The economic concept of scarcity refers to the idea that : APEX

Answers

Answer 1

Answer: Resources required to fulfil our needs are insufficient

Explanation:

Scarcity in economics is the term used to describe the notion that the needs of a society are infinite but the resources needed to satisfy these needs are finite.

This is why humans have to constantly make a trade-off between resources needed to satisfy a need by picking one alternative course of action that requires a resource over another.

Answer 2

Answer:

People have limited resources to fulfill their unlimited wants.

Explanation:


Related Questions


Communication may account for as much as. Of a hiring decision
a 25%
b. 40%
C65%
d. 80%

Answers

80% is the best answer

Answer:

A) 25%

Explanation:

Just got it right on edge

Which of these stores uses fulfillment center?

A) Comet Dry Cleaner

B) Dunkin’ Donuts

C) Amazon

D) 7-11

Answers

The store which uses the fulfillment center is Amazon.

The order fulfillment center is seen as the customer of packaging, receptacles, or of the sections of canisters which it employs to maintain, safeguard, and contain the products which it packages. So, Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) is a service which tends to allow businesses in order to outsource order fulfillment to Amazon.

Here, there are several business which send products to Amazon fulfillment centers and when a customer makes a purchase, we pick, we pack, and then we ship the order. Thus, they also provide customer service and process returns for the orders placed.

Hence, option C is correct.

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if u lose a coin where would u look first

Answers

Answer: wherever you had last been

Suppose there are 100 residents on the island of Mahalo. Whenever someone purchases a palm tree to plant on the island, everyone on the island receives the same benefits from the tree, which include beauty, shade, and erosion control. The table below shows the total social cost (which is also the total private cost) and the total private benefit received per resident depending on the quantity of palm trees purchased. Use this information to answer the questions that follow.

Quantity of palm trees Total social cost (total private cost) Total private benefit per resident
0 $0 $0
1 200 8
2 400 12
3 600 14
4 800 15

Required:
a. Does the purchase of palm trees create a negative externality, a positive externality, or no externality? Explain.
b. Draw a graph that depicts the marginal social cost and the marginal social benefit of palm trees.
c. What quantity of palm trees would be purchased if they were sold in a private market? Explain.
d. What is the socially optimal quantity of palm trees? Explain.
e. In this situation are palm trees a private good, a public good, or a common resource?
f. What could be an appropriate governmental policy response to this situation?

Answers

Answer:

a. Does the purchase of palm trees create a negative externality, a positive externality, or no externality? Explain.

A positive externality is created since individuals that have nothing to do with the original transaction still benefit from it.

b. Draw a graph that depicts the marginal social cost and the marginal social benefit of palm trees.

Q of palm trees             Marginal private cost      Marginal private benefit

0                                               $0                                    $0

1                                             $200                                 $800

2                                            $200                                 $400

3                                            $200                                 $200

4                                            $200                                 $100

See attached graph

c. What quantity of palm trees would be purchased if they were sold in a private market? Explain.

3 palm trees, since marginal cost = marginal benefit

d. What is the socially optimal quantity of palm trees? Explain.

3 palm trees, since marginal cost = marginal benefit

e. In this situation are palm trees a private good, a public good, or a common resource?

a public good because every citizen can benefit from them, and they are not rival in consumption  

f. What could be an appropriate governmental policy response to this situation?

The government could subsidize palm trees in order to lower the private cost, so more trees are purchased, increasing total social benefit.

Suppose there are 100 residents on the island of Mahalo. Whenever someone purchases a palm tree to plant

Suppose that a portfolio management company manages an investment fund. The fund
manager observes a bond in the market and intends to add it to the fund portfolio. The
bond has a 100.000 TL par value, 10% coupon rate (coupon payments are annual) and a
6-years maturity. The business model is to “hold-to-maturity”. The company purchases
the bond at the beginning of the year when the market yields are 8%. After exactly 3
years of investment, market yields increase to 12%. What would be the profit or loss
amount in the income statement for that third year?
a) 1.427,92 TL loss
b) 1.470,06 TL profit
c) 8.529.94 TL profit
d) 10.000 TL loss

Answers

Answer: The correct answer is (a) 1.427,92 TL loss.

Explanation:

To calculate the profit or loss for the third year, we need to determine the market value of the bond at the end of the second year and compare it to the par value of 100,000 TL.

At the beginning of the investment, the bond has a coupon rate of 10% and a market yield of 8%, so its price is:

PV = (10000/1.08) + (10000/1.08^2) + (110000/1.08^3) = 104,406.40 TL

After 3 years, the market yield has increased to 12%, so the bond's price would have changed to reflect this new yield. To calculate the new price, we can discount the remaining coupon payments and the par value at the current market yield:

PV = (10000/1.12^1) + (10000/1.12^2) + (10000/1.12^3) + (100000/1.12^3) = 88,572.08 TL

The market value of the bond at the end of the second year is 88,572.08 TL, which represents a loss compared to the par value of 100,000 TL:

Loss = 100,000 - 88,572.08 = 11,427.92 TL

Therefore, the correct answer is (a) 1.427,92 TL loss.

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what is a literature review

Answers

A literature review is a critical analysis of the existing research on a particular topic. It is typically written as an introduction to a research paper or thesis, and it serves to provide the reader with a background on the topic, as well as an overview of the key findings of the existing research.

A literature review should be well-organized and easy to follow. It should start with an introduction that provides a brief overview of the topic and the research question. The body of the review should then discuss the key findings of the existing research, organized by theme or topic. The review should conclude with a discussion of the implications of the existing research for the research question.

When writing a literature review, it is important to be critical of the sources that you are using. You should evaluate the quality of the research, and you should be prepared to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the existing research. You should also be prepared to synthesize the findings of the existing research, and to draw your own conclusions about the topic.

A literature review can be a challenging task, but it is an essential part of any research project. By carefully reviewing the existing research, you can gain a better understanding of the topic, and you can develop a more informed research question.

Here are some tips for writing a literature review:

- Start by identifying the key sources on your topic. This can be done by conducting a literature search, using a variety of sources, such as academic databases, online journals, and books.

- Once you have identified the key sources, read them carefully and take notes. Be sure to summarize the main findings of each source, and to identify any gaps in the research.

- Once you have completed your reading, start to organize your thoughts. This can be done by creating an outline, or by using a mind map.

- Once you have a clear idea of what you want to say, start to write your review. Be sure to use clear and concise language, and to cite your sources properly.

- Once you have completed your review, have someone else read it and give you feedback. This can help you to identify any errors or omissions.

Writing a literature review can be a challenging task, but it is an essential part of any research project. By following these tips, you can write a literature review that is clear, concise, and informative.

Which phrase best completes the diagram? Business banks Retail banks ? Accept deposits to checking accounts Make home mortgage loans A. Provide credit and debit cards O B. Offer certificate of deposit investments O C. Require car titles as collateral O D. Provide cash management services​

Which phrase best completes the diagram? Business banks Retail banks ? Accept deposits to checking accounts

Answers

The phase that best explains the diagram is that it best provides cash management services​. Thus option D is correct.

what is a management service?

The management service is a practice of outsourcing responsibilities for maintenance and the needs for the arrangement and processes and functions it involves the reduction in budgetary expenditure. The diagram shows us the business and retail bank that accepts deposits and makes home mortgages.

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Answer: D

Explanation: I just took the test

Read the following scenario and answer the question below:
You are a public relations officer working for a local non-profit organisation called "Green Future" that focuses on promoting sustainable practices and environmental awareness in the community. The organisation has just launched a new initiative to encourage people to reduce their plastic waste and switch to reusable alternatives.
3.1. Write a press release to send to various media houses to promote this initiative and raise awareness about the importance of reducing plastic waste. Your press release should be structured according to the press release example provided in ‘Additional Resources/Supplementary Exam. Please note: The address, contact details and content provided in the press release are just an example of what should be included in your press release, and how it should be structured. For your press release you must write in your own, original words.
Also, as this is a hypothetical case study, you may make up your own address and contact details for “Green Future. (20)

Answers

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Green Future Launches Groundbreaking Initiative to Reduce Plastic Waste and Promote Sustainability

[City, Date] – Green Future, a local non-profit organization committed to fostering sustainable practices and raising environmental awareness, is proud to announce the launch of an innovative initiative aimed at reducing plastic waste and encouraging the adoption of reusable alternatives within the community.

Plastic pollution has become a pressing issue globally, posing significant threats to our environment, wildlife, and human health. With this new initiative, Green Future aims to tackle this problem head-on by empowering individuals to make conscious choices that can have a lasting positive impact on the planet.

Under the program, Green Future will engage with local businesses, educational institutions, and community members to promote the importance of reducing plastic waste. The initiative will provide educational resources, organize workshops, and distribute reusable alternatives such as cloth bags, stainless steel water bottles, and bamboo straws.

"We believe that collective action is key to addressing the plastic waste crisis," said [Spokesperson's Name], spokesperson for Green Future. "By raising awareness and offering practical solutions, we hope to inspire individuals to make sustainable choices and contribute to a greener future."

To further amplify the message and encourage widespread participation, Green Future has also partnered with media outlets, influencers, and community leaders who are committed to championing environmental causes.

To learn more about the initiative and how you can get involved, please visit [website URL] or contact Green Future at [contact information].

About Green Future:

Green Future is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting sustainable practices and environmental awareness. Since its establishment [year], Green Future has been at the forefront of environmental initiatives, collaborating with various stakeholders to drive positive change within our community.

Media Contact:

[Your Name]

[Your Position]

[Phone number]

[Email address]

Green Future

[Address]

[City, State, ZIP]

[Phone number]

[Email address]

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What is an example of the consideration of visual merchandising?

A.
online ads using negative space to emphasize text

B.
social media videos with contrasting, bright images

C.
sponsored search engine results being shown in bold

D.
kids’ cereal boxes shelved about four feet high

Answers

An example of the consideration of visual merchandising can be seen in the way that kids’ cereal boxes are shelved in grocery stores. This is an example of how visual merchandising can be used to create an emotional connection with customers and influence their purchasing decisions. The correct option is D.

Visual merchandising refers to the visual elements that are used to promote a product or service. This includes the design of the product packaging, displays, advertising, and other marketing materials. Visual merchandising is important because it can help to create a strong brand identity, increase customer engagement, and ultimately drive sales.  

Other examples of visual merchandising might include online ads that use negative space to emphasize text, social media videos with contrasting, bright images, and sponsored search engine results that are shown in bold.

All of these strategies are designed to capture the attention of the customer and encourage them to take action, whether it's clicking on an ad or making a purchase in-store. By carefully considering the visual elements of their marketing strategy, businesses can create a powerful and effective message that resonates with their target audience. The correct option is D.

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Given the points (-4,8) and (6,-12)

Answers

Answer:

N/A

Explanation:

What is the question. There is nothing to answer.

where is the question please put the question so we can help

Describe how sales and consumer-related legislation and regulations affect the delivery of customer service

Answers

Health and safety legislation affects customer service delivery as it requires staff in an organization to ensure the safety of themselves and others, and act responsibly.

There are many perspectives like Changes to tax regulations and rates can have a significant impact on a business. For example, a fall in the rate of corporation tax reduces the amount of tax that corporations have to pay on their profits.

Customer service staff who deal with customers should know about the impacts and effects of legislation and regulations that protect the consumer when buying goods and services.

Governments issue regulations related to environmental practices, employee practices, advertising practices, and much more.

Government regulations affect how companies structure their businesses, where companies decide to locate, how they classify their employees and thousands of other things.

Environmental regulations, intended to protect human health and the environment, generally result in higher production costs and lower productivity in firms, which can lead them to shift investment and production to less stringent locations.

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Ethics
AP6-5 Horizon Corporation manufactures personal computers. The company began operations in 2012 and reported
profits for the years 2012 through 2019. Due primarily to increased competition and price slashing in the industry,
2020's income statement reported a loss of $20 million. Just before the end of the 2021 fiscal year, a memo from the
company's chief financial officer (CFO) to Jim Fielding, the company controller, included the following comments:
If we don't do something about the large amount of unsold computers already manufactured, our auditors will require us to
record a write down. The resulting loss for 2021 will cause a violation of our debt covenants and force the company into
bankruptcy. I suggest that you ship half of our inventory to J.B. Sales, Inc., in Oklahoma City. I know the company's
president, and he will accept the inventory and acknowledge the shipment as a purchase. We can record the sale in 2021
which will boost our loss to a profit. Then J.B. Sales will simply return the inventory in 2022 after the financial statements
have been issued
Required:
1. Understand the reporting effect: What is the effect on income before taxes of the sales transaction requested by the
CFO?
2. Specify the options: If Jim does not record the sales transaction requested by the CFO, what is the effect on total
assets and income before taxes of the inventory write-down?
3. Identify the impact: Are investors and creditors potentially harmed by the CFO's suggestion?
4. Make a decision: Should Jim follow the CFO's suggestion?

Answers

Based on the effects of what the CFO suggests, the effect on the income before taxes will be an increase.

If Jim does not do what the CFO requests of him, the total assets will increase and the income before taxes will decrease.

The investors and the creditors will be harmed by the CFO's suggestion.

As regards what he should do, Jim should not follow the CFO's suggestion.

What are the effects of the CFO's suggestion?

If Jim does what the CFO suggests then income will increase on account of the fake sales increasing the revenue the company gets.

If Jim refuses to do what the CFO suggests, then the computers will remain in inventory which will increase assets as inventory is an asset. Income will however decrease because sales will be less.

Jim should not do what the CFO suggests because it would harm investors who would remain invested in a loss making company that could implode anytime. Same goes for the creditors.

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Which part of the result block should you evaluate to determine the Needs Met rating for that result?
True False
You always need to evaluate both the block and the landing page.
True
False
For a Special Content Result Block, you only need to evaluate the content inside the block and nothing else.
O True
False
For a Web Search Result Block, in most cases you should evaluate just the content inside the block.
O True
False
For a Special Content Result Block, evaluate the content inside the block. You may also need to evaluate the landing page as well in some cases.

Answers

You always need to evaluate both the block and the landing page. It is False

For a Special Content Result Block, you only need to evaluate the content inside the block and nothing else. It is True

For a Web Search Result Block, in most cases you should evaluate just the content inside the block. It is True

For a Special Content Result Block, evaluate the content inside the block. You may also need to evaluate the landing page as well in some cases. It is True

How to Know if the Needs met for the result

The answer is False because while it is important to evaluate both the block and the landing page in some cases, it is not always necessary to do so, depending on the type of search result and the specific evaluation criteria being used.

For a Special Content Result Block, there is always need to evaluate both the content inside the block and the landing page to know the Needs Met rating for that result, depending on the specific evaluation criteria being used.

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what are 2 different types of budgets and discuss how they complement each other?

Answers

There are two main types of budgets: operational budgets and financial budgets.

Operational budgets are used to plan and monitor the day-to-day operations of a business, and typically cover a period of one year. These budgets include items such as revenue projections, production costs, and operating expenses. Operational budgets are crucial for ensuring that a business stays on track and meets its operational goals. Financial budgets, on the other hand, are focused on the long-term financial health of a business. They include items such as capital expenditures, financing costs, and cash flow projections. Financial budgets are used to help businesses plan for the future and make strategic decisions about investments and growth. These two types of budgets complement each other by providing a comprehensive view of a business's operations and financial health. Operational budgets help to ensure that day-to-day activities are aligned with the overall goals of the business, while financial budgets provide a roadmap for achieving long-term success. By using both types of budgets, businesses can make informed decisions about resource allocation, identify potential risks, and maintain a strong financial position over the long term.

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Your boss has told you to hire four more people to help you keep track of inventory. What kind of need is this

Answers

I would say thats a business operations need!

Hope this help! :)

Suppose that the production function is y= 9k^0.5 N^0.5. With this production function, the marginal product of labor is MPN= 4.5K^0.5 N^-0.5. The capital stock is K= 25. The labor supply curve is NS= 100[(1-t)w]^2, where w is the real wage rate, t is the tax rate on labor income, and hence (1-t)w is the after-tax real wage rate.c.Suppose that a minimum wage of w=2 is imposed. If the tax rate on labor income, t, equals zero, what are the resulting values of employment and the real wage? Does the introduction of the minimum wage increase the total income of workers, taken as a group?

Answers

The resulting values for employment and the real wage are 70.3125 and $1.5811 per hour, respectively.

The introduction of the minimum wage does not increase the total income of workers taken as a group.

How to determine employment and real wage

To find the resulting values of employment and real wage, determine where the labor supply curve intersects the labor demand curve.

MPN =

\(4.5K^0.5 N^-0.5 = (9K N)^0.5 / (2KN)^0.5 = (9/2)^0.5 (K/N)^0.5 = w/P

\)

where P is the price of output, which we can assume is equal to 1.

This equation can be rearranged to solve for N:

N =

\((9/2) (K/w)^2\)

Plugging in K = 25 and w = 2, we get:

N =

\((9/2) (25/2^2) = 70.3125\)

To find the real wage, we can plug this value of N into the labor supply curve:

NS =

\(100[(1-t)w]^2 = 100(1-0)(2)^2\)

= 400

Since labor supply exceeds labor demand, the real wage will be bid down to the equilibrium level.

\((9/2)^0.5 (K/N)^0.5 = w/P

(9/2)^0.5 (25/N)^0.5 = 1/2

N = (9/2) (25/2^2) = 70.3125

w = 2(70.3125/100)^0.5 = 1.5811\)

The equilibrium real wage is $1.5811 per hour.

To determine whether the introduction of the minimum wage increases the total income of workers,

Total income before minimum wage = wN = 1.5811 x 70.3125 = $111.31

After the minimum wage of $2 is imposed, the real wage is fixed at $2, and the level of employment is determined by the intersection of the labor supply and demand curves at this wage:

N =

\((9/2) (25/2^2) / (2)^2 = 35.15625\)

Total income after minimum wage = wN = 2 x 35.15625 = $70.31

Since the total income of workers decreases from $111.31 to $70.31 after the minimum wage is imposed, the introduction of the minimum wage does not increase the total income of workers taken as a group.

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Discuss several ways to punish white-collar crimes discussed in the text. Discuss the pros and cons of each.

Answers

The several ways to punish white-collar crimes are;

fines home detention community confinement

What is white-collar crimes?

Financially driven, nonviolent or indirectly violent crime committed by people, businesses, and government officials is referred to as white-collar crime.These offenses cover a wide range of fraudulent practices, including money laundering, health care fraud, mortgage fraud, and securities fraud.

However, the scope goes beyond these and encompasses additional offenses like insider trading, tax evasion, and embezzlement. Whenever at least one victim experienced significant financial harm, the federal sentencing guidelines recommend a longer jail term.

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Which is the BEST example of marketing within sports?

Answers

While super bowl ads and athlete endorsements are well-known examples of sports marketing in action, sports marketing also includes marketing that builds a brand around healthy or aspirationally athletic lifestyles. Using sports marketing strategies can add serious appeal for many consumers.

During civil lawsuit, proceedings regarding alcohol, service courts will try to determine if the

Answers

During civil lawsuit proceedings regarding alcohol service, courts will try to determine if the designated driver was present and remained sober.

How do courts determine the presence and sobriety?

During civil lawsuit proceedings involving alcohol service, courts aim to establish whether a designated driver was present and this determination is crucial in cases where establishments or individuals are being held accountable for over-serving alcohol to a patron who later caused harm or injury due to impaired driving.

The court may consider various forms of evidence such as witness testimonies, surveillance footage, receipts indicating non-alcoholic purchases or the designated driver's own account of their sobriety. It  court may evaluate the credibility and reliability of the designated driver's actions and statements throughout the relevant time period.

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20 points pls help
Individuals you list on your job application who are willing to be contacted by your potential employer regarding your character and work ethic are referred to as _____.

acquaintances
character witnesses
references
employers

Answers

References is the answer, you usually put them in a CV

Answer:

References

Explanation:

These are people you will want to contact before your interview to let them know they might be contacted by the business today. As well as people you send thank you notes to or thank you "texts" nowadays

On June 15, 2021, Allen sold land held for investment to Stan for $65,000 and an installment note of $300,000 payable in five equal annual installments beginning on June 15, 2022, plus interest at 10%. Allen’s basis in the land is $255,500. What amount of gain is recognized in 2021 under the installment method?

Answers

The amount of gain that will be recognized in 2021 under the installment method, is $27, 857 . 14

How to find the gain recognized?

First, find the profit margin on the land sold by Allen to Stan:
= ( Selling price of land - Allen's basis in the land) / Allen's basis in the land

= ( ( 300, 000 + 65, 000) - 255, 500) ) / 255, 500

= 109, 500 / 255, 500

= 42. 857 %

The gain to be recognized, using the installment method is:
= Profit margin x Amount paid by Allen in 2021

= 42. 857 % x $ 65, 000

= $27, 857 . 14

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Assuming that Tim is 75 years old at the end of 2019 and his marginal tax rate is 32 percent, what amount of his distribution will he have remaining after taxes if he receives only a distribution of $50,000 for 2019?

Answers

Answer:

$15,300

Explanation:

Solution

Recall that:

Suppose that Tim is 75 years old at the end of 2018

The marginal tax rate here is = 32%

The distribution = $50,000

Now,

What amount of distribution he get after taxes

At 75 years of age that is the age of the participant

Distribution period = 22.9

The Applicable percentage = 4.37%; this is gotten from the table attached below

Thus,

He implies that 2,000,000 * 4.37 %

=$87,400

The less amount received  = $50,000

The balance is = $87,400 = $50,000

= $37,400

Tim needs to pay tax  at 32%

= 50,000 * 32%

=$16,000

The pay penalty become s =37,400 * 50% = $18,700

The total amount for tax to be paid and the penalty is = $16000 + $18700= $34,700

The amount received by Tim after tax is = $50,000 - $34700 =$15,300

The amount Tim will receive after tax is $15,300

Note: Kindly find the complete question and table as part of the solution solved below

Assuming that Tim is 75 years old at the end of 2019 and his marginal tax rate is 32 percent, what amount
Assuming that Tim is 75 years old at the end of 2019 and his marginal tax rate is 32 percent, what amount

Suppose that in an economy the structural unemployment rate is 3.1 percent, the friction unemployment rate is 1.7 percent, and the unemployment rate is 8.1 percent. The natural unemployment rate is_____ percent and the cyclical unemployment rate is _____ percent a. 4.8;3.3
b. 6.7; 3.3
c.1,4; 3,3
d. 4,8; 12,9

Answers

The natural unemployment rate is 4.8 percent and the cyclical unemployment rate is 3.3 percent .

The lowest rate of unemployment brought on by real or voluntary economic factors is known as organic Or natural unemployment, or the natural rate of unemployment. The number of persons experiencing natural unemployment indicates those who are jobless as a result of the composition of the labour force, such as those who have supplanted by technology or those who lack the needed skills to find employment. It represents the total number of jobless persons as a result of the labour force's structure, including those who have been replaced by machines but who lack that requisite skills to find employment. Whereas The fraction of overall unemployed that is specifically caused by episodes of economic growth and decline is known as cyclical unemployment. Traditionally, joblessness surges during times of recession and lowers during boom period. This is done mainly to reduce cyclical unemployment during depressions.

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Aster Inc. uses the LIFO method for calculating its cost of goods sold and inventory. What was the total cost of goods sold on January 27th?

Aster Inc. uses the LIFO method for calculating its cost of goods sold and inventory. What was the total

Answers

Answer:

The answer is 7,000

Explanation:I got it right on Plato/edmentum

9. Give four reasons why Omondi satisfy hunger for food before going entertainment (4mks) 10. Highlight four differences between goods and services (4mks) Services​

Answers

The reason why Omondi will satisfy hungler for food before going to Chaka Ranch for entertainment includes:

Basic wants are essential for survival. Resources are limited. Hunger pangs can be distracting/It can interfere with his enjoyment of the entertainment.

Why does Omondi satisfy his hunger?

By eating first, he can fully focus on and enjoy the entertainment without feeling uncomfortable or distracted by hunger. The entertainment venues also offer expensive and unhealthy food options, which may not be suitable for Omondi's dietary preferences or budget.

By eating, he can avoid spending money on unnecessary food or consuming food that does not align with his dietary choices. Also, some entertainment venues may not offer food at all.

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2. What is the basic difference between cardinal and ordinal approaches of utility? 3. Elaborate the justifications for the negative slope and convexity of indifference curve. 4. Standard indifference curves cannot intersect each other. Why? 5. Does the change in income affect the slope of the budget line? Explain.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Utility is a physiological fact that implies the wanting the satisfying power of a good or service. It differs from person to person, as it relies on a person's mental attitude. The measurability of utility is always a controversial subject. The two primary theories for utility are Ordinal Utility and Cardinal Utility. Many traditional economists proposed a view that utility is measured quantitatively like length, height, weight, temperature, etc. This concept is termed a Cardinal Utility. On the other hand, Ordinal Utility expresses the utility of a commodity in terms of more than or less than. Read the article below to understand the difference between Cardinal Utility and Ordinal Utility.

What is an Ordinal Utility?

Ordinal Utility states that the satisfaction a consumer gets after consuming a good or service cannot be scaled in numbers, whereas, these things can be arranged in the order of preference. Two English economists, John Hicks and R.J. Allen 1930 argued that the consumer behavior theory should be introduced based on Ordinal Utility. According to the ordinal approach, utility is a psychological phenomenon like happiness, satisfaction, and welfare. The ordinal theory is highly subjective and differs across individuals. Therefore, it cannot be measured in quantifiable terms.

The function that represents utility of a product according to its preference, but does not provide any numerical figure, is known as an Ordinal Utility. In simpler words, this theory affirms that it is relevant to ask which item is better as compared to others instead of how good is that product. For example, a BMW car is favored more than a Toyota car, but it cannot be determined by what percentage.

Apart from showing a mathematical function, a consumer’s preference can be demonstrated graphically through indifference curves. It becomes easy when there are two types of commodities x and y. Each indifference curve provides coordinates (x,y) when (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) lie on the same curve line and (x1, y1) ~ (x2, y2).

This is an example of an indifference curve map where the preference of goods are shown but not their quantity. Each of the curves represents a combination of two services or goods. The consumers are equally satisfied with the goods and services. The more distant a curve is from the origin, the higher its utility level.

The utility according to this approach can be measured in relative terms such as less than and greater than. This approach states that consumer behavior can be explained in terms of preferences or rankings. For example, a consumer may prefer soft drinks over hard drinks. In such a case, the soft drink would have 1st rank, while 2nd rank would be given to hard drinks

Therefore, as per the Ordinal Utility approach, a consumer observes different pairs of two commodities which would provide him/her the same level of satisfaction. Among these pairs, he/she may prefer one commodity over the other based on how he/she ranks them in order of utility. This implies that utility can be ranked qualitatively rather than quantitatively.

Do you know: In 1934 John Hicks and Roy Allen produced the first paper which declared Ordinal Utility.

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What is Cardinal Utility?

According to classical economists, utility is a quantitative concept that can be measured in terms of a number. Hence they introduced the concept of measuring utility using a cardinal approach. According to this concept, the utility can be expressed similarly to how weight and height are expressed. However, the economists lacked a precise unit for utility. Hence, they derived a psychological unit termed as ‘Util’. Util is not regarded as a standard unit because it varies from person to person, place to place, and time to time. For example, if a person assigns 30 utils to a pizza and 20 utils to a chowmein, we can understand that the pizza has double the capacity to satisfy what humans want.

As util is not a standard unit for measuring utility, many economists, including Alfred Marshall suggested measurement of utility in terms of money that consumers are willing to pay for a commodity. If each rupee is equal to 1 util, a pizza worth Rs 30 has 30 utils and a chow min worth Rs 20 has 20 utils. Hence, the consumer who consumes burgers will yield utility of 30 utils and those who consume chow min will yield utility of 20 utils.

The supply and demand of a product decide its price. Moreover, a person’s desire for a product depends on these three factors:

Price of the item

Income of a person

The cost of other related items

Application of Cardinal Utility

Following are the different applications of Cardinal Utility:

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Discuss the various system for internal administration for financial organisation. ​

Answers

The various system for the internal administration of financial organizations includes accounting systems, budgeting systems, internal controls, performance management systems, risk management systems, and compliance management systems.

Internal administration systems for financial organizations are systems that oversee the internal functioning of the financial organizations and their staff. They enable businesses to establish and follow specific procedures that ensure their operations are stable, transparent, and responsible.

Here are some of the various systems for internal administration for financial organizations:

1. Accounting systems: Accounting systems are essential to ensure the accuracy of financial transactions and the reliability of financial statements. The accounting system should provide information about the current financial status of the organization and account for all income and expenses.

2. Budgeting systems: Financial organizations use budgeting systems to allocate resources and plan expenditures. This system can be used to control the financial performance of a department, project, or organization.

3. Internal controls: Internal controls are the procedures, policies, and activities that help an organization to maintain the integrity of its operations and prevent fraud. The effectiveness of these controls depends on how well they are implemented.

4. Performance management systems: Performance management systems are used to ensure that the goals of an organization are achieved. This system can be used to monitor and evaluate employee performance, provide feedback, and manage employee development.

5. Risk management systems: Risk management systems help financial organizations to identify and manage risks. They can be used to assess the risk associated with various activities and develop strategies to mitigate those risks.

6. Compliance management systems: Compliance management systems help financial organizations ensure that they are following all relevant regulations and laws. They can be used to monitor compliance with internal policies and procedures as well as external regulations.

In conclusion, internal administration systems for financial organizations are essential for ensuring the stability and transparency of financial operations. These systems include accounting systems, budgeting systems, internal controls, performance management systems, risk management systems, and compliance management systems.

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"We are certainly in a better position in terms of diversity management than we were five years ago," said Patricia Collins-Jones, CEO of BetterFit, Inc. "We certainly have a more diverse employee population, and we have taken steps to involve people from different backgrounds in our business operations. However, I expect us to do more. We must be an organization where diversity not only exists, but is valued. We must ____________________."

Answers

Answer: fully integrate minority group members both formally and informally.

Explanation:

The options are:

a. Encourage monitory group members to adopt the norms of the majority.

b. fully integrate minority group members both formally and informally.

c. strive to build a more homogeneous employee population.

d. focus primarily upon employees visible differences like race or sex.

e. encourage more intergroup productive conflict.

Diversity simply refers to when people from different social, ethnic backgrounds or people from different races, religions, genders, etc are involved in a company or a particular thing.

Since the CEO calls for diversity to exist and be valued, the best option will be to fully integrate minority group members both formally and informally. This will help in making the minority group valued and also bring about diversity.

Other options are wrong as they either bring about discrimination or can bring about quarrel. Therefore, the correct option is B

Computer game cartridges produced in EconomyLand sell for $50 each. The same cartridges made in MarketLand sell for $100 each. If free trade were allowed, we would expect the prices in both countries to a. move to the lower price of $50. b. move to the higher price of $100. c. converge to somewhere between $50 and $100. d. remain unchanged.

Answers

Answer:

Converge to somewhere between $50 and $100.

Explanation:

Based on the information given in a situation where free trade were allowed, we would expect the prices in both countries to CONVERGE TO SOMEWHERE BETWEEN $50 and $100 reason been that we were told that the Computer game cartridges that was produced in EconomyLand sell for the amount of $50 each while on the other hand The same cartridges made in MarketLand also sell for the amount of $100 each

what is mangerial accounting with example

Answers

Answer:

Managerial accounting (also known as cost accounting or management accounting) is a branch of accounting that is concerned with the identification, measurement, analysis, and interpretation of accounting information so that it can be used to help managers in a company make choices for it.

Explanation:

Answer:

Management accounting is the accounting used by managers.

Explanation:

For example, imagine a company makes cookies. In order to make a profit on cookies, the management needs to decide, what raw materials to use. How much will they cost? If the raw materials per cookie is $20, then how much should the profit be set to per batch? If the targetted profit is 25% then the price for the cookies to the end customer will have to be $25.

Also, management accounting helps identify how many units to make. So, for example, your bakery costs $1000 rent per month. So, you want to know how many cookies you'll have to sell to at least be able to pay rent for your shop? This is where we do a break-even analysis. So, if you're selling cookies for $25 and cost to make is $20, you're only left with $5.

Now, $1000/$5 = 200 cookies. Now, you know that as a manager/owner that if you want to be able to just make the business viable, you have to sell 200 cookies at $25 a piece.

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