L
So, 5000 milliliters is equivalent to 5 liters.
Liters = Milliliters ÷ 1000
For example, if you have 5000 mL of water, you can convert it to liters as follows:
Liters = 5000 ÷ 1000
Liters = 5
Therefore, 5000 mL of water is equal to 5 liters of water.
Which ions are isoelectronic with ar?.
Answers
Answer:
Isoelectronic means same electronic configuration as Ar. These are such as sulfide ion (S2− ), chloride ion (Cl− ) and phosphide ion (P3− ).
Explanation:
Any atom or ion with 18 electrons is isoelectronic with Ar. Some examples are:
Ca2+S2-Cl-What are isoelectronic?Isoelectronic atoms or ions refer to those that possess an identical number of electrons consequently sharing the same electron configuration. The term "isoelectronic" derives from the Greek words "isos " signifying "equal " and "elektron " denoting "electron".
It is worth noting that isoelectronic atoms or ions may exhibit varying atomic numbers and charges; nonetheless, their electron count remains constant.
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Use the sample data to construct a 90% confidence interval estimate of the percentage of cell phone users who develop cancer of the brain or nervous system. %
Answers
Using this formula, we can calculate the confidence interval once we have the sample data, without the sample data, it is not possible to provide an accurate confidence interval estimate.
To construct a 90% confidence interval estimate of the percentage of cell phone users who develop cancer of the brain or nervous system, we would need the sample data, specifically the number of cell phone users and the number of users who developed cancer. Without the sample data, it is not possible to provide an accurate confidence interval estimate.
However, if we assume that we have the necessary sample data, we can proceed with the calculation. The formula for calculating a confidence interval for a proportion is:
Confidence interval
\(=�^±�×�^(1−�^)�Confidence interval= p^ ±z× np^ (1− p^ ) where:�^p^\)
is the sample proportion (number of users with cancer divided by the total number of cell phone users).
\(�\)
z is the z-score corresponding to the desired confidence level (90% confidence level corresponds to a z-score of approximately 1.645).
\(�\)
n is the sample size (total number of cell phone users).
Using this formula, we can calculate the confidence interval once we have the sample data.
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if there are 4 moles of hydrochloric acid, how many grams of each product will be formed?
Answers
Answer: 145.84376 grams (i think)
Explanation: i searched it
the titration of 80.0 ml of an unknown concentration phophorice acid solution requires 252 ml of 0.218 m potassium hydroxide solution. what is the concentration of the phosphoric acid solution (in mi?
Answers
The concentration of the phosphoric acid solution required for the titration of 252 ml of 0.218 M potassium hydroxide solution is 0.2289 M.
To determine the concentration of the phosphoric acid solution, we can use the titration equation:
mole of acid = moles of base
Phosphoric acid (H3PO₄) reacts with potassium hydroxide (KOH) in a 1:3 ratio:
H₃PO₄ + 3KOH → 3H2O + K₃PO₄
Now, we can calculate the moles of KOH using its volume and concentration:
moles_KOH = volume_KOH × concentration_KOH
moles_KOH = 0.252 L × 0.218 M
moles_KOH = 0.054936 mol
Since H3PO4 reacts with 3 moles of KOH:
moles of H₃PO₄ = moles KOH / 3
moles of H₃PO₄ = 0.054936 mol / 3
moles of H₃PO₄ = 0.018312 mol
Now, we can determine the concentration of H3PO₄:
concentration of H₃PO₄ = moles_H3PO4 / volume_H₃PO₄
concentration of H₃PO₄ = 0.018312 mol / 0.080 L
concentration of H₃PO₄ = 0.2289 M
So, the concentration of the phosphoric acid solution is approximately 0.2289 M.
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how many molecules of NaCl are in 32.5 G
Answers
Answer :32,5 g NaCl equal 0,556 moles.
Explanation:
Is d orbital present in carbon?
Answers
Please give brainliest I need two more!!!!!!!!!!!
Low temperature heat which is lost is not usable for work.
TrueFalse
Answers
Answer:
true
Explanation:
How do the ramp heights of the different objects compare? How does the ramp height relate to the strength of the frictional force between the book and the object?
Answers
The height of a ramp does not directly determine the strength of the frictional force between a book and an object.
How do they compare?The strength of the frictional force between a book and an object is not directly influenced by the height of a ramp. The nature of the surfaces in contact, the force forcing the surfaces together (normal force), and the coefficient of friction are some of the variables that affect the frictional force between two surfaces.
The coefficient of friction between the book and the object plays a major role in determining the strength of the frictional force.
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Balance the equation in the area below. Show all steps and crossing out of old
numbers.
Lil+
Pb(NO3)2 →
LINO3 +
Pbl2
Answers
The balanced reaction equation is;
\(2LiI + Pb(NO_{3} )_{2} --- > 2LiNO_{3} + PbI_{2}\) as we can see from the equation that is written here.
