The diagram below shows the stages of mitosis.

The original cell, X, contains N number of chromosomes. How many chromosomes does cell Y contain?

Answer:

2 ATP molecules.

Explanation:

This question is describing KREB'S CYCLE, which is the second stage of aerobic cellular respiration that occurs in the mitochondrion. In the Kreb's cycle, also known as tricarboxylic acid cycle, pyruvic acid (product of glycolysis) is oxidized to produce NADH, FADH2, ATP and CO2 as products.

In a nutshell, per glucose molecule that begins the respiration process (glycolysis), 2 molecules of ATP are produced alongside 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 molecules in the Krebs cycle. Note that, the electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) are used in the electron transport chain.

Answer:

Scientists use creativity to determine which smaller questions are likely to yield results, imagine possible answers to their questions, and devise ways to test those answers.

Explanation:

Answer:

Find out new things.

Explanation:

If every scientist that ever existed wasn't a little creative, then how would they figure out so many cool new things.

Answer:

I  believe the answer is B. an enzyme

Explanation:

the substrates attach to the active site of an enzyme.

Answer:

As the slab descends into the mantle, rheology changes cause the plate to bend and deform, and generates these earthquakes. The trend of such events can be seen in cross-sections of subduction zones

Explanation:

Answer:

Metaphase

Explanation:

The chromosomes are lined up.

Answer: In the matrix.

Explanation: The second stage of cellular respiration, the Krebs cycle, takes place in the matrix.

Answer:Structurally, plant and animal cells are very similar because they are both eukaryotic cells. They both contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. Both also contain similar membranes, cytosol, and cytoskeletal elements.

Explanation:

Ribosome is the structures perform similar functions in plant and animal cells.

Plant cell have cell wall and other organelles while animal cell do not possess cell wall.

The plant cell has fixed-size and shape due to presence of rigid cell wall where as animal cell are irregular in shape.

Plant cell has rigid cell wall and plasma membrane while animal cell has flexible and thin plasma membrane

In plant cell Plastids such as chloroplast, chromoplast, leucoplast are present where as plastid are absent in animal cell.

In plant cell Nucleus is located on one side where as nucleus is present in the central region in case of animal cell.

Lysosomes and centrosome are absent in plant while present in animal cell.

Ribosome of plant and animal cell involve in protein synthesis.

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Answer:

B. Carbon cycle

Explanation:

The operation of the carbon cycle is one of the most important in this regard as it ultimately controls levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The carbon cycle is responsive to changes in climate and oceanography and is coupled to nutrients cycles.

A. The mediator complex doesn't interact directly with DNA.

The other options, such as TATA-box binding protein, RNA polymerase II, and transcription factors, all interact directly with DNA during the process of transcription.
B. Changing an RNA sequence following transcription by removing segments is done by RNA Splicing
The spliceosome is responsible for changing an RNA sequence following transcription by removing segments. This process, known as splicing, removes introns from the pre-mRNA, leaving only the exons to form the mature mRNA molecule. The final mRNA thus consists of the remaining sequences, called exons, which are connected to one another through the splicing process.

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False, Most likely, fertilizer in ponds or streams would be regarded as point source pollution.

What do you understands by Fertilizer in ponds?

Pond fertilisers encourage the growth of microscopic plants known as plankton or algae. Algae are the main constituents of the food chain and are consumed by insects and zooplankton, which in turn provide food for bream and bass. Since they come from multiple sources, fertilizers in ponds and streams are not regarded as point sources.

The runoff from agricultural operations, residential areas, and the fertilizer manufacturing enterprises themselves are all possible sources of fertilisers.

Since there are numerous sources of fertilizer, they are referred to as non-point sources of pollution.

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Answer:

False

Explanation:

Answer:

Inertia forces + gyroscopic forces + the effects of gravity and centrifugal forces = the leaning of the body

Answer:

Explanation:

The water evaporates from the lake to form a cloud(condensation).it starts to rain(precepation)then collects back in lake.precipitation connects with living things by watering them.it also connects nonliving by processes such as evaporation, precipitation, water returns back into the atmosphere.

The researcher studying mutations in bacteria and discovering that certain bacteria had DNA changes leading to antibiotic resistance is an example of genetic adaptation. The mutation in bacteria's DNA enables them to survive and multiply even in the presence of antibiotics, making them resistant to the drugs.

