The phosphorylation of ________ a protein kinase upon downstream signaling by phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 is responsible to promote cell division and growth.
A) PKB
B) ERK
C) PKA
D) PKC
Answers
PKB is a protein kinase that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, and growth. The correct answer is A) PKB.
The phosphorylation of PKB (also known as Akt) upon downstream signaling by phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) is responsible for promoting cell division and growth. Therefore, Activation of PKB is triggered by the insulin receptor signaling pathway, which involves the phosphorylation of IRS-1 and subsequent activation of PKB.
Upon downstream signaling by phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), the protein kinase PKB (also known as Akt) undergoes phosphorylation. This phosphorylation event is responsible for promoting cell division and growth. PKB/Akt is a key player in the insulin signaling pathway and regulates various cellular processes, including protein synthesis, cell survival, and metabolism.
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Related Questions
Which RNA base pairs with the adenine in DNA?
Othymine
O guanine
O cytosine
Ouracil
Answers
Answer:
Uracil
Explanation:
In RNA Adenine pairs with Uracil
In DNA Adenine pairs with Thymine
Thymine dos not exist in RNA
Hope this helps ^^
Adenine in DNA pairs with uracil in RNA. Therefore option “D” is correct.
What is nucleotide base pairing?There are five types of the nucleotide bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymidine, and uracil. These divide into two classes of nucleotides pyrimidine and purine nucleotide bases. Pyrimidines are uracil, thymine, and cytosine whereas adenine and guanine are purines.
DNA consists of adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymidine. In RNA, adenine, cytosine, and guanine are present but thymine is replaced by uracil.
Pyrimidine always binds with the purines through hydrogen bonding. Adenine binds with thymine. Cytosine binds with guanine. But when adenine pairs with uracil in RNA.
Nucleotide base pairing is important for the stability of the DNA.
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Carbon dioxide is used by plants for why
Answers
Answer: they use carbon dioxide to help them grow.
Explanation:
Answer:
In a process called “photosynthesis,” plants use the energy in sunlight to convert CO2 and water to sugar and oxygen. The plants use the sugar for food—food that we use, too, when we eat plants or animals that have eaten plants — and they release the oxygen into the atmosphere.
please solve, will give brainlyist
Answers
The local climate is a key determinant of the last stage of a pond's succession.
The ecosystem reaches a point of ecological stability within the plant community during the last stage of ecological succession as the plants develop and become established throughout time. The diversity of plant species have attained their maximal capacity for growth at this stage of stability. The culmination stage marks the end of the aquatic succession. If there are no disturbances like wildfires or storms, the vegetation is in harmony with the environment during this stage. Wind, fire, natural catastrophes, erosion, and other climatic conditions are only a few. Activities of other creatures are included in the biotic factors. Several early ecologists believed that what a community always experiences the same succession of phases.
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Many identical copies of genes cloned in bacteria are produced as a result of ________.
A) plasmid replication
B) bacterial cell replication
C) transformation
D) plasmid and bacterial cell replication
Answers
Many identical copies of genes cloned in bacteria are produced as a result of D) plasmid and bacterial cell replication.
In this process, a target gene is first inserted into a plasmid, which is a small, circular piece of DNA. The recombinant plasmid, containing the gene of interest, is then introduced into a bacterial cell through a process called transformation.
Once inside the bacterial cell, the plasmid replicates independently from the bacterial chromosome, making multiple copies of the inserted gene. As the bacterial cell undergoes replication, it also duplicates the plasmids present within it. As a result, each daughter cell receives a copy of the recombinant plasmid, which in turn continues to replicate, creating many identical copies of the desired gene.
This combined process of plasmid replication and bacterial cell replication enables the production of a large number of genetically identical bacterial cells, each containing the cloned gene. This method is widely used in biotechnology and genetic engineering for producing recombinant proteins, gene therapy, and various other applications. Hence, Option D is the correct answer.
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Early ChildhoodLow levels of - in the female embryo allow the normal development of female sex organs.
Answers
Female hormones are responsible for the development of sexual characteristics in girls and also for regulating the reproductive cycle.
if you carve your initials in the trunk of a tree, will they move higher as the tree grows?
Answers
No, If you carve your initials in the trunk of a tree they will not move higher.
When a tree grows, it increases in height due to growth at the tips of its branches and in girth due to the addition of new layers of wood cells under the bark. The process that causes the tree's height growth is called apical growth, and it takes place at the top of the tree where new branches and leaves form.
On the other hand, the growth in a tree's diameter is called radial growth. This happens when the tree adds new layers of wood cells (xylem) and phloem tissue under the bark, which results in an increase in the tree's circumference. The tree's bark also expands to accommodate the growth in diameter.
When you carve initials into a tree trunk, you're essentially creating a wound in the tree's protective outer layer. Over time, the tree will grow around the carved area, and the initials may appear wider or more distorted due to the tree's radial growth. However, the initials will remain at the same height above the ground, as the growth that increases the tree's height occurs at the tips of its branches and not at the trunk. So, while the carved area may change in appearance, it will not move higher as the tree grows.
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Mendel discovered the basic laws of inheritance experimenting with peas. His basic rules can explain inheritance if there is only one gene involved. When there is more than one gene or the environment influences gene expression, the rules are more complicated.
Determine whether the examples listed below are examples of Mendelian inheritance or complex inheritance.
Complex: tameness in silver foxes; skin color in humans; coat color in Labradors
Mendelian: body size in dogs; flower color in peas
Answers
Body size in dogs and flower color in peas are examples of Mendelian inheritance, while tameness in silver foxes, skin color in humans, and coat color in Labradors are examples of complex inheritance.
Mendel's laws of inheritance explain how traits are passed down from generation to generation through the transmission of genes. These laws apply when there is only one gene involved, and the environment does not influence gene expression. Inheritance becomes more complicated when there are multiple genes involved, or when the environment plays a role in gene expression.
Body size in dogs and flower color in peas are examples of Mendelian inheritance because they are controlled by a single gene with clear dominant and recessive alleles. On the other hand, tameness in silver foxes, skin color in humans, and coat color in Labradors are examples of complex inheritance because they are controlled by multiple genes with varying degrees of dominance and interaction.
Additionally, environmental factors can influence the expression of these traits, making inheritance more complex.
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I like Payton my teacher of biology he is 17 what do I do and he lives far away and doesn't know that I exist
Answers
Answer:
we should cry.
Explanation:
because he doesn't know you exist. That means that he doesn't like you, get over Payton find someone who finds interest in you.
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Kendra wonders what would happen if the oceans did not exist on Earth. Based on her understanding of the oceans and the water cycle she predicts that Earth would become warmer, with less rain, more clouds, and that living things would not survive. Which part of her prediction is incorrect?
A) That living things would not survive
B) That Earth would get warmer
C) That there would be less rain
D) That there would be more clouds
Answers
Answer:
That there would be more clouds is the incorrect answer
Explanation:
in mammalian cells, where is the atp synthase protein complex located? inner membrane of mitochondria outer membrane of mitochondria cytoplasmic membrane mitochondrial matrix
Answers
The ATP synthase protein complex in mammalian cells is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria.
The ATP synthase protein complex is located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria in mammalian cells. The inner mitochondrial membrane is where most of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation occur, which is the final stage of aerobic respiration. ATP synthase is an integral protein located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This protein uses energy from a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize ATP.The ATP synthase protein complex is responsible for producing ATP, which is the primary energy currency of cells.
It does this by harnessing the energy released during the electron transport chain to pump protons out of the inner mitochondrial membrane. This creates a proton gradient, which is used to power the ATP synthase protein complex, causing it to produce ATP. Therefore, the ATP synthase protein complex is essential for the production of ATP in mammalian cells.
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The establishment of a bird reservation is a way to (1 point)
o attract predators.
o increase funds.
O decrease biodiversity.
O preserve an ecosystem.
Answers
Answer: preserve an ecosystem.
Explanation:
A bird reservation is a place where they protect birds. An example of this is the American Bird Conservancy where they say their mission "is to conserve native birds and their habitats throughout the Americas."
While this is one specific example, this leads us to the conclusion that the answer is to "preserve an ecosystem."
If negative selection of t-lymphoctyes in the thymus never occurred. What would likely happen?
Answers
If negative selection of T-lymphocytes in the thymus never occurred, it would likely result in the presence of self-reactive T-cells in the immune system.
Negative selection is a process that occurs in the thymus, where T-lymphocytes (also known as T-cells) are exposed to self-antigens. This process helps to eliminate T-cells that recognize and react to self-antigens, which could potentially cause autoimmune diseases or inappropriate immune responses.
If negative selection did not occur, self-reactive T-cells would not be eliminated and would be released into the bloodstream. This could lead to an increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues in the body.
In summary, the absence of negative selection in the thymus would likely result in the presence of self-reactive T-cells, increasing the risk of autoimmune diseases.
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Summary of gene expression starting with DNA anding with proteins.
Answers
Answer:
Normally, transcription begins when an RNA polymerase binds to a so-called promoter sequence on the DNA molecule. ... Some regulatory proteins affect the transcription of multiple genes. This occurs because multiple copies of the regulatory protein binding sites exist within the genome of a cell.
Explanation:
Gene expression is the process of using a gene to produce a protein. It also comprises the processes of mRNA translation and DNA transcription for the production of the protein. It might potentially involve further protein processing after protein synthesis.
What is the process of gene expression?DNA to mRNA to protein translation. The simplest definition of gene expression is the production of the gene's corresponding protein, and this complex procedure involves two main phases.
Transcription is the process by which the data in DNA is converted into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule in the initial phase.
Therefore, a cell's nucleus is where an mRNA transcript is created. The mRNA travels from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for the following stage of gene expression.
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in 1987, a group of molecular geneticists at the university of california at berkeley offered support for the idea that anatomically modern humans arose fairly recently in africa, then spread out and colonized the world. the geneticists analyzed genetic samples of 147 women whose ancestors came from africa, europe, the middle east, asia, new guinea, and australia. by estimating the number of mutations that had taken place in the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of each of these samples, the researchers concluded that
Answers
The researchers concluded that, the genetic diversity observed in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the samples indicated that all individuals shared a common maternal ancestor who lived in Africa approximately 200,000 years ago. This supported the hypothesis that anatomically modern humans originated in Africa and subsequently migrated to other regions of the world.
The analysis of genetic samples from diverse populations allowed the researchers to trace the genetic lineage back to a single common ancestor. Mitochondrial DNA is passed down exclusively from the mother to her offspring, making it a useful tool for studying human ancestry and tracing maternal lineages.
The estimated number of mutations in the mtDNA samples provided insights into the time since the most recent common ancestor. By comparing the number of mutations across different populations, the researchers could estimate the time it took for those mutations to occur, suggesting a recent African origin for modern humans.
This study provided genetic evidence supporting the Out-of-Africa theory, which posits that modern humans evolved in Africa and then dispersed to other parts of the world, replacing or assimilating other hominin populations they encountered along the way.
It's worth noting that subsequent studies and advancements in genetic research have further refined our understanding of human migration and ancestry. However, the 1987 study played a crucial role in providing evidence for the African origin and subsequent global spread of anatomically modern humans.
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High salinity, or salt content, is a problem for many soils. Which of the
following best describes the relationship between high levels of salt and
environmental water such as rainwater?
A. High salinity results in too little water.
B. High salinity results in too much water.
C. Too much water results in high salinity.
O D. Too little water results in high salinity.
SUBMIT
Answers
Answer:
D. Too little water results in high salinity
Answer:
Too little water results in high salinity.
Explanation:
I just did the quiz and I got it right.
Which statement is not true regarding the factory?
4x
A
B
C
The factory's pumping lake likely allows pollutants to enter the water table.
The city's environmental protection laws do not prevent all factory pollution from ever reaching and contaminating the ocean.
The factory is abiding by the law by being located well over the required distance from the ocean.
D The factory's location and distance from the ocean prevents any pollutants from reaching the ocean.
Answers
The factory's pumping lake likely allows pollutants to enter the water table, is not true about the factory.
What are pollution law for factory?The EPA establishes minimum pollution regulations. The EPA enacts drinking water standards legislation. The EPA prioritizes the cleaning of hazardous waste sites.
Substitution of raw materials: moving to less hazardous materials. Process modification is the process of modifying the manufacturing process in order to enhance efficiency and reduce the use of harmful substances. Upgrade equipment: install more efficient equipment to reduce raw material consumption and waste.
Environmental pollution is defined as contaminating or making dirty or impure the state's air, land, or waters, or making them hazardous to public health, hazardous for commercial or recreational usage, or damaging to fish, bird, animal, or plant life.
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On your whiteboard, and without the help of your textbook or the internet, sketch what a cell looks like. Draw whatever you can remember about a cell and label it.
Answers
To draw a cell we have to consider that they are formed by different organelles and structures. Between plant and animals cells those structures share similitudes and differences in terms of whether they are present or not. One of the main differences between these two kinds of cells is the cell wall present in plant cells, and the absence in animal cells, which gives a rigid aspect to the former ones, with respect to the latter.
We can notice that there are evident differences, like the presence of centrioles in animal cells, and the presence of chloroplast in plant cells. In plants, we can also find large vacuoles than in animal cells.
how is karyogamy related to plasmogamy? check all that apply. check all that apply two haploid nuclei fuse in karogamy. two haploid nuclei fuse in karogamy. a diploid nucleus splits in karyogamy. a diploid nucleus splits in karyogamy. the products of plasmogamy are combined in karyogamy. the products of plasmogamy are combined in karyogamy. the products of plasmogamy are split in karyogamy. the products of plasmogamy are split in karyogamy.
Answers
Karyogamy is the process by which two haploid nuclei fuse to form a diploid nucleus. It is an important step in sexual reproduction in many organisms. Plasmogamy, on the other hand, is the fusion of two cells' cytoplasm, which is the material surrounding the nucleus.
A diploid nucleus does not split in karyogamy, as it is the fusion of two haploid nuclei. The products of plasmogamy are not split in karyogamy but rather combined.
In summary, plasmogamy and karyogamy are both important steps in sexual reproduction that lead to genetic diversity in offspring. Plasmogamy brings together two cells' cytoplasm, allowing for genetic exchange, while karyogamy fuses the haploid nuclei to form a diploid nucleus, which undergoes meiosis to produce genetically diverse offspring.
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which type of molecule forms channels through the cell membrane?
Answers
Option (b) phospholipid of molecule forms the cell membrane.
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane (PM), cytoplasmic membrane, or plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the inside of all cells from the outside world (the extracellular space). The cell membrane is a lipid bilayer composed of two layers of phospholipids with cholesterols (a lipid component) interspersed between them, which maintains adequate membrane fluidity at different temperatures.
Membranes also contain membrane proteins, which include integral proteins that span the membrane and act as membrane transporters, as well as peripheral proteins that attach loosely to the cell membrane's outer (peripheral) side and act as enzymes to facilitate interaction with the cell's environment.
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Full Question: Which type of molecule forms the cell membrane?
A) protein
B) phospholipid
C) nucleic acid
D) carbohydrate
________% of your cells contain mom and dad’s DNA.
Answers
Answer:
51% from their mother and 49% from their father.
What does the theory of evolution tell us about living things?
The environment can make them rapidly change over a short period of time.
They create fossils when they die.
Their environment makes them slowly change over time.
They can give us clues about extinct species.
Answers
Answer:
the enviorment changes overtime
Explanation:
Identify the phenotype of the offspring represented by the question mark in Figure 11-4:
Answers
Answer:
The guinea pig's phenotype (physical appearance) will be rough white hair
What are new stars that are found in the spiral arms and formed from recycled dead star material known as?
population II stars
red dwarf stars
population I stars
brown dwarf stars
Answers
Answer:
population I stars.
Explanation:
A star is a giant astronomical or celestial object that is comprised of a luminous sphere of plasma, binded together by its own gravitational force.
It is typically made up of two (2) main hot gas, Hydrogen (H) and Helium (He).
The luminosity of a star can be defined as the total amount of light radiated by the star per second and it is measured in watts (w). Also, the apparent brightness of a star is a measure of the rate at which radiated energy from a star reaches an observer on Earth per square meter per second. The apparent brightness of a star is typically measured in watts per square meter.
Some of the examples of stars are; Canopus, Sun (closest to the Earth), Betelgeus, Antares, Vega etc.
New stars that are found in the spiral arms and formed from recycled dead star material are known as population I stars. Also, it comprises of association and clusters formed a million or billion years ago in the spiral arms of Milky Way galaxy.
A galaxy can be defined as a collection or group of many billions of stars and other planetary body which are existing independently.
Answer: population l stars
Explanation:
This table shows DNA sequence comparisons for some hypothetical species. Based on the data, describe evolutionary relationships between Species A and the other four species. Explain your answer.
Answers
Answer:
A is most closely related to Species E
Explanation:
In the theory and principle of evolution, species A is related to all of these other species. However, based on the variation several thousand or hundred thousand years ago, Species B branched off and became it's own species. Later, species D branched off as well. Species C was later to branch off, but still eventually branched off from species E and A. Species E is the closest in DNA similarity to species A, so therefore they share a relatively recent common ancestor and are probably in the same family or genus.
The evolutionary relationship of species A with other species is given as, Species A < Species E < Species C < Species D < Species B.
Evolution is defined as the change in the heritable species with the successive generation. The changes increase as the evolution process.
Which species is more similar to species A?Species A is the origin species. It consists of the changes in the traits that individual results in the decrease in the similarity among the individual species.
The species with the close successive generation has more similarity in the DNA with compared to the evolution species.
The maximum similarity of species A DNA is found with species E DNA. Thus, species E is evolved from species A.
The sequence of evolution from species A is given as:
Species A, Species E, Species C, Species D, and Species B.
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Why does DNA determine a trait?
Answers
Answer:
Traits are determined by genes, and also they are determined by the interaction with the environment with genes. And remember that genes are the messages in our DNA that define individual characteristics. So the trait is the manifestation of the product of a gene that is coded for by the DNA.
Explanation:
which small cavity is used as a passageway for air and food
Answers
Answer:
Pharynx
Explanation:
The throat, or pharynx, its bassically a tube that is muscilar, and is a passageway for like, food, liquids and air!
All of the following macromolecules are polymers EXCEPT
A lipids. C nucleic acids.
B proteins. D carbohydrates.
Answers
Answer:
A. Lipids
they are monomers
Answer:
a
Explanation:
all of them is about the molecules except lipids
Describe functions of the stomach
Where are most nutrients absorbed
What role do villi play in absorption
How do bacteria in the large intestine help keep us healthy
Describe two diseases of the digestive system
Answers
Explanation:
A. Small intestine
B. Digestion
C. Because of the fluid present in our stomach.
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A yeast cell that forms a bud is called the "mother cell." Why is there no mother cell after a paramecium divides?
Answers
There is no mother cell after a paramecium divides because it is divided by binary fission and the paramecium is divided into two identical cells, called daughter cells, there is no mother cell left.
What is paramecium?Paramecium is a protist. It is oval-shaped with cilia all over the body, and it is minute and can be seen only under a microscope. It engulfs its food through the body cavity, which is its mouth.
Binary fission means when the cell is divided into two daughter cells. The division is asexual reproduction. The cell divided DNA into two copies and then each cell gets the DNA.
Thus, there is no mother cell after a paramecium divides since binary fission is used and the paramecium is split into two identical cells, known as daughter cells.
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Hey sorry It's Chloe again I ask a lot of questions I'm sorry, But I need facts and topics on birds for a report
Thank you :)
Answers
Answer:
Ravens are great at mimicking human speech and sounds. ...
Ostriches have the largest eyes of any land animal. ...
Cardinals like to cover themselves in ants. ...
Owls devour their prey whole. ...
Some ducks sleep with one eye open. ...
Kiwis are sometimes called "honorary mammals." ...
Most hummingbirds weigh less than a nickel.
Explanation:
Answer:
Facts
Birds have feathers, wings,lay eggs nd are warm blooded
There around 10000 different species of birds worldwide
The Ostrich is the largest Bird in the world
Scientists believe that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs
Birds have hollow bones which help them fly
The Smallest bird egg belongs to the hummingbird and is the size of a pea
Around 20% of bird species migrate long distances every year
Hummingbirds can fly backwards
Topics:
Feathers
wings
beak
Explanation:
i hope this helps