What is the balanced reaction equation?In the balancing of the reaction equation, we have to make sure that the number of the reacting atoms on the reactant and the product side are the same for each of the elements.
On both sides of the equation, tally the atoms of each element. First, balance the polyatomic ion or the most complicated molecule. One element at a time, balance the other atoms of the reactants and products. Make sure that every atom is now evenly distributed on both sides of the equation.
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Should future robots be built if they might take away jobs?
Answers
list of first 20 elements with their atomic number electronic configuration and valency and valence electron
Answers
1. Hydrogen (H), Atomic Number: 1, Electronic Configuration: 1s1, Valency: 1, Valence Electrons: 1 - Hydrogen has one valence electron in its outer shell, making it a monovalent element.
What is Atomic Number?Atomic number is a unique number assigned to each element in the periodic table. It represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element. Every element is identified by its atomic number, which is usually located at the top left corner of the element's symbol in the periodic table.
2. Helium (He), Atomic Number: 2, Electronic Configuration: 1s², Valency: 0, Valence Electrons: 0 - Helium does not have any valence electrons in its outer shell, making it a noble gas.
3. Lithium (Li), Atomic Number: 3, Electronic Configuration: 1s² 2s¹, Valency: 1, Valence Electrons: 1 - Lithium has one valence electron in its outer shell, making it a monovalent element.
4. Beryllium (Be), Atomic Number: 4, Electronic Configuration: 1s² 2s², Valency: 2, Valence Electrons: 2 - Beryllium has two valence electrons in its outer shell, making it a bivalent element.
5. Boron (B), Atomic Number: 5, Electronic Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p¹, Valency: 3, Valence Electrons: 3 - Boron has three valence electrons in its outer shell, making it a trivalent element.
6. Carbon (C), Atomic Number: 6, Electronic Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p², Valency: 4, Valence Electrons: 4 - Carbon has four valence electrons in its outer shell, making it a tetravalent element.
7. Nitrogen (N), Atomic Number: 7, Electronic Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p³, Valency: 3, Valence Electrons: 5 - Nitrogen has five valence electrons in its outer shell, making it a trivalent element.
8. Oxygen (O), Atomic Number: 8, Electronic Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁴, Valency: 2, Valence Electrons: 6 - Oxygen has six valence electrons in its outer shell, making it a bivalent element.
9. Fluorine (F), Atomic Number: 9, Electronic Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁵, Valency: 1, Valence Electrons: 7 - Fluorine has seven valence electrons in its outer shell, making it a monovalent element.
10. Neon (Ne), Atomic Number: 10, Electronic Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶, Valency: 0, Valence Electrons: 8 - Neon does not have any valence electrons in its outer shell, making it a noble gas.
11. Sodium (Na), Atomic Number: 11, Electronic Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶6 3s¹, Valency: 1, Valence Electrons: 1 - Sodium has one valence electron in its outer shell, making it a monovalent element.
12. Magnesium (Mg), Atomic Number: 12, Electronic Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s², Valency: 2, Valence Electrons: 2 - Magnesium has two valence electrons in its outer shell, making it a bivalent element.
13. Aluminum (Al), Atomic Number: 13, Electronic Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹, Valency: 3, Valence Electrons: 3 - Aluminum has three valence electrons in its outer shell, making it a trivalent element.
14. Silicon (Si), Atomic Number: 14, Electronic Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p², Valency: 4, Valence Electrons: 4 - Silicon has four valence electrons in its outer shell, making it a tetravalent element.
15. Phosphorus (P), Atomic Number: 15, Electronic Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³, Valency: 3 or 5, Valence Electrons: 5 - Phosphorus has five valence electrons in its outer shell, making it a trivalent or pentavalent element.
16. Sulfur (S), Atomic Number: 16, Electronic Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴, Valency: 2, 4 or 6, Valence Electrons: 6 - Sulfur has six valence electrons in its outer shell, making it a bivalent, tetravalent or hexavalent element.
17. Chlorine (Cl), Atomic Number: 17, Electronic Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵, Valency: 1, Valence Electrons: 7 - Chlorine has seven valence electrons in its outer shell, making it a monovalent element.
18. Argon (Ar), Atomic Number: 18, Electronic Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶, Valency: 0, Valence Electrons: 8 - Argon does not have any valence electrons in its outer shell, making it a noble gas.
19. Potassium (K), Atomic Number: 19, Electronic Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s1, Valency: 1, Valence Electrons: 1 - Potassium has one valence electron in its outer shell, making it a monovalent element.
20. Calcium (Ca), Atomic Number: 20, Electronic Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s², Valency: 2, Valence Electrons: 2 - Calcium has two valence electrons in its outer shell, making it a bivalent element.
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