The structure that does not obey the octet rule is CO32-. The other choices (CO2, SO3, CBr4, and CCl4) all follow the octet rule, meaning that the central atom in each molecule has eight valence electrons in its outer shell.
However, in CO32-, the central carbon atom has 10 valence electrons in its outer shell, which is not in accordance with the octet rule. The structure that does not obey the octet rule among the given choices is SO3 (sulfur trioxide).
In this molecule, sulfur has 6 valence electrons and forms 3 double bonds with the oxygen atoms. However, this results in a total of 12 electrons around sulfur, which exceeds the octet rule.
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To determine which structure does not obey the octet rule among CO2, SO3, CBr4, CCl4, and CO3^2-, let's briefly discuss the octet rule and analyze each structure.
The octet rule states that atoms tend to form bonds in such a way that they achieve a stable electron configuration with eight electrons in their valence shell.
1. CO2 (Carbon Dioxide): Carbon forms double bonds with both oxygen atoms. In this case, each atom has a complete octet.
2. SO3 (Sulfur Trioxide): Sulfur forms double bonds with three oxygen atoms. Sulfur can expand its octet, and all atoms have a complete octet in this structure.
3. CBr4 (Carbon Tetrabromide): Carbon forms single bonds with four bromine atoms. All atoms have a complete octet.
4. CCl4 (Carbon Tetrachloride): Carbon forms single bonds with four chlorine atoms. All atoms have a complete octet.
5. CO3^2- (Carbonate Ion): Carbon forms double bonds with one oxygen atom and single bonds with two other oxygen atoms. There are also two additional electrons, making the ion have a 2- charge. However, one of the oxygen atoms does not have a complete octet.
Therefore, the structure that does not obey the octet rule among the given choices is the CO3^2- (Carbonate Ion).
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Earth has seasons because
a. its axis is tilted as it revolves around the sun
b. it rotates on its axis as it revolves
c. the moon exerts a gravitational force on it
d. the relative position of earth the sun and the moon do not change
The movement of the earth around the sun in a fixed path is defined as the revolution. The earth revolves from west to east. Earth has seasons as its axis is tilted as it revolves around the sun. The correct option is A.
It is the Earth's tilted axis which causes the seasons. Throughout the year, different parts of earth receive the sun's most direct rays. So when the north pole tilts toward the sun, it is summer in the northern hemisphere.
When south pole tilts toward the sun, it is winter in the northern hemisphere.
Thus the correct option is A.
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A scientist has found a protein that is involved in an important chemical
reaction. She sets up two tests: one with the protein and one without the protein.
What should she measure to determine whether the protein is an
enzyme?
The amount of protein consumed
The rate of the chemical reaction
The amount of products bound to the active site
The temperature change of the reaction
D
To determine whether the protein is an enzyme, the scientist should primarily measure the rate of the chemical reaction. Option(b)
Enzymes are specialized proteins that act as catalysts, facilitating chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. By comparing the rate of the chemical reaction with and without the protein, the scientist can determine if the presence of the protein enhances the reaction rate. If the reaction proceeds at a significantly higher rate in the presence of the protein, it suggests that the protein is acting as an enzyme, catalyzing the reaction. Enzymes typically accelerate reaction rates by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy, allowing the reaction to occur more readily. While measuring the amount of protein consumed may provide information about the protein's involvement in the reaction, it does not directly determine whether the protein is an enzyme. Similarly, measuring the amount of products bound to the active site or the temperature change of the reaction can provide additional insights, but they alone are not sufficient to confirm enzymatic activity. The most reliable indicator to ascertain whether the protein is an enzyme is to compare the rate of the chemical reaction in the presence and absence of the protein. Option(b)
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__________ is always involved in hydrolysis reactions.
O None of the listed responses is correct.
O Water
O ATP
O H+ and OH-
O Synthesis
Water is always involved in hydrolysis reactions in the given options.
A hydrolysis reaction: what is it?The term "hydrolysis" refers to the breakage of chemical bonds by the addition of water and represents the reaction of an organic chemical with water to produce two or more new chemicals. Some occurrences of hydrolysis include the formation of hydronium and bisulfate compounds when sulphuric dissolves in water or a salt of a weak acid or base is mixed with water.
What is the term for sugar hydrolysis?Inversion is the mechanism of hydrolyzing sucrose to produce glucose and fructose. Invert sugar is the consequence of the hydrolysis of sucrose, which causes the sign of rotation to alter from dextro (+) to laevo (-).
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how can you blance it and make it equal on both sides
2H2+o2=2H2o blance it
Answer:
it have been already balanced
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O.
The period of a simple pendulum of length 1m on a massive planet is 1 sec. What is the acceleration due to gravity on that planet?
The acceleration due to gravity on the massive planet is 39.48 m/s².
How do we calculate?The period (T) of a simple pendulum is given by:
T = 2π√(L/g),
where L is the length of the pendulum and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
In this scenario, we are given that the period of the pendulum (T) is 1 second and the length of the pendulum (L) is 1 meter.
So, substituting these values into the equation:
1 = 2π√(1/g)
Simplifying this equation :
g = (4π²) / (1²)
g = 4π² m/s²
g ≈ 39.48 m/s²
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hich of the following best describes an Arrhenius base?
a. produces H+ in water
b. proton donor
c. produces OH- in water
d. electron donor
e. proton acceptor
An Arrhenius base is a substance that, when dissolved in water, produces hydroxide ions (OH-) as the only negative ions.
An Arrhenius base is a substance that, when dissolved in water, produces hydroxide ions (OH-) as the only negative ions. It is one of the three main theories used to define acids and bases, along with the Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis theories.
According to the Arrhenius theory, a base is a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution. This means that when an Arrhenius base dissolves in water, it releases hydroxide ions, which can then react with hydrogen ions (H+) to form water.
The Arrhenius theory is limited to aqueous solutions and does not account for non-aqueous bases or reactions that occur in other solvents.
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It produces OH- in water best describes an Arrhenius base.
Thus, A material is said to be an Arrhenius base if it only ever creates hydroxide ions (OH-) when it dissolves in water.
A material is said to be an Arrhenius base if it only ever creates hydroxide ions (OH-) when it dissolves in water. Along with the Lewis and Bronsted-Lowry theories, it is one of the three basic theories used to define acids and bases.
A base is a chemical that raises the concentration of hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution, in accordance with the Arrhenius theory. Accordingly, when an Arrhenius base dissolves in water, hydroxide ions are released. These ions can then interact with hydrogen ions (H+) to create water.
The Arrhenius hypothesis only applies to aqueous solutions; it does not take into account bases or reactions that occur in non-aqueous media.
Thus, It produces OH- in water best describes an Arrhenius base.
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Scott and his family recently moved to a large city, where the air sometimes looks hazy from smog. These four steps could result in the formation of this smog:
Ozone forms.
Polluting gases react with sunlight.
Temperature inversion traps pollution.
Cars emit hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides.
Which answer shows the order in which these steps occur?
A. 1, 2, 3, 4
B. 1, 2, 4, 3
C. 4, 1, 2, 3,
D. 4, 2, 1, 3
Answer:
D. 4, 2, 1, 3 is the correct answer.\( \infty \infty \)
Natalia dipped two feathers in oil. Then she dipped one feather in cold water and the other feather in hot water. She swirled both feathers around for 20 seconds, then removed them. Her results are in the table. Cold Water Hot Water Before Oil After Oil After Water Before Oil After Oil After Water Mass 1.2 g 4.5 g 4.2 g 1.2 g 4.4 g 3.5 g She also took a picture of each feather after swirling it in water. two feathers, each with oil and beads of water Was either the cold water or the hot water able to remove the oil? Explain your reasoning.
Answer:
The hot water was better for removing the oil.
Explanation:
You can see that because the mass went down more with the hot water. So, that means that more oil was taken out of the feather with hot water.
Answer:
The mass changed from 1.1grams to 4.5 grams. The appearance is another thing that changed when it got dipped in oil. The feather look like it lost some feathers or the feathers became transparent. The feather just looks soggy and heavier overall. I believe that if Natalia dips the feather covered in oil in cold water, the feather will remain the same. If she were to dip it in hot water, the feather will get rid of the oil mostly. Think about it, in the ocean the water is cold right? So when oil spills in the ocean it will stay there. Hot water is the best to remove the oil from the feather.
Explanation:
Hopefully this will help.
What is the effect of similes and metaphors?.
Similes and metaphors are powerful tools used to evoke imagery and emotions.
Similes and metaphors can help readers to better understand a concept or idea by comparing it to something else, often more vividly or poetically levity to a text, making it more entertaining and enjoyable to read.
They can also help to paint a vivid picture in the reader’s mind, making it easier to understand the concept or idea being communicated. Additionally, similes and metaphors can help to add depth and meaning to a text.
By comparing one thing to another, they can add layers of complexity to a piece of writing and give the reader a greater appreciation for the material.
In short, similes and metaphors are useful tools for communicating ideas, adding depth and complexity to a text, and making a piece of writing more enjoyable to read.
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The patient is to receive potassium chloride 40mEq orally. The label states, "Potassium Chloride, 20mEq per 15ml. What volume (ml) will you administer?
You will need to administer 30ml of potassium chloride to the patient.
To calculate the volume (ml) of potassium chloride to administer, we can use a proportion. The given label states that there are 20mEq of potassium chloride in 15ml.
Let's set up the proportion:
20mEq / 15ml = 40mEq / x ml
To solve for x, cross-multiply:
20mEq * x ml = 15ml * 40mEq
Now divide both sides by 20mEq:
x ml = (15ml * 40mEq) / 20mEq
Simplifying further, we get:
x ml = 30ml
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Lipid molecules are made of long chains of hydrogen and what other element?.
Lipid molecules are organic compounds that are soluble in nonpolar solvents, like acetone and ether, but not soluble in water.
They are composed of long chains of hydrogen and carbon (hydrocarbon chains) that are frequently referred to as fatty acids.Lipids are divided into three categories: triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols, which include cholesterol. Fats and oils are examples of triglycerides.
Fats are composed of a glycerol backbone and three fatty acids, while oils are made up of a glycerol backbone and three fatty acids.
Triglycerides are a type of lipid. The glycerol component of a lipid is an alcohol composed of three carbon atoms, each with a hydroxyl group attached.
The fatty acid component of a lipid is made up of a long chain of hydrocarbon molecules with a single carboxyl group (-COOH) at the end.
The chain can be anywhere from 4 to 24 carbon atoms long, with even numbers of carbon atoms being more frequent.
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help me with my bell work
Answer:
1) It gets slower the farther out they are.
2) The farther out you are from the sun the less gravitational pull you have, which makes it go slower as it orbits.
3) Gravity ;) :)
Explanation:
Hope this helps! Plz mark as brainliest! :)
1.) The four inner planets have slower orbits and the four outer planets have faster orbits.
2.) The closer a planet is to the Sun, the stronger the Sun's gravitational pull on it, and the faster the planet moves.
3.) Gravity
which of the pairs of atoms is most likely to form a covalent compound?
A. C, 0
B. Mg, Br
C. Na, O
D. Ba, Cl
Answer: C, 0
Explanation: just a mere guess
Please please please please please please help me a b c or d
Answer:
the answer is d
Explanation:
hopes this helps
Most elements' names end in the suffix -ium. This practice started around the year 1800, with many elements discovered before that having a more common name. However, some elements are more recently discovered and don't end in -ium. Do you notice any patterns for these elements?
Most elements' names end in the suffix -ium this practice started around the year 1800, with many elements discovered before that having a more common name however, some elements are more recently discovered and don't end in -ium because element name start with the latin name and then it give suffix to the element
The ium in helium can be thought of carrying the meaning 'derived from' with the hel part representing greek helios means sun it having being inferred that helium was present in sun atmosphere and the ium suffix is a latin suffix which forms abstract nouns, thus it is used to form chemical elements name from its naming origin
There are 81 elements that end in the suffix ium or um which is derived from the latin and it is denoted a metallic substances
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how do you prepare saturated solution NaCl at 40°c?
can anybody help me? ill mark brainliest!!! please ITS TIMED
Density = Mass/Volume but it can also be rearranged to:
Mass = Volume x Density
Given in the question:
Volume - 44.9 cc
Density - 19.3 g/cc
Calculation
Mass = Volume x Density
= 44.9 x 19.3
= 866.57 g
A student has a sample of 1.58 moles of fluorine gas that is contained in a 25.3 L container at 274 K. What is the pressure of the sample? The ideal gas constant is 0.0821 L*atm/mol*K. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 and include units.
(please hurry)!! and thank you in advance.
The pressure of the sample is 1.74 atm.
What is pressure?Pressure is described as the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
We make use of the ideal gas law equation:
PV = nRT
where:
P = pressure
V = volume
n = moles
R = ideal gas constant
T = temperature
Note that the ideal gas law states that the volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to the number on moles of gas, directly proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional to the pressure.
We then substitute the values into the equation:
P * 25.3 = 1.58 * 0.0821 * 274
pressure = (1.58 * 0.0821 * 274) / 25.3
pressure= 1.7378 atm
pressure = 1.74 atm.
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Identify the molecular geometry corresponding to each expected bond angle around the central atom.
a. Linear b. Trigonal pyramidal c. Trigonal planar d. Tetrahedral
In Linear molecular geometry, the bond angle is 90°, in trigonal pyramidal geometry, bond angle is 107°, in trigonal planar geometry, bond angle is 120° and in tetrahedral, the bond angle is 109.5°.
In the linear geometry, the central atom has two side atoms attached which are at and bond angle of 180°.
In trigonal pyramidal geometry, the central atom has four side atoms which resembles a pyramid like structure. The bond angle between the two consecutive side atoms is 107°.
In trigonal planar geometry, three atoms are attached on the sides of central atom. The bond angle between these side atom is equal and of 120°.
In Tetrahedral geometry, the central atom and the side atoms makes a triangular prism like structure, the bond angle between side atoms is 109.5°.
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. Classify each of the organisms in Figures 2 and 3 as
herbivore, carnivore, or omnivore. Explain your
classifications.
HELLLPPPP MEEEE PLEASE
Answer:
Herbivore, Omnivore & Carnivore
Explanation:
Herbivore they eat grass, Omnivores eat fruits and vegetables & Carnivores eat meat or flesh so that's why herb then omni and last carni bc so omni and herbi eat like the same thing
Answer:
Herbivore, Omnivore & Carnivore
Explanation:
Sulfuric acid is produced by first burning sulfur to produce sulfur trioxide gas
2S(s) + 3O2(g) → 2SO3(g)
then dissolving the sulfur trioxide gas in water
SO3(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO4(l)
Calculate the mass of sulfuric acid produced if 1.25 g of sulfur is reacted as indicated in the above equations.
Answer:
3.82 g.
Explanation:
To calculate the mass of sulfuric acid produced from 1.25 g of sulfur, we'll have to balance the chemical equations and use stoichiometry.
Starting with the first reaction:
2S(s) + 3O2(g) → 2SO3(g)
Since 1.25 g of sulfur is reacted, the number of moles of sulfur can be calculated as:
moles = mass / molar mass = 1.25 g / 32 g/mol = 0.03906 mol
Next, using the mole ratio from the balanced chemical equation, we can find the number of moles of sulfur trioxide produced:
2 moles of sulfur produce 2 moles of sulfur trioxide, so:
moles of SO3 = moles of S x (moles of SO3 / moles of S) = 0.03906 mol x (2 mol / 2 mol) = 0.03906 mol
Finally, we move on to the second reaction, the dissolution of sulfur trioxide in water:
SO3(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO4(l)
Using the mole ratio from this balanced equation, we can find the number of moles of sulfuric acid produced:
1 mole of sulfur trioxide reacts with 1 mole of water to produce 1 mole of sulfuric acid, so:
moles of H2SO4 = moles of SO3 x (moles of H2SO4 / moles of SO3) = 0.03906 mol x (1 mol / 1 mol) = 0.03906 mol
The mass of sulfuric acid produced can be calculated using the moles and the molar mass of sulfuric acid:
mass = moles x molar mass = 0.03906 mol x 98 g/mol = 3.82 g
Therefore, if 1.25 g of sulfur is reacted, the mass of sulfuric acid produced is approximately 3.82 g.
Help i need to know asap!!!!
identify a potential source of error that may have occurred during the calorimetry experiment. justify your response in two or more complete sentences.
Calorimetry Experiment: Calorimetry is a technique used to estimate changes in enthalpy of chemical reactions. There are two types of calorimetry experiments that are given below :
1. Enthalpy changes of reactions in solution.
2. Enthalpy changes of combustion.
According to question,
The biggest source of error in calorimetry is usually temperature measurements, unwanted heat loss to the surroundings, this can be fixed by adding a lid.
Stirring error : Calorimetry is not insulated in a proper way.
Personal sources of error : It contains many error one of the important and usual error is measurement error, error in the volume or weight.
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Which word equation is the correct translation of the chemical reaction below?
Answer: We can translate the given chemical equation as:
"potassium permanganate combined with zinc chloride produces zinc permanganate and potassium chloride". The best option to answer the question is the first one.
Explanation:
The question requires us to choose, among the options given, the correct "translation" for the following chemical equation:
\(KMnO_4+ZnCl_2\rightarrow Zn(MnO_4)_2+KCl\)To solve this problem, we can separate the compounds into their cations and anions, and then analyze the metal (cation) name and anion name. Keep in mind that the name of the compound is formed by cation/metal name + anion name.
1) Let's start with KMnO4, which is formed by the cation K+ (potassium) and anion (MnO4)- (permanganate). The name of KMnO4 is potassium permanganate.
2) Next, let's analyze ZnCl2, which is formed by the cation Zn2+ (zinc) and anion Cl- (chloride). The name of ZnCl2 is zinc chloride.
3) Now, let's check Zn(MnO4)2, which is formed by Zn2+ (zinc) and (MnO4)- (permanganate). The name of Zn(MnO4)2 is zinc permanganate.
4) At last, let's analyze KCl, which is formed by K+ (potassium) and Cl- (chloride). The name of KCl is potassium chloride.
Therefore, we can translate the given chemical equation as:
"potassium permanganate combined with zinc chloride produces zinc permanganate and potassium chloride". The best option to answer the question is the first one.
A 50,000 g septic tank reading reports that methane gas bubbles are present with a concentration of 17 ppm
Answer:
\(m_{solute}=0.85g\)
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, according to the given information for the parts per million of methane in this solution, it is possible for us to first write the equation for this unit of concentration as shown below:
\(ppm=\frac{m_{solute}}{m_{solvent}} *1x10^6\)
In such a way, since the septic tank has a mass of 50,000 g, the mass of methane into it is calculated as shown below:
\(m_{solute}=\frac{ppm*m_{solvent}}{1x10^6}\)
Now, we plug in the numbers to obtain:
\(m_{solute}=\frac{17*50000g}{1x10^6}\\\\m_{solute}=0.85g\)
Regards!
When 496.5 grams of pb(no3)2 reacts completely with kbr, how much will the
total mass of the products be? explain your answer.
mass mass problem - mass of reactant to mass of product
The total mass of the items is 853.8 g, according to the solution.
How much do the products weigh in total?We are aware that in order to determine the mass of the products and the overall mass of the products produced by the reaction, the stoichiometric principles must be applied.
The answer to the question states that 496. 5 grammes of lead II nitrate react with potassium bromide in a way that the lead II nitrate is totally consumed in the reaction. This indicates that the lead II nitrate is the reaction's limiting reactant.
According to the given information:Number of lead II nitrate moles
= 496. 5 grams /331 g/mol
= 1.5 moles
If 1 mole of lead II nitrate produces 1 mole of lead II bromide
Mass of lead II bromide produced
= 1.5 moles * 367 g/mol
= 550.5 g
If 2 moles of potassium nitrate are created from 1 mole of lead II nitrate
1.5 moles of lead II nitrate produces
= 1.5 * 2 /1
= 3 moles of potassium nitrate
Mass of potassium nitrate
= 3 moles * 101.1
= 303.3 g
Total mass produced
= 550.5 g + 303.3 g
= 853.8 g
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Write a balanced chemical equation for the following reaction, identifying the phase of each substance.
solid lithium oxide reacts with liquid water to form aqueous lithium hydroxide.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between solid lithium oxide (Li2O) and liquid water (H2O) to form aqueous lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is: Li2O(s) + H2O(l) → 2LiOH(aq)
In the balanced chemical equation, the reactants are solid lithium oxide (Li2O) and liquid water (H2O), while the product is aqueous lithium hydroxide (LiOH). The phase of each substance is indicated in the equation as follows: Li2O is in the solid phase (s), H2O is in the liquid phase (l), and LiOH is in the aqueous phase (aq). The equation shows that two moles of LiOH are produced for every mole of Li2O reacted with water. This reaction represents the combination of the elements lithium, oxygen, and hydrogen to form lithium hydroxide.
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The half-life for Carbon-14 is 5614 years. An ancient piece of cloth is found to contain ¼ of its original Carbon-14. How old is the cloth? Describe or show in detail how you solved this.
Answer:
To determine the age of the ancient cloth, we can use the concept of radioactive decay and the half-life of Carbon-14.
Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon, which decays over time into nitrogen-14 through beta decay. The half-life of Carbon-14 is 5614 years, which means that after 5614 years, half of the original amount of Carbon-14 in a sample will have decayed.
In this case, the cloth contains only ¼ of its original Carbon-14. This means that three half-lives have passed since the cloth was first created, as each half-life reduces the amount of Carbon-14 by half.
To determine the age of the cloth, we can use the following formula:
N = N0(1/2)^t/T
where N is the current amount of Carbon-14 in the cloth, N0 is the original amount of Carbon-14 in the cloth, t is the time that has passed, and T is the half-life of Carbon-14.
We know that N = ¼ N0, and T = 5614 years. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
¼ N0 = N0(1/2)^(3/T)
Solving for t, we get:
t = (3/T) * log(2)
Substituting in T = 5614 years, we get:
t = (3/5614) * log(2) ≈ 1,684 years
Therefore, the cloth is approximately 1,684 years old.
In summary, we can use the concept of radioactive decay and the half-life of Carbon-14 to determine the age of the ancient cloth. By knowing the current amount of Carbon-14 in the cloth, we can calculate the time that has passed since it was first created using a simple formula. In this case, the cloth is approximately 1,684 years old.
Find the number of atoms in 2 moles of potassium
Answer:To calculate the number of atoms in a sample, divide its weight in grams by the amu atomic mass from the periodic table, then multiply the result by Avogadro's number: 6.02 x 10^23
Dinitrogen pentoxide decomposes to form nitrogen dioxide oxygen, following the equation 2N2O5 >4NO2 +O2. At a certain timepoint, N2O5 is being consumed at a rate of 0. 1 M/s. What's the rate production of NO2 and )2 at the same timepoint?
Rate of production of NO₂ = 0.2 M/
Rate of production of O₂ = 0.05 M/s
Given
The rate of N₂O₅ (dinitrogen pentoxide): 0.1 M/s
Reaction
2N₂O₅⇒4NO₂+O₂
Required
The rate of production of NO₂ and O₂ at the same time point
Rate of disappearance of N₂O₅ = reaction rate x coefficient of N₂O₅
0.1 M/s=reaction rate x 2
reaction rate = 0.05 M/s
The rate of production of NO₂=
Rate of production of NO₂ = reaction rate x coefficient of NO₂
Rate of production of NO₂ = 0.05 M/s x 4
Rate of production of NO₂ = 0.2 M/s
Rate of production of O₂ = reaction rate x coefficient of O₂
Rate of production of O₂ = 0.05 M/s x 1
Rate of production of O₂ = 0.05 M/s
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what four elements does halogen bond with?
fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine,