The discharge of phosphate in detergents to the environment has led to imbalances in the life cycle of freshwater lakes. A chemist uses a spectrometric method to measure total phosphate and obtains the following data for known standards: (a) Draw a curve of absorbance vs. phosphate concentration.

The major organic product of the reaction shown below. он +HBr You do not have to consider stereochemistry. The product is Ether i.e. CH3−CH2−O−CH2−CH3.

Stereochemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies and manipulates the relative spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules. The study of interactions between stereoisomers, which have various structural formulas but the same chemical formula and arrangement of linked atoms (constitution) by definition, is known as stereochemistry (the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space). Due to the fact that the prefix "stereo-" signifies three-dimensionality, it is also known as 3D chemistry. Stereochemistry encompasses all of chemistry, including organic, inorganic, biological, physical, and especially supramolecular chemistry. Stereochemistry include techniques for identifying and defining these relationships, the effects these relationships have on the chemical or biological characteristics of the molecules in question, and how these relationships affect the reactivity of the molecules in question (dynamic stereochemistry). One important field of stereochemistry is the study of chiral compounds, or molecules lacking a plane of symmetry and not superposable on their mirror copies. The word "chiral," which is derived from the Greek word "cheir," which also denotes handedness, describes objects that have a "left-handed" and "right-handed" shape.

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a) The greenhouse effect and blackbody radiation are interrelated because the latter plays a vital role in the former.

Blackbody radiation is the term used to define the emission of electromagnetic radiation from an object when it is heated.

These radiations have different wavelengths, and their intensities are determined by Planck's Law.

The greenhouse gases present in the earth's atmosphere have the property of absorbing and emitting radiation.

When solar radiation hits the earth's surface, it is absorbed and re-emitted as infrared radiation.

The greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere absorb this infrared radiation, thereby raising the temperature of the earth's atmosphere.

Hence, the greenhouse effect is the phenomenon where the presence of greenhouse gases causes the earth's temperature to rise.

b) The Bohr model of the atom has the following assumptions:

An electron in an atom moves in a circular orbit around the nucleus.

The energy of the electron in an atom is quantized, i.e., it can have certain discrete values only.

The angular momentum of the electron is quantized, i.e., it can have certain discrete values only.

An electron can move from one energy level to another by either absorbing or emitting radiation.

The frequency of the absorbed/emitted radiation is directly proportional to the energy difference between the two levels.

c) An experimental arrangement to measure the photoelectric effect can be sketched as follows:

    Light Source

            |

           V

       Collimator

            |

           V

      Monochromator

            |

           V

     Photoelectric

        Material

            |

           V

     Anode Plate

            |

           V

        Ammeter

Light Source:

Provides a source of light, usually a monochromatic (single-frequency) light such as a laser or a mercury lamp.

The frequency of the light can be controlled.

Collimator:

A device that ensures the light beams emitted from the light source are parallel and concentrated into a narrow beam.

Monochromator:

A device that selects a specific wavelength or frequency of light from the collimated beam, allowing for precise control of the incident light's frequency.

Photoelectric Material:

A metallic surface or a semiconductor material (photocathode) that exhibits the photoelectric effect.

It is placed in the path of the selected monochromatic light.

Anode Plate:

A positively charged electrode placed near the photoelectric material to collect the emitted electrons (photoelectrons).

The anode is connected to an ammeter to measure the photoelectric current.

Ammeter:

A device used to measure the magnitude of the photoelectric current. It indicates the flow of electrons from the photoelectric material to the anode plate.

The experimental setup allows the experimenter to vary the frequency (or wavelength) of the incident light and measure the corresponding photoelectric current.

By systematically changing the frequency and observing the current, one can investigate the threshold frequency, determine the relationship between frequency and kinetic energy of emitted electrons, and study other properties of the photoelectric effect.

d) The bandgap energy is given by:

Eg = hc/λ

where

Eg is the bandgap energy,

h is Planck's constant,

c is the speed of light, and

λ is the wavelength of light.

