The group decides to use only symmetric encryption by using a KDC (Key Distribution Center). What is the advantage(s) of using a KDC (Key Distribution Center) rather than having every two entity in the system sharing a secret key?

Answers

Answer 1

When a group decides to use only symmetric encryption by using a KDC (Key Distribution Center), there are certain advantages that come with it. Rather than having every two entity in the system sharing a secret key, the group uses a KDC.

A Key Distribution Center (KDC) is a component of certain computer operating systems that is responsible for managing access control between users and network resources.

The following are the advantages of using a KDC:Key distribution is easier and more efficient: KDC distributes a single symmetric key that can be used by all users in the network to securely encrypt and decrypt messages between them. As a result, KDCs are much more efficient than two entities sharing a secret key. This helps in preventing unauthorized access from any malicious attacker.

For example, if two entities share a secret key and one of them gets compromised by an attacker, then the attacker can easily gain access to all the messages being sent between the two entities. However, if a KDC is used, then the attacker will not be able to gain access to all the messages because the KDC is not a part of the communication channel and the encryption key is only distributed to the entities that require it.

Easier key management: In a large network, it can be very difficult to manage secret keys between two entities, particularly when there are a large number of entities. However, when using a KDC, key management is a lot easier because all the keys are stored and managed centrally.

Therefore, there is less risk of key loss, damage, or duplication. In conclusion, using a KDC for symmetric encryption has significant advantages over two entities sharing a secret key because it provides more secure, efficient, and easier key management.

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Related Questions

Adam observed properties of four different waves and recorded observations about the frequency and volume of each one in his chart. Which statement could Adam declare based on the data in the table

Answers

I believe this answer is B but my believing sucks so

A hemispherical tank is full of oil (density = 50 pc). It has a diameter of 10 ft. Find the work done in Ib-ft in pumping all the liquid out of the tank

Answers

The work done in pumping all the liquid out of the tank is 2500π lb-ft.

Work done calculation

The potential energy of an object is given by the formula:

PE = mgh

Given:

Density of oil = 50 lb/ft^3

Diameter of the tank = 10 ft ( r = 5 ft)

To calculate the work done, we need to find the mass of the oil and the height it is lifted. Let's start by finding the mass:

Volume of oil in the tank:

The volume of a hemisphere = (2/3) * π * (r^3)

Volume = (2/3) * π * (5^3) = (2/3) * π * 125 = 250π/3 ft^3

Mass of the oil:

Mass = Volume * Density = (250π/3) * 50 lb

Now, we need to find the height of the tank. For a hemisphere, the height is equal to the radius (5 ft).

Finally, we can calculate the work done:

Work = PE = mgh = (250π/3) * 50 lb * 5 ft

Work = (250π/3) * 50 * 5 lb-ft

       = 2500π lb-ft

So, the work done in pumping all the liquid out of the tank is approximately 2500π lb-ft.

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Properties that can change
the chemical composition of
matter

Answers

Answer: chemical properties include those properties that are determined only by changing the molecular structure or chemical composition of any substance.

These include reactivity, flammability, corrosiveness, toxicity, acidity.

Reactivity is the tendency of matter to react with another substance.

Helen MacArthur traveled by boat around the world at a speed of 29.4 km/h in a time of 71 days, 14 hours, 18 minutes and 33 seconds.

Calculate the distance she travelled.

Answers

Answer:

See below

Explanation:

Convert the time to hours....then multiply by the rate

71 days = 71 x 24 =1704 hrs

14 hours = 14 hours

18 minutes = `18/60 hr = .3 hr

33 seconds =  33/3600 hr = .009167 hr

total hrs =~ 1718.31 hr

1718.31 hr * 29.4 km/hr = 50518.3 km

If a cheetah runs 352 meters in 20 seconds, what is the speed of the cheetah?

Answers

Answer:

63360 mi/h

Explanation:

How to find the speed of an object

Calculate speed, distance, or time using the formula d = st, distance equals speed times time. The Speed Distance Time Calculator can solve for the unknown SDT value given two known values.

Time can be entered or solved for in units of second S (s), minutes (min), hours (hr), or hours and minutes and seconds (hh:mm: ss). See shortcuts for time formats below.

To solve for distance use the formula for distance D = st, or distance equals speed times time.

distance = speed x time

Rate and speed are similar since they both represent some distance per unit time like miles per hour or kilometers per hour. If rate r is the same as speed s, r = s = d/t. You can use the equivalent formula d = rt which means distance equals rate times time.

distance = rate x time

To solve for speed or rate use the formula for speed, s = d/t which means speed equals distance divided by time.

speed = distance/time

To solve for time use the formula for time, t = d/s which means time equals distance divided by speed.

time = distance/speed

Therefore, the speed = 63360 miles per hour

= 63360 mi/h

How do mirrors
work?​

Answers

Answer:

the light relflects off them and creates a image

Answer:

When photons - rays of light - coming from an object (your smiling face, for example) strike the smooth surface of a mirror, they bounce back at the same angle. Your eyes see these reflected photons as a mirror image.... If a smooth surface absorbs the photons, they can't bounce back and there will be no reflection.

Explanation:

*Hope this helps*

a car moving at constant speed rounds a curve as shown (the view is from above). at the point pictured, is there a force of friction acting on the car? hint: think of all the forces acting on the car. what direction do they have to add up to? a. no b. yes, pointing backwards c. yes, pointing left d. yes, pointing right

Answers

Yes, there is a force of friction acting on the car at the point pictured. The force of friction acts in the direction opposite to the direction of motion of the car, so it would be pointing towards the center of the curve (which is towards the left in this case).

What is Constant Speed?

Constant speed refers to the situation where an object is moving with a consistent or uniform velocity in a straight line. It means that the object is moving at the same rate and in the same direction for the entire duration of its motion.

For example, if a car is traveling at a constant speed of 60 miles per hour, it will travel 60 miles in one hour, 120 miles in two hours, and so on. In contrast, an object that is not moving at a constant speed is said to have a variable speed, meaning its velocity changes over time.

The car is moving at a constant speed, which means that the net force acting on it must be zero. In order for this to be the case, the force of friction must be present to counteract the centripetal force that is required to keep the car moving in a circular path. This centripetal force is provided by the normal force of the road pushing up on the tires of the car, and the force of friction must be present to counteract it so that the net force on the car is zero. Therefore, the correct answer is (c) yes, pointing left.

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h John has been taking exam (for, since, from) last Sunday. This is the place... ...........(which, where, that) I found this bag Reeta ............... (as well as, besides, and) Sita is here, No rain fell that month the crops all failed. (although, so, however) She speaks she knows all about it. (as it, however, unless) Sumit studied hard he could get success. (as, because, so that) This is the village I was born. (where, which, when) his higher qualification, he was a failure as a teacher, (Because, In spite of, Even though) This is the book I wanted. (when, whom, that) She went to school............... her illness. (though, because of, in spite of) I don't know the spot he met with the accident. (who, where, which)​

Answers

Answer:

YOP

Explanation:

Caught that boy lacking aint no capping had to stand on business

An answer will get you mark as brainliest! This question is in the attachments.

An answer will get you mark as brainliest! This question is in the attachments.

Answers

Answer: I am quite sure your answer here is D.

Explanation: It just seems like the only possible answer to me have a good day :D

You are trying to enter a prize drawing at the radio station but the lines are busy. You continue to call every 1-5 minutes hoping to get on the air. Which reinforcement schedule is this?.

Answers

The reinforcement schedule is this variable interval.

Shaping is the use of iterative approximation enhancements to the desired behavior. In particular, when molding techniques are used the approximate desired motion exhibited is enhanced, but the motion that is not an approximation of the desired motion is not enhanced.

Continuous reinforcement is reinforcement that is repeated each time the behavior occurs. This may involve a positive applying the stimulus or negative reinforcement with the aim of encouraging a specific behavior. Continuous enhancement is one of the two basic types of enhancement plans. Associative learning occurs when organisms associate stimuli or events that occur simultaneously in their environment.

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Is there effect of friction on mechanical advantange

Answers

Answer:

Most certainly yes

Explanation: First you have to define what friction is "A force that resist motion" while Mechanical advantage " is simply a measure of the output force to the input force". Hence in a mechanical system if you increase friction in the system, it reduces the mechanical advantage and vice versa.

The planet has the same radius as Earth's. State whether the planet's mass would be the same, or greater, or less, than that of Earth. Explain your answer.​

Answers

The mass of the planet is known to be one that would vary according to its density, assuming it has an identical radius to Earth.

What is the radius  about?

When comparing two objects with the same size, their mass will differ if their densities are dissimilar, since density is the measure of mass per unit volume.

Therefore, in the case that the planet's density is equivalent to that of Earth, its mass would parallel Earth's. In the event that the density of the planet surpasses that of Earth, then it would weigh more than Earth due to an increase in its mass. If the density of the planet is lower compared to that of Earth, then its mass would also be lower than that of Earth.

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Which skateboarder has greater momentum?
a) Skateboarder A: mass = 60 kg; velocity = 1.5 m/s
b) Skateboarder B: mass = 50 kg; velocity = 2.0 m/s

Answers

Answer:

skateboard b

Explanation:

p=mv

skateboard a

p=(60kg)(1.5m/s)=90kg*m/s

skateboard b

p=(50kg)(2m/s)=100kg*m/s

Skateboarder B has the greater momentum because the momentum of A is 90 kg m/s and the momentum of B is 100 kg m/s so B has the greater momentum.

What is momentum?

Momentum is the result of a particle's mass and velocity. Being a vector quantity, momentum possesses both magnitude and direction. According to Isaac Newton's second equation of motion, the force applied on a particle is equal to the time rate of change of momentum. Check out Newton's laws of motion.

According to Newton's second law, if a particle is subjected to a constant force for a specific amount of time, the result of the force and time (referred to as the impulse) is equal to the change in momentum. On the other hand, a particle's momentum represents the length of time needed for a consistent force to bring it to rest.

According to the question,

For Skateboarder A :

momentum = 60 × 1.5

momentum = 90 kg m/s

For Skateboarder B :

momentum = 50 × 2

momentum = 100 kg m/s.

Hence, B has greater momentum than A.

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In about 6 billion years, the Sun will become a red giant. This will not be a problem for humanity because

Answers

The sun will become a red giant but it will not be a problem for humanity because the Earth will become inhabitable before that.

As per the research conducted it is said that the sun will eventually become a red giant and it engulf our planet Earth. The Earth will become extremely giant. This in turn will not become a problem for humanity, flora and fauna as the Earth will be completely inhabitable. All the forms of life will completely perish and no life form will exist. The planet will be engulfed by the red giant Sun. This is the reason it is not a problem for humanity.

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Suppose a spectral line of hydrogen, normally at 500 nm when measured in a lab on Earth, is observed in the spectrum of a star to be at 500.3 nm. This is called a red shift because the wavelength is longer (and red is on the long-wavelength side of the visible spectrum). How fast is the star moving away from Earth? Give your answer in m/s. Hint: follow example 5.6. Compare in particular to the "Check your learning" calculation, and note that larger Δλ means larger speed.

Answers

The star is moving away from Earth at a velocity of 1.8 x 106 m/s.

The Doppler Effect describes the shift in wavelength of a wave when the source is moving in relation to the observer. The shift can be observed in sound waves, light waves, and other waves.

The Doppler Effect can be used to determine the velocity of objects moving away from an observer, as in the case of stars moving away from Earth.

The velocity of a star moving away from Earth can be determined using the equation:

v = Δλ/λ x c, Where v is the velocity of the star, Δλ is the shift in wavelength of the spectral line, λ is the wavelength of the spectral line measured in the lab on Earth, and c is the speed of light (3.00 x 108 m/s).

In this case, the shift in wavelength of the spectral line is Δλ = 500.3 nm - 500 nm = 0.3 nm.

The wavelength of the spectral line measured in the lab on Earth is λ = 500 nm.

Plugging in these values to the equation above: v = Δλ/λ x cv = (0.3 nm / 500 nm) x (3.00 x 108 m/s) = 1.8 x 106 m/s.

Therefore, velocity of star 1.8 x 106 m/s.

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a vertical long-run phillips curve is consistent with

Answers

A vertical long-run Phillips curve is consistent with the idea that there is no long-run trade-off between inflation and unemployment.

The Phillips curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between inflation and unemployment. In the short run, there is an inverse relationship between the two variables, meaning that as unemployment decreases, inflation tends to increase. However, in the long run, this relationship may not hold.

The long-run Phillips curve is often depicted as a vertical line, indicating that there is no trade-off between inflation and unemployment in the long run. This is because in the long run, the economy reaches its natural rate of unemployment, also known as the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU). At this level of unemployment, any attempt to reduce unemployment further through expansionary policies would only lead to higher inflation without any significant decrease in unemployment.

Therefore, a vertical long-run Phillips curve is consistent with the idea that there is no long-run trade-off between inflation and unemployment.

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A vertical long-run Phillips curve is consistent with the absence of a trade-off between inflation and unemployment in the long run.

A vertical long-run Phillips curve is consistent with the idea of a non-existent trade-off between inflation and unemployment in the long run. In other words, it suggests that there is no sustainable relationship between these two variables in the long term.

This concept is associated with the theory of the natural rate of unemployment, which posits that in the long run, unemployment will converge to its natural or equilibrium rate regardless of inflation levels. The vertical Phillips curve indicates that changes in inflation will not lead to lasting changes in unemployment rates.

A vertical long-run Phillips curve suggests that there is no stable or exploitable relationship between inflation and unemployment in the long term. This concept emerged as a result of the theory of the natural rate of unemployment, which argues that there is a certain equilibrium rate of unemployment that exists regardless of inflation levels.

According to this theory, any attempts to permanently reduce unemployment below this natural rate would only result in higher inflation without providing sustainable employment benefits.

The vertical Phillips curve reflects the idea that in the long run, changes in inflation do not have a lasting impact on unemployment rates, and vice versa. It indicates that policies focused solely on manipulating inflation levels would not be effective in achieving long-term reductions in unemployment.

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Which of these was NOT seen telescopically by Galileo?

O A. sunspots
O B. Four moons around Jupiter
O C. craters and mare on the Moon
O D. Venus' phase cycle
O E. stellar paralla

Answers

Nearby stars appear to move in comparison to background stars that are farther away due to Earth's rotation around the Sun. This mobility, which is not "actual" moving, is known as stellar parallax.

Why is parallax so important?

Parallax is one of the most important methods of distance measurement used by astronomy. Although it is quite accurate, it can only be used for stars that are close by. The method compares the background motion of further away objects to the moving object of nearby objects.

What is revealed by stellar parallax?

Stellar parallax, which may be used to determine an object's distance using trigonometry, is the apparent shift in location of any nearby star (or other object) when contrasted to other objects at a distance.

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Which radio wave technologies would be unaffected by satellites that are not working properly?
space communication and television broadcasting television broadcasting and GPS O MRI and radio telescopes
O radio telescopes and space communication​

Answers

Answer:

MRI and Radio telescopes

MRI and radio telescopes would be unaffected by satellites that are not working properly.

What is radio wave?

The longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum are found in radio waves, which typically have frequencies of 300 gigahertz (GHz) and lower. The wavelength for 300 GHz is 1 mm, which is shorter than a grain of rice, while the wavelength for 30 Hz is 10,000 km (6,200 miles) (longer than the radius of the Earth).

Radio waves move at the speed of light in a vacuum, as do all electromagnetic waves, and at a nearly identical speed in the Earth's atmosphere.

Among the given options, space communication and television broadcasting television broadcasting and GPS  and  radio telescopes and space communication​ are affected by satellites that are not working properly because they are operated by satellite technology.

Hence, only MRI and radio telescopes would be unaffected by satellites that are not working properly.

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a gymnast dismounts off of a bar with a velocity of 4.0 m/s straight up. if the bar is set 2.5 m above the ground, what is her velocity as she lands on the ground?

Answers

The gymnast's velocity as she lands on the ground is approximately 8.06 m/s.You need to understand that the gravitational acceleration on Earth is approximately 9.8 m/s² and the velocity of the gymnast changes from 4.0 m/s upward to some final velocity down when she lands.

Also, the height of the bar and the height of the ground level will be used in solving this problem.Using the formula for motion with constant acceleration:

`v² = u² + 2as`

where `v` is the final velocity, `u` is the initial velocity, `a` is the acceleration, `s` is the displacement.

Substituting the given values of the gymnast's velocity, acceleration due to gravity, and the displacement:

`v² = u² + 2as` becomes

`v² = 4.0² + 2(-9.8)(-2.5)`

Note that the negative sign was used since the displacement of the gymnast is in the downward direction.

Therefore: `v² = 16.0 + 49.0`

=> `v² = 65.0`

To find `v`, we need to take the square root of both sides:

`v = sqrt(65.0)`

=> `v ≈ 8.06 m/s`

Therefore, the gymnast's velocity as she lands on the ground is approximately 8.06 m/s.

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calculate the density, in g/l, of sf6 gas at 27°c and 0.500 atm pressure.

Answers

The density of the SF₆ gas at the given pressure and temperature is 2.96 g/l.

The given parameters:

temperature of the SF₆ gas, T = 27 ⁰C = 273 + 27 = 300 Kpressure of the SF₆ gas, P = 0.5 atm

The molecular mass of the SF₆ gas is calculated as follows;

M of SF₆ = 32 + (6 x 19) = 146 g/mol

The density of the SF₆ gas is calculated by applying ideal gas law as follows;

\(PV = nRT\\\\PV = \frac{m}{M} RT\\\\PM = \frac{m}{V} RT\\\\PM = \rho RT\\\\\rho = \frac{PM}{RT}\)

where;

\(\rho\) is the density of the gasR is the ideal gas constant = 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K

\(\rho = \frac{0.5 \times 146}{0.0821 \times 300} \\\\\rho = 2.96 \ g/l\)

Thus, the density of the SF₆ gas at the given pressure and temperature is 2.96 g/l.

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A bullet of mass 50 gm is moving with the velocity of 720 km/hr. Calculate the kinetic energy of the bulet​

Answers

Answer:

K = 5706.6 J

Explanation:

Given that,

The mass of a bullet, m = 50 g = 0.05 kg

The velocity of the bullet, v = 720 km/hr = 477.77 m/s

We need to find the kinetic energy of the bullet​. The kinetic energy of an object is due to its motion. It can be given by the formula as follows :

\(K=\dfrac{1}{2}mv^2\\\\=\dfrac{1}{2}\times 0.05\times 477.77 ^2\\\\K=5706.6\ J\)

So, the required kinetic energy of the bullet is equal to 5706.6 J.

A liquid will evaporate more.....at a lower temperature

A liquid evaporate more….. when it has greater surface area.

A liquid will evaporate more….. when a draught blows over its surface

Answers

Answer:

Otherwise, as long as the air is not saturated with water vapor - which is to say that the humidity is below 100% - some evaporation can occur at any temperature when there is liquid water to evaporate. The higher the temperature, the faster evaporation takes place, and the lower the temperature, the slower evaporation takes place.

for circular orbits the potential energy of the companion star is constant throughout the orbit. if the radius of the orbit doubles, what is the new value of velocity of the campanion star

Answers

Explanation:

the new value is 9.8*10⁷ m/s²

A brick is resting on a rough incline. The friction force acting on the brick, along the incline, isA. equal to the weight of the brickB. less than the weight of the brickC. greater than the weight of the brickD. zero

Answers

When a brick (brickA) is resting on a rough incline, the friction force acting on the brick along the incline depends on a few factors. First, let's discuss the forces acting on the brick (brickA). The weight of the brick acts vertically downward due to gravity, and this force can be represented as the weight vector. We can decompose the weight vector into two components: one parallel to the incline (weight_parallel) and one perpendicular to the incline (weight_perpendicular).

The friction force acting on the brick (brickA) along the incline is opposing the component of the weight vector parallel to the incline (weight_parallel). The force of friction is determined by the product of the normal force (which in this case is equal to weight_perpendicular) and the coefficient of friction between the brick and the incline (brickC).
Now, let's analyze the given options:
A. Equal to the weight of the brick - This is incorrect, as the friction force is only equal to the weight_parallel component, not the entire weight of the brick.
B. Less than the weight of the brick - This is correct. The friction force acting on the brick along the incline is opposing the weight parallel component, which is always less than the total weight of the brick.
C. Greater than the weight of the brick - This is incorrect, as the friction force is only acting against the weight parallel component and cannot be greater than the total weight of the brick.
D. Zero - This is incorrect. Since the brick is on a rough incline, there will be a friction force acting against the weight parallel component.
So, the correct answer is B. The friction force acting on the brick along the incline is less than the weight of the brick.

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How many plants must be on the new settlement to provide enough oxygen for 20 adult humans to survive

Answers

Answer:

nasaan po yung problem?

Explanation:

picture kailangan kooo

Please help me with this assignment!

Please help me with this assignment!

Answers

Answer:

Ice cube, molecules, melting, zero degrees, liquid, faster, temperature, 100 degrees, steam

Answer:

lol you got the answer just need points sorry

Explanation:

HELP PLEASE WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!

Find the mass of an object that has a density of 1.5 g/cm^3 and has a volume of 8 cm^3

Answers

1.5x8 = 12
Because D=m/v, multiply v by d

Answer:

12 grams

Explanation:

To calculate mass, we can use the following formula:

Mass = density × volume

Plug in the values

Mass = 1.5 × 8

Mass = 12

Therefore, the mass of the object is 12 grams.

I hope this helps!

50 POINTS!!!! pls answer 1-5 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! PLEASE

50 POINTS!!!! pls answer 1-5 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! PLEASE
50 POINTS!!!! pls answer 1-5 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! PLEASE
50 POINTS!!!! pls answer 1-5 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! PLEASE
50 POINTS!!!! pls answer 1-5 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! PLEASE
50 POINTS!!!! pls answer 1-5 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! PLEASE

Answers

The velocity is defined as the rate of change of displacement per unit time and the unit of velocity is m/s. Velocity is of two types and they are average velocity and instantaneous velocity.

A) From the given graph, object B traveled faster when compared with object A. Because the speed of object B increases gradually with time whereas the speed of object A decreases with time. Hence, object B travels faster.

B)The velocity increases with time 2s to 4s. The velocity is defined as the rate of change displacement by time taken. v = Δx/Δt, where Δx is the change in displacement and Δt is the time taken. Δx = final.dis - initial dis = 0-(-4) = 0+4 = 4 m. Δt = final.time-ini.time = 4-2 = 2s. Thus, the velocity v = 4/2 = 2 m/s. Hence, the velocity increases gradually.

C) The acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity per unit time. From the given graph, the change in velocity does not change, and hence Δv = 0. Acceleration a = Δv/Δt = 0. Thus, the acceleration of the object is zero.

D) Acceleration (a) is the rate of velocity per unit time and the unit of velocity is m/s². Acceleration (a) = Δv/Δt, where Δv is the change in velocity. Δv = final.velocity - initial.velocity = 8-(-2) = 8+2 = 10 m/s. Δt = final. time-initial. time = 7-3 = 4s. a = 10/4=2.5m/s². Hence, the acceleration is 2.5m/s².

E) Force is the product of mass and acceleration. From the given, the force moves in both forward and backward directions, and hence, force is a vector quantity. F(net) = F₁+F₂=18 - 6 = 12N. The mass of the cart is 2kg.

F = ma

a = F/m

  = 12/2

  = 6 m/s²

Thus, the acceleration of the cart with a mass of 2kg is 6 m.s⁻².

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Light travel. Two coherent light pulses are emitted simultaneously n the vacuum and hit a screen directly in front of them. If one light pulse passes through 7.6 m of ice on its way to the screen, what is the time difference between the arrivals of the two pulses at the screen? What is the difference of the phase between the two pulses? Assume they are in phase before passing the ice. The refractive index of ice is 1.309. The light wavelength is 510 nm.

Answers

:The time difference between the arrivals of the two pulses at the screen is approximately 7.89 picoseconds, and the phase difference between the two pulses is approximately 2.49 radians.

When light travels through a medium, such as ice, its speed changes due to the change in refractive index. To determine the time difference between the arrivals of the two pulses at the screen, we need to calculate the time it takes for each pulse to travel through the ice.

The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second. However, in ice, the speed of light is reduced by a factor equal to the refractive index of the medium. The refractive index of ice is given as 1.309.

To calculate the time it takes for one pulse to pass through 7.6 meters of ice, we divide the distance by the speed of light in ice:

Time taken = Distance / Speed of light in ice

Time taken = 7.6 m / (299,792,458 m/s / 1.309)

Simplifying the equation gives us the time taken as approximately 2.542 × 10^-8 seconds or 25.42 nanoseconds.

Since the other pulse travels directly through a vacuum, its time of arrival is simply the distance divided by the speed of light in a vacuum:

Time taken = 7.6 m / 299,792,458 m/s

Time taken = 2.535 × 10^-8 seconds or 25.35 nanoseconds.

The time difference between the two pulses can be calculated by subtracting the time taken for the pulse traveling through the vacuum from the time taken for the pulse passing through the ice:

Time difference = Time taken for pulse through ice - Time taken for pulse through vacuum

Time difference = \(2.542 × 10^-8 s - 2.535 × 10^-8 s\)

Time difference ≈ 7.89 picoseconds.

Now, to calculate the phase difference between the two pulses, we need to use the equation:

Phase difference = (2π / wavelength) * path difference

The wavelength of the light is given as 510 nm, which is equal to\(510 × 10^-9 meters.\)

Path difference = refractive index * distance

Path difference = \(1.309 * 7.6 m\)

Path difference ≈ 9.9264 meters

Phase difference =\((2π / 510 × 10^-9 m) * 9.9264 m\)

Phase difference ≈ 2.49 radians.

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What is moving faster, a 450 kg horse with a momentum of 765 kgm/s or an object with a different mass and momentum?

Answers

Therefore, the answer to this question is that it cannot be determined without more information.

The answer to this question can be determined by comparing the velocity of the two objects.

The formula for momentum is:

momentum = mass × velocity

We can rearrange this formula to solve for velocity:

velocity = momentum / mass For the horse

We can plug in the given values:

velocity = 765 kgm/s / 450 kg velocity = 1.7 m/s

For the other object, we do not have enough information to determine its velocity. We would need to know its mass and momentum in order to calculate its velocity and compare it to the horse's velocity. Without this information, we cannot determine which object is moving faster. Therefore, the answer to this question is that it cannot be determined without more information.

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