1. The researcher's study revolves around mutations in bacteria.

2. The researcher finds specific changes in the DNA of bacteria.

3. These DNA changes enable the bacteria to be resistant to antibiotics.

4. This discovery showcases genetic adaptation in bacteria.

5. Genetic adaptation refers to the process in which organisms undergo genetic changes that allow them to survive and reproduce better in their environment.

6. In this case, the bacteria's mutation in their DNA provides them with the ability to resist the effects of antibiotics.

7. Antibiotic resistance allows the bacteria to survive and multiply even in the presence of drugs that would typically inhibit their growth or kill them.

8. The ability to resist antibiotics is advantageous for the bacteria, as it enhances their chances of survival in environments where antibiotics are present.

9. This research highlights the importance of understanding genetic adaptations in bacteria, as it helps in developing strategies to combat antibiotic resistance and improve medical treatments.

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The option that positively contributes to the genetic variation of a population gene pool is as follows: change in the DNA sequence within a gene or chromosome of a living organism (option A).

Genetic variation is the difference in DNA sequences between individuals within a population. Genetic variation is what makes us all unique, whether in terms of hair colour, skin colour or even the shape of our faces.

The multiple sources of genetic variation include the following;

Mutations, which is the change in the DNA sequence of a population, are the ultimate sources of genetic variation, but other mechanisms, such as genetic drift, contribute to it, as well.

Therefore, it can be said that option A contributes positively to genetic variation in a population.

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Answer:

endoscopy technician, orthodontist, gastroenterologist

Answer:

endoscopy technician, orthodontist, gastroenterologist

Explanation:

took the test.

Commonly the place where a population lives is described was a habitat, forming a biological community, however there is not an option with that term, but between the present terms the one that is closer to a term for the area where a population lives is D. Geographic Distribution, since all the other alternatives are related to different factors of ecological studies.

It is true to say that RB is a tumor suppressor protein that acts by inhibiting phosphorylation of CDK.

The retinoblastoma protein, also known as contracted Rb, RB, or RB1, is a tumour suppressor protein that is disrupted in a select number of serious malignancies. By limiting cell cycle progression until a cell is ready to separate, pRb can prevent excessive cell development. When the cell is ready to divide, pRb is phosphorylated, deactivating it and allowing the cell cycle to proceed. It also serves as a marker for a few chromatin-rebuilding enzymes, such as methylases and acetylases.

PRB belongs to the family of pocket proteins, which are proteins possessing a pocket for the purpose of usefully restraining other proteins. If an oncogenic protein, such as those distributed by cells infected by high-risk varieties of the human papillomavirus, ties and inactivates pRb, this can lead to the formation of cancerous cells. A few heredities of life, including animals, may have developed multicellularity as a result of the RB property.

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The model represent the change in the DNA content of a cell during the cell cycle. The part of the model represents the S phase is phase II

What is cell cycle?

The cell cycle, also known as cell-division cycle, is described as the series of events that take place in a cell that cause it to divide into two daughter cells.

Before cell division and during the interphase, the cell DNA replicates. This event only occurs in the S phase, together with histones and other proteins synthesis.

In the attached image, we will notice a  graph showing the DNA content during the cell cycle, which is, how much DNA there is in the cell as the cycle goes on.

X axe ⇒ Phases ⇒   I, II, III phases

Y axe ⇒  Complete sets of DNA in the nucleus ⇒ 1 and 2 sets

The exponential growth occurs during the second phase, II. We can then  see how DNA content enhances from one single set to two sets of DNA.

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A butterfly, which don't have a spinal column despite having a centralized brain system will be classified as an invertebrate.

Invertebrate:

A butterfly is classified as an invertebrate, specifically falling under phylum arthropoda and group insecta. Invertebrates are animals without a backbone, and arthropods are a specific type of invertebrate with a segmented body, jointed legs, bilaterally symmetrical and having exoskeleton made up of chitin. Insecta is a class of arthropoda characterized by three-part bodies (head, thorax and abdomen), six legs, wings, compound eyes and a pair of antennae. They are only class which have no backbone and have wings. Butterflies fall under this category because they have a segmented body, jointed legs, pair of antennae and they also have wings. Despite having a centralized brain, butterflies do not have a spinal column, which is a defining characteristic of invertebrates.

Therefore, butterfly is known as an invertebrate.

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Answer:

Hydrogen and part oxygen

Explanation:

Water is composed of these two which makes the symbol H20

The true statement about blood clotting is that threads of fibrin form a fibrin clot. When an injury occurs, the first response is actually constriction of the damaged blood vessels to reduce blood loss.

Platelets then aggregate and release chemicals to promote further clotting. Fibrinogen is actually enzymatically converted to fibrin during the clotting response, and it is the threads of fibrin that form the clot.

The true statement about blood clotting among the provided options is: threads of fibrin form a fibrin clot. This occurs during the coagulation process where fibrinogen, a soluble protein, is converted into insoluble fibrin strands, which help form a stable clot to prevent further bleeding.

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Metapopulation is defined as a group of geographically distributed subpopulations, connected by intermittent migration and dispersion. They are characterized by migration, local extinction, and recolonization.

The factors that characterize metapopulations include the following:

The size of the subpopulations: The size of each subpopulation can be different. They can range from a few individuals to thousands.

The connectivity of the subpopulations: The subpopulations in a metapopulation can be connected by dispersal or migration.

The dynamics of local extinction: In metapopulations, the extinction of a local subpopulation can occur due to various environmental factors. This factor creates a vacant patch that can be recolonized by the dispersing individuals.

The dynamics of colonization: The colonization of vacant patches can occur by individuals from a neighboring subpopulation through migration, and this is a dynamic that characterizes metapopulations.

The conditions that need to be satisfied for metapopulations to persist are:

The subpopulations in a metapopulation must remain connected through the migration of individuals, and the rate of immigration must be greater than the rate of local extinction.

The extinction of a local subpopulation must not occur too frequently because it can lead to the extinction of the entire metapopulation if the rate of extinction is too high.

The size of each subpopulation must be large enough to avoid the effects of genetic drift and other factors that can increase the rate of extinction of a subpopulation.

Overall, metapopulation persistence requires the maintenance of a balance between the rate of extinction and recolonization. In addition, the size and connectivity of subpopulations must be carefully maintained to ensure the persistence of the metapopulation.

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Answer:

Ecologists use survivorship curves to visualize how the number of individuals in a population drops off with time. In order to measure a population, ecologists identify a cohort, which is a group of individuals of the same species, in the same population, born at the same time.

The higher the survivorship of an organism, the higher the fitness of the organism

The term survivorship refers to the ability of an organism to live long in its habitat and reproduce. This is related to the fitness of an organism which is its ability to survive to the next generation.

Hence, the higher the survivorship of an organism, the higher the fitness of the organism and vice versa.

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Answer:

The esophagus and large intestine. If this is for humans

Explanation:

Alleles are the terms used to describe the two distinct versions of a gene for a particular feature.

Each variation, known as an allele, in a DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of bases) at a specific genomic region may have two or more forms. A person inherits two alleles, one from each parent, for each area of the chromosome where such variation exists. If the two alleles match, the person has homozygosity for that allele.

If the alleles are distinct, the person is heterozygous. In our language, "alleles" refers to the variant form(s) or variants of a gene. Since one allele is produced by each autosomal gene and is inherited from each parent, we frequently categorize the alleles. Alleles of the normal or wild type, abnormal or mutant, or both, are terms that are frequently used to describe them.

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Answer:

A cell is the smallest unit of a living thing. A living thing, whether made of one cell (like bacteria) or many cells (like a human), is called an organism. Thus, cells are the basic building blocks of all organismsion:

The ovum is bigger in size than the sperm cell because of their different biological structures and functions.

The ovum is the female egg cell in mammals including the humans, while the sperm is the male germ cell. The ovum gets fertilized by the sperm in order to form a zygote.

The ovum contains all the cell organelles like mitochondria, ribosome, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, a significant amount of cytoplasm, nucleus, etc. and nutrients that are necessary for the embryonic development after fertilization. It also has several unique structures such as the corona radiata and the zona pellucida.

In contrast, the sperm cell has a simple structure consisting of a small head with cell nucleus and a whip-like tail that moves. There is also a small tube-like section connecting the head and the tail of the sperm which comprises of the mitochondria.

Hence, the size of ovum is bigger than the size of the sperm cell.

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