The bandgap energy of Si is given as 1.1 eV.

Therefore, we can find the maximum wavelength that could excite an electron from the valence band to the conduction band of Si using the following equation:

Eg = hc/λ1.1 eV

    = 4.14 × 10-15 eV s × 3 × 108 m/s / λλ

    = (4.14 × 10-15 eV s × 3 × 108 m/s) / 1.1 eVλ

    = 1.21 × 10-6 m or 1210 nm

Therefore, the longest wavelength that could be used to excite an electron from the valence band of Si to its conduction band is 1210 nm.

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Answer: The limiting reactant will be used up first, meaning the reaction can no longer occur with only the excess reactant.

Explanation:

In a reaction the reactant which determines the yield of the reaction is called limiting reactant. Whereas, the reactant which is excess in amount does not itself lead the reaction after the limiting reactant is consumed.

In a reaction, the yield of the product depends on the number of moles of reactants. The reactants which is not sufficient in amount is determining the yield because as soon as this reactant is consumed, the production stopes.

The excess reactant on the other hand is excess in amount which can't lead the reaction alone after the consumption of the limiting reactant. Hence, we don't have to worry on the excess reactant.

The limiting reactant of a reaction can be determined  by calculating the number of moles of each reactants participating in it.

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Answer:

Rubidium (Rb).

Explanation:

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

Electronic configuration => 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s¹

Name of element =?

To know the name of the element with the above electronic configuration, we shall determine the atomic number of the element. This can be obtained as follow:

Number of electrons = 2 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 10 + 6 + 1

Number of electrons = 37

Next, we shall determine the number of protons. This can be obtained as follow:

From the question given above, the element has no charge. Hence the element contains equal numbers of protons and electrons.

Number of electrons = 37

Number of protons = number of electrons = 37

Next, we shall determine the atomic number. This can be obtained as follow:

The atomic number of an element is simply defined as the number of protons present in the atom of the element. Thus,

Atomic number = proton number

Proton is = 37

Therefore,

Atomic number = 37

Finally, we shall determine the name of the element by comparing the atomic number of those in the periodic table.

Thus, the element with the above electronic configuration is Rubidium (Rb) since no two elements have the same atomic number

Answer:

1. 5

2. 13

Explanation:

1. AB = 2 + 3 = 5

2 A2B2 = 2(2) + 3(3) = 4 + 9 = 13

Answer:

table salt

Explanation:

Answer:

Ghrelin

Explanation:

Ghrelin is produced in the stomach and stimulates food intake. The correct option is d.

Ghrelin is a hormone produced in the stomach that stimulates food intake. It is often referred to as the "hunger hormone" because it plays a crucial role in regulating appetite. When the stomach is empty, ghrelin levels increase, signaling the brain to initiate feelings of hunger and promote eating. Once the stomach is full, ghrelin levels decrease, reducing the desire to eat and contributing to feelings of satiety.

The other options, Peptide PYY, Cholecystokinin, and Gastrin, are not primarily responsible for stimulating food intake. Peptide PYY is an appetite-suppressing hormone released by the intestines in response to food consumption, helping to induce feelings of fullness. Cholecystokinin, another hormone secreted by the small intestine, plays a role in digestion and also contributes to satiety. Gastrin, produced in the stomach, is primarily involved in stimulating the secretion of gastric acid, which aids in the breakdown of food during digestion.

In summary, ghrelin is the hormone produced in the stomach that stimulates food intake, making option d the correct answer.

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an expert in or student of meteorology; a weather forecaster.

Answer:

Between carbon and silicon, silicon element has the strongest attraction between its nucleus and its valence electrons.

because silicon's nucleus is bigger than carbon.silicon loses electrons easily than carbon.

Answer:

The mass of chlorine gas that reacted ≅ 24.03 g

Explanation:

From the given information:

The number of moles of NaCl formed = mass of NaCl/molar mass

mass of NaCl = 39.6 g

molar mass = (23 + 35.5) g/mol = 58.5 g/mol

∴

The number of moles of NaCl formed = 39.6 g / 58.5 g/mol

The number of moles of NaCl formed = 0.6769 g/mol

Thus, the mass of chlorine gad that reacted = 0.6769 × 35.5

The mass of chlorine gas that reacted = 24.02995  g

The mass of chlorine gas that reacted ≅ 24.03 g

Answer:

incomplete question need more information

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Electrons are being filled according to the increasing other of their sublevel energy

Small impure crystals will form if the filtrate solution is cooled too rapidly.

The solution is a homogeneous aggregate of one or extra solutes dissolved in a solvent. Solvent: the substance in which a solute dissolves to supply a homogeneous combination. Solute: the substance that dissolves in a solvent to produce a homogeneous combination.

Solutions are uniform combinations of molecules wherein any of the levels of remembering can be dissolved in any other segment.

Household cleaners like bleach are solutions, they help us to make our houses smooth. Beverages such as fizzy drinks, mineral water, and tea are some of the answers.

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Answer:

\(density \: = \frac{mass}{volume} \\ density = \frac{16212}{840} \\ = 19.3g {cm}^{ - 3} \)

Since the density is 19.3g/cm^3, then the substance is gold.

Explanation:

Hope that this is helpful.

Have a great day.

Answer:

1mpm(1 meters per minute) Explanation: Speed:Distance/time 25/25=1 plz mark as brainliest

Answer:

1mpm(1 meters per minute)

Answer:

Explanation:

The insects have been defined as the most successful arthropods. There are far more species in the class Insecta than in any other group of animals. The insects are the only invertebrates with wings.

The insects play a very important role in the web of the life in every environment. Their jobs include pollinating flowering plants, since it is the source of food for insectivorous animals and it assist in the decomposition of plants and animals.

The two different methods which help to identify the species of the insects from the eggs on human remains are by using a small paint brush dipped in water and the other way is by using the forceps.

The study of insects and their life cycle are found to be important for the forensic entomologist. This is because it could set a timeline on when the crime is happened. The life cycle of a blowfly starts as an egg and then goes to be maggots.

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The statement you provided refers to the determination of the van't Hoff factor (i) for strong electrolytes. The van't Hoff factor represents the number of ions produced per mole of solute dissolved in a solution.

For example, when calcium chloride (CaCl2) dissolves, it dissociates into three ions: one Ca2+ ion and two Cl- ions. Therefore, the van't Hoff factor (i) for CaCl2 is 3 because it produces three ions per mole of solute dissolved.

Similarly, when ammonium phosphate (NH4)3PO4 dissolves, it dissociates into four ions: three NH4+ ions and one PO43- ion. Thus, the van't Hoff factor (i) for (NH4)3PO4 is 4 because it yields four ions per mole of solute dissolved.

The van't Hoff factor is essential in various calculations related to colligative properties, such as boiling point elevation and freezing point depression, where it is used to account for the number of particles in solution.

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\({{\boxed{\mathcal{\red{It \: will \: be \: in \: your\: \: text \: book \: see}}}}}\)

When doing a mass to mole problem, it's similar to a mass to mass problem but with less steps.

1) convert mass to moles.

You will take the mass you are given and divided it by its molar mass, or in this case, the molar mass of the known and you should be left with moles of known substance.

2) convert moles to moles of the other substance.

You would then use the mole of the known substance and use the molar ratio in your balanced chemical equation to find the moles of the other substance. REMEMBER: the moles of the unknown substance goes on the top of the fraction while the moles of the known substance goes on the bottom.

Example:

When 30g of \(H_{2}O\) is reacted with \(CaC_{2}\), how many moles of  \(Ca(OH)_{2}\) is formed?

\(CaC_{2}\ +\ 2\ H_{2}O\ -->\ C_{2}H_{2}\ +\ Ca(OH)_{2}\)

\(= 30g\ H_{2}O\ x\ \frac{1\ mol\ H_{2}O}{18.02g\ H_{2}O}\ x\ \frac{1\ mol\ Ca(OH)_{2}}{2\ mol\ H_{2}O}\\\\=0.83\ mol\ Ca(OH)_{2}\)

Answer:

Compound formula : HCl

Element H

# atoms:1

Elements Cl

#atoms : 1

gram formula weight (g) = 36.46

The [110] direction in the four-index Miller-Bravais scheme for hexagonal unit cells is (10-10), and the [001-] direction is (001-1).

In the four-index Miller-Bravais scheme for hexagonal unit cells, the directions are represented using four indices (uvwz), where u, v, w, and z are integers representing the direction vector components.

To convert the [110] direction, we need to find the corresponding indices (uvwz) that represent the direction. The (uvw) indices can be obtained by projecting the direction vector onto the a1, a2, and a3 lattice vectors of the hexagonal unit cell. The z index is used to distinguish between the hexagonal lattice and rhombohedral lattice.

For the [110] direction:

The direction vector can be represented as [u, v, w] = [1, 1, 0].

By projecting this vector onto the lattice vectors of the hexagonal unit cell, we get:

[u', v', w'] = [2u - v, 2v - u, w] = [2 - 1, 2 - 1, 0] = [1, 1, 0].

Therefore, the [110] direction in the four-index Miller-Bravais scheme is (10-10).

For the [001-] direction:

The direction vector can be represented as [u, v, w] = [0, 0, -1].

By projecting this vector onto the lattice vectors of the hexagonal unit cell, we get:

[u', v', w'] = [2u - v, 2v - u, w] = [0, 0, -1].

Therefore, the [001-] direction in the four-index Miller-Bravais scheme is (001-1).

The [110] direction in the four-index Miller-Bravais scheme for hexagonal unit cells is (10-10), and the [001-] direction is (001-1). The conversion is done by projecting the direction vectors onto the lattice vectors of the hexagonal unit cell and determining the corresponding indices in the four-index scheme.

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Answer:

Powdered sugar , it has much more surface area for the state change to occur over

Explanation:

I hope this helps.

\(\huge\mathcal\pink{Answer:-}\)

★ The H2O (moisture) concentration in the air over deserts differ dramatically from the air in the tropical rainforests.

Dalton believed that atom in not visible it is an invisible particle and whole universe is made up of atom only.

Atom is a visible particle consist of proton neutron and electrons and can be seen under the electron microscope only and it is the smallest unit of matter from which everything of the universe made up of.

Dalton says that atom is the particle cannot be seen but all matter is made up of that only which is not true and not even possible because matter is visible to us.

After some time with the help of experiments Rutherford performed bombarding experiment on the gold foil with the help of that he concluded that atom is visible.

Therefore, Dalton believed that atom in not visible it is an invisible particle and whole universe is made up of atom only.

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Answer:

100 trillion atoms are in one cell and  so just find how many cells are in a chair and then take 100xthe number and you get your answer

Explanation:

There are uncountable atoms which are present in a chair depending on it's size.

An atom is defined as the smallest unit of matter which forms an element. Every form of matter whether solid,liquid , gas consists of atoms . Each atom has a nucleus which is composed of protons and neutrons and shells in which the electrons revolve.

The protons are positively charged and neutrons are neutral and hence the nucleus is positively charged. The electrons which revolve around the nucleus are negatively charged and hence the atom as a whole is neutral and stable due to presence of oppositely charged particles.

Atoms of the same element are similar as they have number of sub- atomic particles which on combination do not alter the chemical properties of the substances.

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19.7 litre volume of carbon dioxide gas at 22.0o C and 102 kPa can be collected over water.

Vapour pressure is a measure of the tendency of a material to change into the gaseous or vapour state, and it increases with temperature.

Moles of Butane = mass in grams / molar mass = 11.6 / 58.12 = 0.2

Volume of \(O_2\) (V) = 40 liter

Temperature (T) = 22°C = 22 + 273 = 295 K

Pressure (P) = 102 kPa = 102 / 101.325 = 1.007 atm

Moles of \(O_2\) (n) can be calculated by ideal gas equation.

PV = nRT

n = 1.007 40 ÷ 0.0821 295 = 1.663

Balanced chemical reaction;

2\(C_4H_10\) + 13\(O_2\) ---> 8\(CO_2\) + 10\(H_2O\)

From reaction;

13 moles \(O_2\) require 2 moles \(C_4H_10\)

So, 1.663 moles \(O_2\) will require = 2 x 1.663 ÷13 = 0.256 moles of \(C_4H_10\)

Thus \(C_4H_10\) is a limiting reagent. So it will drive the yield of \(CO_2\).

Moles of \(CO_2\) produced = (8/2) 0.2 = 0.8 moles

Pressure of \(CO_2\) (P) = 102 - 2.24 = 99.76 kPa = 99.76  ÷ 101.325 = 0.985 atm

Applying the ideal gas equation for \(CO_2\),

PV = nRT

0.985 V = 0.8 0.0821 x 295

V = 19.7 liter

The volume of \(CO_2\) produced = 19.7 liter.

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Answer:

m = 0.0035 m.

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, since the formula for the computation of the molality is:

\(m=\frac{n_{solute}}{m_{solvent}}\)

We can first compute the moles of solute, K3PO4 by using its molar mass:

\(n=30mgK_3PO_4*\frac{1gK_3PO_4}{1000gK_3PO_4}*\frac{1molK_3PO_4}{212.27gK_3PO_4} =1.41x10^{-4}mol\)

Next, since the volume of water is 40.0 mL and its density is 1.00 g/mL we infer we have the same grams (40.0 g). Thus, we obtain the following molality by making sure we use the mass of water in kilograms (0.04000kg):

\(m=\frac{1.41x10^{-4}mol}{0.0400kg}\\\\m=0.0035m\)

In molal units (m=mol/kg).

Best regards!

Answer:

After the reaction, there will 0.60 g of magnesium oxide and 0.25 g of oxygen gas present in the tube

Explanation:

Equation of the reaction between magnesium and oxygen is given as follows:

2Mg(s) + O₂(g) ---> 2MgO(s)

From the equation of reaction, 2 moles of magnesium reacts with i mole of oxygen gas to produce 1 mole of magnesium oxide

molar mass of magnesium is 24.0 g; molar mass of oxygen gas = 32.0 g; molar mass of magnesium oxide = 40.0 g

Therefore 24 g of magnesium reacts with 32 g of oxygen gas

I.00 g of magnesium will react with (24.0 / 32.0) * 1.00 g of oxygen = 0.75 g of oxygen gas.

Therefore, magnesium is the limiting reagent. Once it is used up, the reaction will stop and the excess oxygen will be left in the tube together with the product, magnesium oxide.

mass of excess oxygen = 1.00 - 0.75 = 0.25 g

mass of magnesium oxide formed = (24.0 / 40.0 g) * 1 = 0.60 g

The literature provides the viscosity values of 1-pentanol and 1-propanol at 25 degrees Celsius.

To determine the viscosity of 1-pentanol and 1-propanol at 25 degrees Celsius, we can refer to the literature, such as scientific journals, textbooks, or databases that provide data on the physical properties of various substances. These sources often provide tables or graphs that list the viscosity values of different compounds at different temperatures.

By consulting the literature, we can find the specific viscosity values of 1-pentanol and 1-propanol at 25 degrees Celsius. The viscosity is typically expressed in units of centipoise (cP) or millipascal-second (mPa·s). These values represent the resistance of the liquids to flow and give us an indication of their internal friction.

It is important to note that the viscosity of substances can vary depending on factors such as purity, pressure, and the presence of impurities. Therefore, it is essential to refer to reliable and up-to-date literature sources to obtain accurate viscosity values for 1-pentanol and 1-propanol at 25 degrees Celsius.

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Answer:

As we go down the group, the atom gets bigger. The bigger the atom, the further away the last electron. Therefore, the attraction between the nucleus and the last electron gets weaker. This makes it easier for the atom to give up the electron which increases its reactivity.

Explanation: