the primary goal of financial accounting is to provide information to?

Answers

Answer 1

The main purpose of financial accounting is to prepare financial reports that provide information about the company's performance to external parties such as investors, creditors and tax authorities.

Financial accounting is the process of recording, measuring, recording and ultimately reporting an organization's income, accounts receivable, and expenses in financial statements. This process is intended to accurately reflect business operations. We help businesses comply with legal, tax and regulatory requirements. Providing financial accounts to business owners. Enables detailed financial analysis. Promote efficient resource allocation. The main purpose of financial accounting is to enable third parties to assess the value of a company.

In financial accounting, companies have two basic methods for constructing their company's accounting policies. Publicly traded companies are required to use accrual accounting, which is standardized under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).

Under the accrual basis, revenue is recognized when incurred rather than when received, and expenses are recognized when incurred rather than when paid. Many private companies also use his GAAP, but they are not required to. Private companies also have the opportunity to use cash accounting.

In practice, the main goal of financial accounting is to accurately prepare the financial accounts of an organization for a specific period of time, also called annual financial statements. There are three financial statements: income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement. 

Know more about financial accounting here:

https://brainly.com/question/16550059

#SPJ4

The complete question is:

What is the primary goal of financial accounting?


Related Questions

Define careere pleaseeeeeeeeee​

Answers

Answer:

a profession or occupation chosen by one's life work.

Having or following a career as specific career diplomat.

Explanation:

Hope this helps.. ;)

FYI I did research and I didn't copied and pasted..

Answer: an occupation undertaken for a significant period of a person's life and with opportunities for progress.

Like a police officer, fire fighter, cashier, fast food worker, teacher, principle, Etc....

Hope this helps... Stay safe and have a great Thanksgiving!!! :D

A Venture Capital Analyst gives money to new companies, so they can have
ownership of that company.

True or false

Answers

Answer:

False

Explanation:

Venture partners only tend to be compensated via carry interest, which is a percentage of the returns that funds make once they cash out of investment opportunities. Thus, they help no ownership whatsoever.

your client owns $7,000 of stock a with a beta of 1.8 and $5,000 of stock b with a beta of 1.1. if the market rises by 22%, this portfolio would be expected to rise by approximately what percentage?

Answers

If the market rises by 22%, this portfolio would be expected to rise by approximately 33.1833%.

The portfolio would rise by =(7000*1.8+5000*1.1)/(7000+5000)*22%

=33.1833%.

A portfolio is a group of investments in the financial world. Any mix of financial assets, including stocks, bonds, and cash, is referred to as a "portfolio." Individual individuals may hold portfolios, or financial professionals, hedge funds, banks, and other financial organisations may manage them. A portfolio should be created taking the investor's risk appetite, time horizon, and investment goals into consideration. This is a widely acknowledged idea. The risk/reward ratio of the portfolio may be impacted by the monetary value of each item.

To learn more about portfolio, here

https://brainly.com/question/28389243

#SPJ4

4 divided by the sum of 4 and a number can be written into algebraic expression as: 44+�4+x4​

Answers

The question states that 4 divided by the sum of 4 and a number can be written into an algebraic expression as 44+4/(x+4).

To solve the problem, we can use the following algebraic expression:

4/(x + 4) = 4/(x + 4)

This means that we have to cross-multiply and simplify the given expression.

Therefore,

4(x + 4) = 4(4)

=> 4x + 16 = 16

=> 4x = 0

=> x = 0.

Hence, the value of x is zero (0).

Therefore,

we can verify our answer by putting the value of x in the given expression.

4/(x + 4) = 4/(0 + 4) = 1.

Hence, the answer is correct.

In conclusion, the algebraic expression for 4 divided by the sum of 4 and a number is 44+4/(x+4), and the value of x in this expression is zero.

To know more about value

https://brainly.com/question/25528419

#SPJ11

Has two products. financial data for both the products​ follow: le cadre la bougie units sold ​2,200 units 600 units sales price per unit ​$500 ​$1,200 variable manufacturing cost per unit 320 750 sales commission​ (% of​ sales) ​7% ​4% verge has two sales representativeslong dash rosemary wilson and maria blanco. each representative sold a total of​ 1,400 units during the month of march. rosemary had a sales mix of​ 60% le cadre and​ 40% la bougie. maria had a sales mix of​ 80% le cadre and​ 20% la bougie. based on the above​ information, calculate​ rosemary's total contribution to company profits.

Answers

Answer:$346,920

Explanation:

                            Le Cadre          La Bougie

Units sold               2200                  600

Unit price                  500                 1200

Sale revenue        1,100,000          720,000

variable cost           320                    750

sales Commission     7%                     4%

Rosemary sales       840                     560

Maria                         1120                    280

Rosemary sales =(840*500) + (560*1200)

                        420,000 +672,000=                         1,092,000

Cost of goods sold =(320*840) + (750*560)

                                 268,800+420,000                     (688,800)

Sales commission (7%*420000)+(4%*672,000)

                                 29,400+26,888                             (56,280)

   Profit                                                                          346,920

We have this project in my business class, we have to come up with a store/business. I choose a candy store but I can’t think of any fine names. Can someone help me come with a name please?

Answers

Answer:

Candy Crush

Explanation:

Its catchy

Answer:

The Sweete Shoppe

The Lolly Pop

50 Shades of Candy

Explanation:

Thanks to our group's ________________, we were able to accomplish all our goals. a. detail-oriented structure b. reaction-oriented structure c. group-oriented structure d. action-oriented structure

Answers

Answer:

it's D ( action-oriented structure)

Explanation:

Answer:

d. action-oriented structure

Explanation:

View the Amortization Table and use it to answer each question. According to the chart, Demarco and Tanya will pay a total of in interest over the life of their loan. This means their total cost, including the purchase price, is approximately . This amount is than what they would pay in total using the fixed-rate mortgage.

Answers

Answer:According to the chart, Demarco and Tanya will pay a total of

✔ $195,104

in interest over the life of their loan.

This means their total cost, including the purchase price, is approximately

✔ $365,104

.

This amount is

✔ higher

than what they would pay in total using the fixed-rate mortgage.

Explanation:

MAKE THIS THE BRAINLY

Answer:

According to the chart, Demarco and Tanya will pay a total of

✔ $195,104

in interest over the life of their loan.

This means their total cost, including the purchase price, is approximately

✔ $365,104

This amount is

✔ higher

than what they would pay in total using the fixed-rate mortgage.

Explanation:

I took this and these were the correct answers. :)

Omni Healthcare's analgesic drug Cetaprin has a 40% share in the analgesics market in the country of Terrania. Its closest competitor, Febex, has a 25% share in the market, while four other analgesic brands split the remainder. Which statement indicates that Cetaprin is a cash cow according to the BCG matrix

Answers

Answer:

C) The demand for analgesic drugs in the Terranian market is expected to remain stable.

Explanation:

The options were missing:

A) Omni Healthcare often takes money from other strategic business units to support Cetaprin. B) A customer survey shows that Cetaprin users do not prefer it to other analgesics in the market. C) The demand for analgesic drugs in the Terranian market is expected to remain stable. D) Febex is rapidly gaining market share over Cetaprin due to aggressive marketing efforts. E) The Terranian market for healthcare products is expanding rapidly.

A cash cow is a mature product that is sold in a slow growth market, but holds a significant market share, and generate large and constant cash inflows to the company.

suppose french government imposes a quota on international trade of cars. it means it will:group of answer choicesprohibit import of cars altogether;prohibit export of cars altogetherrestrict the quantity of cars france may export;restrict the quantity of cars france may import;

Answers

The French government's imposition of a quota on the international trade of cars would restrict the number of cars France may import. This means that there would be a limit on the number of cars that can be imported into the country from foreign markets.

A quota is a trade restriction imposed by a government to limit the quantity of goods that can be imported or exported. In this case, the French government is implementing a quota specifically on the import of cars. By setting a restriction on the number of cars that can be imported, the government aims to control and limit the inflow of foreign cars into the domestic market. This measure can serve various purposes, such as protecting domestic car manufacturers, promoting local industries, or managing trade imbalances. By limiting the number of imported cars, the government can influence the supply and demand dynamics in the domestic market, potentially supporting domestic car producers and ensuring the stability of the local automotive industry.

It's important to note that a quota specifically targets imports and does not necessarily restrict the export of cars from France. The focus is on controlling the inflow of foreign cars into the country while allowing domestic manufacturers to compete in the market.

learn more about international trade here:

https://brainly.com/question/15823129

#SPJ11

in a uniform electric field ,the magnitude of the force on a charge of 0.2 coulomb is 10 Newton. Calculate the field intensity​

Answers

Answer:

Field intensity​ (E) = 50 newton / coulomb

Explanation:

Given:

Force apply (f) = 10 Newton

Electric charge (q) = 0.2 Coulomb

Find:

Field intensity​ (E)

Computation:

Field intensity​ (E) = Force apply (f) / Electric charge (q)

Field intensity​ (E) = 10 / 0.2

Field intensity​ (E) = 50 newton / coulomb

how much can you expect to pay for a dui ten years after it happens?

Answers

Fines and penalties on average cost about $4,000.

And of course, your insurance rates will skyrocket. Over the course of ten years, you could be paying an extra $20,000 to $30,000 for car insurance. Over a ten-year period, these expenses could add up to over $40,000.

Driving under the influence (DUI)—also known as driving while impaired, impaired driving, driving while intoxicated (DWI), operating while intoxicated (OWI), operating under the influence (OUI), operating [a] vehicle under the influence (OVI).

To know more about Driving under the influence (DUI), visit;

brainly.com/question/29771200
#SPJ4

Discuss any five items of government expenditure in Nigeria

Answers

Answer:

Government expenditure items, whether recurrent or capital, are usually classified into four major groups, namely: administration, economic services, social and community services and transfers.

You will receive $500 tomorrow. You will receive an additional nine cash flows growing at the rate of inflation of 2 percent per year. The nominal interest rate is 10 percent. a. Find the value of the stream of cash flows. Make sure to show your work. b. What is the real value of each cash flow received? Make sure to show your work. c. Find the value of the stream of cash flows, based on real values. Make sure to show your work. d. What do you observe? Explain.

Answers

Answer:

please find the solution which is defined as follows:

Explanation:

please find the table in the attached file:

In point A, The Cashflow value = 5474.86 (premised on the description of cash flows). In point B, the above table the PV of cash flow represents the real cost of its earned cash flow. In point C, its actual value of the cash flow source is 3643.921. In point D, The observation would be that the value of money year after year is depleting and is worth far more as inflation is weak.
You will receive $500 tomorrow. You will receive an additional nine cash flows growing at the rate of

The british government has a consol bond outstanding paying per year forever. assume the current interest rate is per year. a. what is the value of the bond immediately after a payment is made?

Answers

As per the given data, the value of bond that has been found before and after payments made is as follow:

a) Value of Bond = 100/4%  2.500.00

b) Value of Bond = 100+100/4%  2,500.00

Hence, there is a huge difference in the value of bonds.

What is a bond?

In order to get a particular exchange, it is necessary to make some kind of investment. It can be done either by the individual or by a form normally called a bond.

A bond is that which has been issued by a company so that investors can borrow money. In exchange for this, they can get the security of their investments.

They can loan the money to a company or a government. This landed money is not for the whole lifetime; it is for a particular period of time, and in exchange for this, they receive a particular or fixed regular interest payment.

When the British government issued a console bond that has an outstanding payment of $100 and also assumes that the current interest rate is 4%, the value of the bond which is after making the payment and before making the payment is 2.500.00 and 2,500.00

Thus,  there is a huge difference in the value of bonds.

Learn more about bond  from here:

https://brainly.com/question/14311252

#SPJ4

The complete question has been attached in text form:

The British government has a consol bond outstanding paying £100 per year forever.

Assume the current interest rate is 4% per year.

a. What is the value of the bond immediately after a payment is made?

b. What is the value of the bond immediately before a payment is made?

what are some basic marketing strategies

Answers

Claim Your Business Online.  

think positively.ALWAYS THINK POSITVE!!!

promote it n social media.

be loud to people to everybody be aware of your buisness.

Advertise Online.  

HOPE this helps

take care have a good day

The process by which managers at all levels in the firm gain information about the performance of tasks within the firm and judge that performance against pre-established criteria is:

Answers

Answer:

Performance management

Explanation:

Performance management system is a system put in place in an organization to evaluate the performance of employees. It aligns the company's overall goals to available resources and work out performance towards realization of the goals and also develop employees' skills towards achieving the goals and then constant evaluation of performance .

As managers require adequate relevant information about performance of tasks within the system in order to evaluate performance against the set criteria , an effective performance management  makes it possible for him to access

Featured in tuesday’s episode, a british travel company looking for the ‘saddest day of the year’ coined what two word phrase?

Answers

The third Monday in January, or "Blue Monday" (January 17 in 2022), is known as the most melancholy day of the year.

Why is it referred to as Blue Monday?Blue Monday is the term given to a day in January (usually the third Monday of the month) that a UK travel agency, Sky Travel, claims to be the most miserable day of the year. The idea was first released in a firm press release from 2005 that claimed to have determined the date using a "equation."The third Monday in January, or "Blue Monday" (January 17 in 2022), is known as the most melancholy day of the year.It's meant to explain the worsening weather in January, the protracted wait until paycheck made more difficult by holiday debt, broken New Year's resolutions, and the waning excitement of Christmas.        

To learn more about melancholy day refer to:

https://brainly.com/question/30389714

#SPJ4

Explain the hipp of the primary sources below source: letter written by john rolfe

Answers

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Explain the HIPP of the primary sources below source: "letter written by John Rolfe."

"H" stands for Historical context. John Rolf was an important component in the foundation and success of the Jamestown, Virginia colony, in the North American territory. In the letter, he explains the Governor of the colony, Thomas Dale, his reasons to marry Pocahontas, a Native American Indian woman.

"I" stands for the Intended audience. The Governor of Jamestown, Virginia colony, Thomas Dale. The intention of John Rolfe was to clearly explain his motives, trying to maintain his intact reputation before the people of Jamestown.

"P" stands for Purpose. Rolfe wanted the approval of the Governor, knowing that in those years, Native American Indians were considered savages that first needed to be converted to the Christian religion to be accepted in the colonial society.

"P" stands for Point of view. In this part, we have to understand the point the author is trying to convey. In this case, John Rolfe, an English man, and an important figure that brought the toc¿bacco seed from the Caribbean Islands to grow tobacco crops in Jamestown and made tobacco the king of crops in Virginia wanted to justify his actions but not wanted to compromise his position before the Jamestown society.

Which root of insurgency discusses how foreign businesses can dominate critical portions?

Answers

Answer: Occupation or exploitation

Explanation:

The root of insurgency that discusses how foreign businesses can dominate critical portions is referred to as occupation or exploitation.

Foreign business should exploit the local market and take advantage of economies of scale in order to break into such market. One way to exploit I by studying the local market very well and understanding what it entails and what it needs ti further develop which they can use to their advantage.

you work 6 hours a day and make $40,000 a year. your colleague works 8 hours a day and makes $40,000 a year. what is the most likely result?

Answers

The most likely result is You will have cognitive dissonance to justify your salary by assuming your work is harder than your colleagues.

What is cognitive dissonance?

Cognitive dissonance is the impression of contradictory information and the mental strain that results from it, according to psychology. Actions, emotions, thoughts, beliefs, values, and environmental factors are all examples of pertinent pieces of information. When people take a step that contradicts one or more of those, cognitive dissonance commonly manifests as psychological discomfort. This hypothesis states that when two acts or concepts are not psychologically consistent with one another, people will try all in their power to change them until they are. When a person's beliefs conflict with newly discovered facts, discomfort results, and the person seeks to find a method to make sense of the conflict in order to feel better.

To learn more about cognitive dissonance, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/11732168

#SPJ4

companies use blogs for all of the following reasons except

Answers

Companies use blogs for all of the following reasons except for Option B. conducting job interviews.

This is because job interviews are usually conducted through in-person meetings, video conferencing, or phone calls. A blog is a website that is regularly updated with new content, such as articles, videos, and images. Blogs are typically maintained by individuals or organizations to express their opinions, share knowledge, and promote their products or services. Blogs can be personal, professional, or commercial in nature, depending on the purpose for which they are created.  

Companies use blogs for a variety of reasons, including the following:

Communicating Internally with Employees: Blogs are often used by companies to communicate with their employees about important updates, company news, and events.

Recruiting: Blogs are used by companies to attract potential candidates for job vacancies and to share information about the company culture and values.

Researching Target Markets and Products: Blogs are used by companies to research their target markets and products, as they can provide insights into what consumers are looking for and what their preferences are. They can also be used to conduct surveys and collect feedback from readers.

Sharing Knowledge and Expertise: Companies use blogs to share their knowledge and expertise with their target audience, which can help to establish their credibility and authority in their industry. This can lead to increased brand recognition and customer loyalty.

In conclusion, companies use blogs for various reasons, including internal communication, recruiting, researching target markets and products, and sharing knowledge and expertise. However, they do not use blogs for conducting job interviews. Therefore, the correct option is B.

The question was incomplete, Find the full content below:

Companies use blogs for all of the following reasons except

A)communicating internally with employees.

B)conducting job interviews.

C)recruiting.

D)researching target markets and products.

Know more about Blogs here:

https://brainly.com/question/32941466

#SPJ8

MacDonald Products, Inc., of Clarkson, New York, has the option of (a) proceeding immediately with production of a new top-oft the-line stereo TV that has just completed prototype iesting or (b) havin

Answers

The expected monetary value (EMV) of option a is higher than that of option b.

To determine the option that has the highest expected monetary value (EMV), we need to calculate the expected return for each option and compare them.

Option a:

Expected sales = (0.6 * 100,000 * $550) + (0.4 * 75,000 * $550) = $61,250,000

Option b:

Expected sales = (0.7 * 75,000 * $750) + (0.3 * 70,000 * $750) = $44,625,000

Cost of value analysis = $100,000

Total expected return for option b = $44,625,000 - $100,000 = $44,525,000

Therefore, the expected monetary value (EMV) of option a is higher than that of option b. Thus, MacDonald Products, Inc. should proceed with option a, i.e., immediately proceeding with production of the new top-of-the-line stereo TV without doing the value analysis study.

Learn more about monetary value  here:

https://brainly.com/question/14510657

#SPJ11

MacDonald Products, Inc., of Clarkson, New York, has the option of ( a) proceeding immediately with production of a new top- of- the- line stereo TV that has just completed prototype testing or ( b) having the value analysis team complete a study. If Ed Lusk, VP for operations, proceeds with the existing prototype (option a), the firm can expect sales to be 100,000 units at $ 550 each, with a probability of .6, and a .4 probability of 75,000 at $ 550. If, however, he uses the value analysis team (option b), the firm expects sales of 75,000 units at $ 750, with a probability of .7, and a .3 probability of 70,000 units at $ 750. Value analysis, at a cost of $ 100,000, is only used in option b. Which option has the highest expected monetary value (EMV)?

our self-talk consists of words pictures and emotions. as we imprint our affirmations we

Answers

Self-talk is your inner voice or the way you speak to yourself. Although you almost probably are doing it without realizing it, you almost certainly are. In order to produce an internal monologue throughout the day, this inner voice mixes conscious thoughts with ingrained beliefs and biases.

What are the four categories of self-talk?

Your inner discourse is known as self-talk.

Personalizing. You own all of the guilt for yourself.

Magnifying.

Catastrophizing.

Polarizing.

What are the five tiers of one's own self-talk?

Helm Stetter outlines the "Five Levels of Self-Talk" (Negative Acceptance, Recognition and Need to Change, Decision to Change, The Better You, and Universal Affirmation) and offers advice on how to navigate each level for significant life changes.

To Know more about monologue

https://brainly.com/question/28265367

#SPJ1

Which college is better for oncology of the following?
- The University of Toledo Health Science Campus
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

Answers

Answer:

B hope this helps :)

Answer:

B good luck good sir or madam

Based on the data one student concludes that a new predator was introduced into the are during this time period. what is a likely alternate explanation for the change in the mullet population?

Answers

A likely alternate explanation for the change in the mullet population could be a change in environmental conditions or availability of food resources.

Changes in the environment can have a significant impact on the population of a species. For example, if there was a change in water temperature, salinity, or pollution levels in the area, it could affect the mullet population directly or indirectly through changes in their food sources or habitats. Additionally, fluctuations in the availability of food resources, such as changes in the abundance of plankton or other organisms that mullets feed on, can also influence their population dynamics.

It's important to consider multiple factors and gather additional evidence before drawing conclusions about the introduction of a new predator.

Therefore, an alternate explanation for the change in the mullet population could be changes in environmental conditions or availability of food resources.

You can learn more about mullet population at

https://brainly.com/question/14017087

#SPJ11

Which of the following best defines money?
Just a multiple choice finance question for school.
Choose 1 answer:

A
Cash held in bank vaults

B
Currency that has intrinsic value, such as gold coins

C
Paper currency or coins

D
Any asset that is accepted as a way of paying for something

E
Paper currency or coins that are backed in value by gold

Answers

Answer:

B and C, D

Explanation:

Which phrase best completes the diagram?
Benefits of Trade Barriers
Ensure self-reliance
Keep workers employed
?
A. Prevent retaliatory trade barriers
B. Promote domestic industries
O C. Increase economic efficiency
O D. Increase consumer choice

Answers

Answer: B

Explanation: just got it right on the quiz!!!

According to research, what kind of job interview is most successful at predicting a candidate’s later successful job performance?.

Answers

According to research, "behavior description questionnaires" are the best type of interview questions for predicting future job performance.

Define the term job performance?

The interview is perhaps the most common method of collecting data needed to make employment decisions.

The majority of managers would never consider hiring someone without conducting an interview.It is crucial to choose the ideal candidate for the job, someone who is highly driven and has the abilities necessary to produce high-caliber performance.

The following steps are highly advised to improve job selection by:

Ensure job-relatedness by doing an extensive job analysis.Show how the selection criteria were applied, how they relate to the position, and how 1 candidate possesses the criteria more so than another.Choose and prepare interviewers with care.Keep asking the same question to all applicants in a job-related manner.

To know more about the job interview, here

https://brainly.com/question/20343593

#SPJ4

Personal selling used to be more common.

True
False

Answers

The answer is true as in true
Answer : true personal selling used to be more common


Other Questions
You must evaluate a proposal to buy a new milling machine. Thepurchase price of the milling machine, including shipping andinstallation costs, is $175,000, and the equipment will be fullydepreciate 3AWhat is the area! Round to thenearest tenth, use x.HINT: 2.0410862-10-8-6-22- 2 4 6 8 10-8-10 How would you desrcibe the apartment and area in which xuemeis uncle and aunt live? TRUE / FALSE. choose five possible authorities, mentioned in this class, that individuals might appeal to in order to get their point across. Kathy had $10 and gave half of it to her brother. She then gave a third of the remainingamount to a friend. How much money will Kathy have left? 1. Assume that you are a manager or supervisor with a newemployee. Explain to the employee in writing how to carry out somesimple opertions. Choose an appropriate page layout and design.2. any local College 63 of the male students are smokers in 147 or non-smokers the female students 70 or smokers and 130 are non-smokers a male student and a female student from the college are randomly selected for a survey what is the probability that both are smokers What is the plot of what's up doc? Use braces to write the members of the set, or state that the set has no members.The integers from 6 to 10 (inclusive)A.{7, 8, 9}B.{6, 7, 8, 9}{6, 7, 8, 9}{6, 7, 8, 9}{6, 7, 8, 9}C.{7, 8, 9, 10}D.{6, 7, 8, 9, 10} what is the area of rectangular region r ? each diagonal of r has length 5. the perimeter of r is 14. The Home editions of Windows 7 do not include the Local Security Policy or Print Management.Select one:TrueFalse an adolescent is brought to the ed after a vehicular accident and is pronounced dead on arrival (doa). when the parents arrive at the hospital, what is the priority action by the nurse? the gaza strip is a section of israel controlled by palestine. is this statement true or false? use the circuit above. write a brief paragraph explaining what each component of the circuit is doing One side of a parallelogram has endpoints (3, 3) and (1,7)What are the endpoints for the side opposite? Mr.Marcus is splitting up a huge new pack of colored pencils equally among his 25 students. after splitting up the epincles he has 4 left if there were 429 clored pincles to being with how many did each student receive how much work must you do to push a 11.0 kgkg block of steel across a steel table ( kk = 0.60) at a steady speed of 1.10 m/sm/s for 6.70 ss ? The decimal gridshown below is shadedand marked with Xs to model an expression One modern town that was originally built to serve the railroads was Cheyenne. San Francisco. New York. Omaha. Congressional standing committees are _____. permanent committees found in both Houses of Congress addressing such topics as the environment, agriculture, and the judiciary all of these