Time
(min)
Rate of
Diffusion for
1 Crystal
(mm/hr)
Rate of
Diffusion for
3 Crystals
(mm/hr)
Rate of
Diffusion for
6 Crystals
(mm/hr)
0-10
I
0-20
0-30
Rate (mm/h] = (diameter [mm] / time [min]) x 60 [min]
How to Measure
Answers
Here's how you can measure the rate of diffusion:
Prepare the container
Start the stopwatch
Measure the diameter
Record the time
Calculate the rate of diffusion
Calculate the rates
A stopwatch, a ruler or calliper to measure the diameter of the crystals, and a container with a known volume of a liquid medium suited for diffusion (such as water or a specific solution) are required to measure the rate of diffusion for crystals.
The rate of diffusion can be calculated as follows:
Prepare the container as follows: Fill the container halfway with the liquid medium, making sure the crystals are completely submerged.
Set the stopwatch to: As soon as you set the crystals in the container, start the timer.
Take the following measurements: Measure the diameter of one crystal with a ruler or calliper. Ensure precise measurement.
Keep track of the time: Stop the stopwatch and record after a given time interval (e.g., 10 minutes).the elapsed time.
Calculate the rate of diffusion: Use the formula Rate (mm/h) = (diameter (mm) / time (min)) x 60 (min) to calculate the rate of diffusion for one crystal.
Repeat the process: Repeat steps 2-5 for three crystals and six crystals, using the same time interval for each measurement.
Calculate the rates: Apply the formula to each measurement to determine the rate of diffusion for three and six crystals.
By following these steps and performing the necessary calculations, you can measure the rate of diffusion for the crystals in terms of millimeters per hour.
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Related Questions
What are the half-reactions for a galvanic cell with Zn and Ni electrodes?
A. Zn2+(aq) + 2e → Zn(s) and Ni2+(aq) + 2e → Ni(s)
B. Zn2+(aq) + 2e → Zn(s) and Ni(s) + Ni2+(aq) + 2e
C. Zn(s) → Zn2+(aq) + 2e and Ni(s) → Ni2+(aq) + 2e
O D. Zn(s) → Zn2+(aq) + 2e and Ni2+(aq) + 2e → Ni(s)
Answers
The half-reactions for a galvanic cell with Zn and Ni electrodes are,
Zn(s) → Zn2+(aq) + 2e- (oxidation half-reaction) and Ni2+(aq) + 2e- → Ni(s) (reduction half-reaction)
The correct option is option D. Zn(s) → Zn2+(aq) + 2e and Ni2+(aq) + 2e → Ni(s).
A galvanic cell is an electrochemical cell that uses a spontaneous redox reaction to generate electrical energy. It includes two half-cells that are connected by a salt bridge or porous disk. The electrodes in each half-cell are separated by an electrolyte. A galvanic cell operates because the anode electrode's metal atoms oxidize to form cations, which then move into the electrolyte. At the same time, the cathode electrode's metal cations absorb electrons from the electrode, reducing them to metallic atoms.Learn more about the galvanic cell:
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BECAUSE i can't answer it
Answers
The concentration of urea in weight-percent 6.50%, in mole fraction is 0.0206 and in the concentration of urea in the solution in molarity is 1.12 M.
What is the concentration of Urea?a) To express the concentration of urea in weight-percent:
First, we need to calculate the total mass of the solution:
Total mass = mass of solute + mass of solvent = 66.0 g + 950 g = 1016.0 g
Then, we can calculate the weight-percent concentration of urea:
Weight-percent = (mass of solute/total mass) x 100%
Weight-percent = (66.0 g/1016.0 g) x 100%
Weight-percent = 6.50%
Therefore, the concentration of urea in the solution in weight-percent is 6.50%.
b) To express the concentration of urea in mole fraction:
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of urea:
Number of moles = mass of solute/molar mass of urea
Molar mass of urea = 2(14.01 g/mol) + 1(12.01 g/mol) + 1(16.00 g/mol) = 60.06 g/mol
Number of moles = 66.0 g/60.06 g/mol = 1.099 mol
Then, we can calculate the mole fraction of urea:
Mole fraction = moles of solute/(moles of solute + moles of solvent)
Moles of solvent = mass of solvent/molar mass of water = 950 g/18.02 g/mol = 52.71 mol
Mole fraction = 1.099/(1.099 + 52.71) = 0.0206
Therefore, the concentration of urea in the solution in mole fraction is 0.0206.
c) To express the concentration of urea in molarity:
Molarity = moles of solute/volume of solution in liters
Volume of solution = mass of solute + mass of solvent/density of solution = (66.0 g + 950 g)/1.018 g/mL = 978.4 mL = 0.9784 L
Molarity = 1.099 mol/0.9784 L = 1.12 M
Therefore, the concentration of urea in the solution in molarity is 1.12 M.
Exercise:
To compare the concentrations of 0.50 M NaCl and 0.25 M SrCl2 in µg/mL, we need to calculate the number of micrograms of each salt per milliliter of solution:
For 0.50 M NaCl:
Molar mass of NaCl = 22.99 g/mol + 35.45 g/mol = 58.44 g/mol
Concentration in µg/mL = 0.50 mol/L x 58.44 g/mol x 1000 µg/mg = 29,220 µg/mL
For 0.25 M SrCl2:
Molar mass of SrCl2 = 87.62 g/mol + 2(35.45 g/mol) = 198.52 g/mol
Concentration in µg/mL = 0.25 mol/L x 198.52 g/mol x 1000 µg/mg = 49,630 µg/mL
Therefore, the concentration of 0.25 M SrCl2 is larger than the concentration of 0.50 M NaCl when expressed in µg/mL.
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after successfully isolating solid copper in part b of this experiment, bernice is wondering if there are other acids that could be used in place of the acids available in part b of this experiment. which of the following acids could be used instead of the provided acids (h2so4 and h3po4) to isolate solid copper in part b of this experiment? select all that apply
o. HBr
o. HNO3
o. H2S
o. H2CO3
Answers
HNO3 and HBr can also be used instead of the provided acids (h2so4 and h3po4) to isolate solid copper in this experiment. Solid copper can be isolated by reacting it with acid. This is achieved in two stages: stage one, where copper reacts with sulfuric acid to produce copper sulfate and hydrogen gas, and stage two, where copper sulfate is reduced to copper using hydrogen gas.
Therefore, in part b of the experiment, H2SO4 and H3PO4 are used. HNO3 and HBr can also be used instead of H2SO4 and H3PO4 to isolate solid copper. H2S and H2CO3 cannot be used as the acids to isolate solid copper. 'Hence, the correct options are : HNO3 and HBr Therefore, both HBr and HNO3 could be used in place of the acids (H2SO4 and H3PO4) to isolate solid copper in part b of this experiment.
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Which statement best describes how hou measure density
Answers
Answer:
density=mass/volume
Explanation:
density is defined as mass per unit volume.
HELP PLEASE!!!
How are both stability and change seen in properties of elements?
Answers
Answer:
In both natural and built systems, stability and change are an important focus of study for both scientists and engineers. Stability refers to a system that is unchanging. ... A dynamic equilibrium exists when chemical reactions or physical movements occur at rates that balance out, creating no net change in a system.
Answer:
In both natural and built systems, stability and change are an important focus of study for both scientists and engineers. Stability refers to a system that is unchanging. ... A dynamic equilibrium exists when chemical reactions or physical movements occur at rates that balance out, creating no net change in a system.
Explanation:
An equimolar mixture of two optical isomers is called a ________. An equimolar mixture of two optical isomers is called a ________. enantiomer achiral diastereomer structural isomer racemic mixture
Answers
Two optical isomers can form:
An equimolar mixture of two optical isomers is called a racemic mixture.
What is a Racemic mixture?
An equimolar mixture of two enantiomers that is optically inactive is known as a racemic mixture (or racemate) (i.e. does not rotate plane-polarized light).
The racemic mixture can be created by:
Combining enantiomers in equal amounts, or (more frequently) Reactions that create one or more new chiral centers without the influence of chirality (i.e. chiral reagent, catalyst, etc.)The light that is plane-polarized does not spin in an optically inactive mixture.
Since each enantiomer rotates plane-polarized light to an equal and opposite extent, an equimolar mixture of two enantiomers will typically result in a racemic mixture. There won't be any net rotation if they are both present in equal proportions.
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Sandwich that stays fresh for 7 years, other ‘neutraceutical’ wonders
In a laboratory outside Zurich in Switzerland, a food scientist engages in "creative appraisal" of natural food flavors. An example: a real banana having 225 natural flavor components can be duplicated with artificial alternatives using only nine ingredients.
The same company has now in store 20,000 synthetic varieties of flavor, 200 for strawberry alone. Givaudan, the Swiss firm, is the world’s biggest flavorings manufacturer and supplies one in every five artificially flavored foods in the world.
Artificial? "We prefer to call them "nature identical chemicals," says Dr. Heini Menzi, vice president for European research of Givaudan.
These days, emerging groups of professionals in some countries – food scientists they are called – are enmeshed in laboratory work. They are engaged in an awesome venture of working on "industrialized solutions" to maximize manufacturers’ profits and give more nutritional and medical benefits to consumers.
Their sustainable goal is to extend the shelf-life of food items. Manufacturers are enthusiastically pouring so much money to encourage new technologies designed to keep food fresher for a longer time. One of those already attracting interest is a ready-to-eat sandwich that will stay edible after seven years!
The technique is to expose the product to a safe level of radiation using gamma rays. Irradiation kills bacteria, like salmonella and E. coli, and also prevents vegetables from sprouting, hence augmenting an extended fresh-look appearance of the produce. The other is by pulsed electric field technology which subjects fresh foods to bursts of high-voltage electricity.
Directions. Write T if the statement is TRUE and F, if FALSE.
1. Bursts of high-voltage electricity kill bacteria such as E. coli and salmonella.
2. It is possible for food scientists to copy the flavor of natural foods.
3. The shelf-life of food refers to the price of the product indicated on the shelf
4. The other name that scientists give to artificial flavor components is nature identical chemicals.
5. Givaudan has produced 300 synthetic flavors for a real banana.
6. Bacteria like salmonella and E. coli extend the shelf-life of food.
7. Food manufacturers want to extend food freshness to serve consumers and to raise profits.
8. Pulsed electric field technology gives food a fresher look even for a long time.
9. All synthetic flavors are natural.
10. Irradiation exposes a product to an acceptable level of gamma ray radiation.
11. A banana has 200 natural food flavors.
12. A Swiss firm called Givaudan supplies the world with irradiated food.
13. Fresh foods exposed to bursts of high-voltage electricity stay fresh longer14. Food companies spend much for researches that look for ways to make food last longer.
15. Dr. Heinz Menzi is the vice president of Zurich
Answers
The validity of the statements are as follows:
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
6. False
7. True
8. True
9. False
10. True
11. False
12. False
13. True
14. True
15. False
Food scientists are using techniques such as irradiation and pulsed electric field technology to extend the shelf-life of food, while artificial flavors can be created to mimic the taste of natural foods, as done by Givaudan, the world's largest flavorings manufacturer.
Here are the correct responses to the statements:
1. True: Bursts of high-voltage electricity can kill bacteria such as E. coli and salmonella.
2. True: Food scientists can copy the flavor of natural foods using artificial alternatives.
3. False: The shelf-life of food refers to how long the product can be stored before it becomes unfit for consumption, not the price.
4. True: Scientists refer to artificial flavor components as "nature identical chemicals."
5. False: The statement mentions that Givaudan has produced 200 synthetic flavors for strawberry, not 300 flavors for a real banana.
6. False: Bacteria like salmonella and E. coli are harmful and can cause food spoilage, so they do not extend the shelf-life of food.
7. True: Food manufacturers aim to extend food freshness to serve consumers and increase profits.
8. True: Pulsed electric field technology can give food a fresher appearance even for an extended period.
9. False: Synthetic flavors are not inherently natural; they are artificial.
10. True: Irradiation involves exposing a product to an acceptable level of gamma ray radiation.
11. False: A real banana has 225 natural flavor components, not 200.
12. False: The Swiss firm Givaudan is the world's biggest flavorings manufacturer but does not exclusively supply irradiated food.
13. True: Fresh foods exposed to bursts of high-voltage electricity can stay fresh longer.
14. True: Food companies invest significant funds in research to find ways to prolong the shelf-life of food.
15. False: The name of the vice president mentioned is Dr. Heini Menzi, not Dr. Heinz Menzi. The location mentioned is outside Zurich, not specifically in Zurich.
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Lactic acid builds up in muscle during exercise, and contributes to the feeling of sore muscles afterwards. In blood, a normal amount of lactic acid is between 4.3 and 20.6 mg per dL of blood. What is the smaller number in the range in pounds per gallon? What is the larger number in the range in pounds per gallon?
Answers
Answer:
The smaller number in pounds per gallon is 3.59 × 10⁻⁴ pounds/gallon
The larger number in pounds per gallon is 1.72 × 10⁻³ pounds/gallon
Explanation:
For the smaller number in the range in pounds per gallon (pounds/gallon),
The smaller number in the range is 4.3 mg per dL
First, we will convert 4.3 mg to pounds
(NOTE: 1 g = 0.00220462 pound)
Then, for 4.3 mg in pounds
4.3 mg = 4.3 × 10⁻³ g = 0.0043 g
Now, If 1 g = 0.00220462 pound
Then, 0.0043 g =
(0.0043 × 0.00220462) pound = 9.48 × 10⁻⁶ pound
Also, we will convert dL to gallon
(NOTE: 1L = 0.264172 gallon)
Then, 1 dL = 0.0264172 gallon
Hence, 4.3 mg per dL is 9.48 × 10⁻⁶ pound / 0.0264172 gallon
= 3.59 × 10⁻⁴ pounds/gallon
Hence, the smaller number in pounds/gallon is 3.59 × 10⁻⁴ pounds/gallon
Now, for the larger number in the range in pounds per gallon (pounds/gallon),
The larger number in the range is 20.6 mg per dL
First, convert 20.6 mg to pounds
20.6 mg = 20.6 × 10⁻³ g = 0.0206 g
If 1 g = 0.00220462 pound
Then, 0.0206 g =
(0.0206 × 0.00220462) pound = 4.54 × 10⁻⁵ pound
Recall that, 1 dL = 0.0264172 gallon
Then, 20.6 mg per dL is 4.54 × 10⁻⁵ pound / 0.0264172 gallon
= 1.72 × 10⁻³ pounds/gallon
Hence, the larger number in pounds per gallon is 1.72 × 10⁻³ pounds/gallon
the natural organic compound on the left (ethylene and tetrachloroethylene) have been chemically converted into
Answers
The natural organic compounds ethylene and tetrachloroethylene have been chemically converted into different substances through chemical reactions.
Ethylene, a hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C2H4, can undergo various reactions to form a wide range of products, including ethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, and polyethylene. Tetrachloroethylene, also known as perchloroethylene or PCE, is a chlorinated hydrocarbon with the formula \(C_2Cl_4\) and is commonly used as a solvent in dry cleaning processes. It can undergo transformation reactions such as hydrolysis or dechlorination to yield different compounds. Ethylene oxide is an important intermediate chemical used in the production of various products such as plastics, detergents, and antifreeze. Ethylene glycol, derived from ethylene oxide, is a key component in the production of polyester fibers, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics, and automotive antifreeze. Polyethylene, a polymer formed from the polymerization of ethylene monomers, is one of the most widely used plastics in various applications due to its versatility and durability. Tetrachloroethylene, on the other hand, can undergo chemical reactions such as hydrolysis, which breaks down the compound in the presence of water, leading to the formation of products like trichloroethylene or dichloroacetic acid.
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THIS IS URGENT A 1.362 g sample of an iron ore that contained Fe3O4 was dissolved in acid and all of the iron was reduced to Fe2+. The solution was then acidified with H2SO4 and titrated with 39.42 mL of 0.0281 M KMnO4, which oxidized the iron to Fe3+. The net ionic equation for the reaction is 5Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8H+ h 5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O (a) What was the percentage by mass of iron in the ore? (b) What was the percentage by mass of Fe3O4 in the ore?
Answers
The percentage of iron in the sample is obtained as 22.8 %.
What is the percentage by mass of iron in the ore?We can see that the reaction as it has been shown in the question is a redox reaction equation. We need to find the percent of the iron that is contained in the ore as we have in the question.
We have to obtain;
Number of moles of the permanganate = 39.42/1000 L * 0.0281 M
= 1.11 * 10^-3 moles
Then we can see from the reaction that;
If 5 moles of the iron III reacts with 1 mole of the permanganate
x moles of the iron would react with 1.11 * 10^-3 moles of the permanganate
x = 5 * 1.11 * 10^-3 /1
= 5.55 * 10^-3 moles
Mass of the iron = 5.55 * 10^-3 moles * 56 g/mol
= 0.311 g
Given that the percentage of iron = mass of iron present/ mass of iron in the sample = 0.311 g/ 1.362 g * 100/1
= 22.8 %
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a sample of nitrogen gas is contained in a piston with a freely moving cylinder. at 0.0 c, the volume of the gas is 375mL. to what temperature must the gas be heated to occupy a volume if 500mL
Answers
The gas law that defines the relation between volume and temperature is called Charles's law. The gas must be heated to 91 degrees celsius so that volume of 500 mL can be occupied.
What is Charles's law?"Charles's law is the ideal gas law that defines the relationship between the temperature and volume of the gas at the constant pressure." It describes how the gas expands and contracts at higher and lower temperatures.
The formula of Charles's law is given as:
V₁ ÷ T₁ = V₂ ÷ T₂
Given,
Initial temperature (T₁) = 0 degree celsius = 273 K
Initial volume (V₁) = 375 mL
Final temperature = T₂
The final volume (V₂) = 500 mL
Substituting values in Charles's formulas as:
V₁ ÷ T₁ = V₂ ÷ T₂
T₂ = V₂T₂ ÷ V₁
T₂ = (500 mL × 273 K) / 375 mL
T₂ = 364 K
Converting K into degrees celsius as:
0 K − 273.15 = -273.1°C
364 K − 273.15 = 90.85 °C
Therefore, 91 °C is the final temperature of the gas.
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Sophia has entered a buffet line in which he chooses
one kind of meat, two different vegetables and one
dessert. if the order of food items is not important,
how many different meals might she choose?
meat: duck, beef, chicken, mutton, shrimp
- vegetables: baked beans, corn, potatoes, tomatoes,
spirach, lettuce, squash
dessert: brownies, chocolate cake, vanilla pudding,
strawberry ice cream
Answers
Sophia can choose from 420 different meal combinations at the buffet line.
Sophia has five options for meat, and since the order is not important, she can choose any one of them. For vegetables, she has seven options to choose from, but she needs to choose two of them. Therefore, the number of ways to choose two vegetables out of seven is 7C2 (7 choose 2), which is equal to 21. For dessert, she has four options to choose from. Using the multiplication principle, we can find the total number of different meals Sophia can choose by multiplying the number of options for each category together:
5 (meat options) x 21 (combinations of two vegetables) x 4 (dessert options) = 420
Therefore, Sophia can choose from 420 different meals at the buffet. Sophia has 5 choices for meat, 7 choices for vegetables, and 4 choices for dessert. Since the order is not important, we can use the combination formula to find the number of ways she can choose 2 vegetables from 7: C(7,2) = 7! / (2! * (7-2)!) = 21 combinations.
To find the total number of different meals, multiply the number of choices for each category: 5 (meat) * 21 (vegetable combinations) * 4 (dessert) = 420 different meals. Therefore, Sophia can choose from 420 different meal combinations at the buffet line.
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OMG LIKE HELP ME! What is the wavelength of the radiation with a frequency that is 5.18 x10^15 Hz? What is the wavelength of the radiation with a frequency that is 5.18 x10^15 Hz? In what region of the electromagnetic spectrum is this radiation?
Answers
The wavelength of the radiation : λ=5.792 x 10⁻⁸ m = 5.792 x 10⁻⁶ cm
Region of Ultraviolet
Further explanationGiven
A frequency : 5.18 x10¹⁵ Hz
Required
The wavelength
Solution
Frequency (f): the number of waves per second
Wavelength (λ): the distance from one crest/one trough to another
Fast wave propagation (v): the distance traveled by waves per unit of time
v= 3 x 10⁸ m/s
General formula :
v = λ.f
λ=v/f
Input the value :
λ=3.10⁸ : 5.18.10¹⁵
λ=5.792 x 10⁻⁸ m = 5.792 x 10⁻⁶ cm
Region of Ultraviolet (4000 - 10 A°, 4 x 10⁻⁵ - 10⁻⁷ cm,7.5 x 10¹⁴ - 3 x 10¹⁷ Hz)
what product is obtained when an acid reacts with a metal?
Answers
Answer:
salt and hydrogen gas
Explanation:
acid + metal = salt + hydrogen
Answer:
hope this helps
Explanation:
hydrogen gas
An acid will react with a metal to form a salt and hydrogen gas. The general word equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal is as follows: acid + metal → salt + hydrogen.
How many isomers are there in C7H16 ?
a. 6
b. 7
c. 8
d. 9
Answers
Describe the scale used to measure the basicity of a substance. Demonstrate how you could differentiate a weak base from a strong one. (10
points)
Answers
Answer:
The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or basicity of a substance.
Explanation:
pH stands for potential hydrogen. It ranges from 0 to 14, 7 being neutral. The pH of water is 7 i.e. it is neither acidic nor basic. 0 to 7 shows acidic behavior while 7 to 14 shows basic behavior.
Experiment:
Dip the pH paper in the liquid and wait for ten seconds. The pH strip starts to discolor.
For a strong acid the strip will turn red.
For a weak acid the strip will become pale red.
To find the correct pH value we can compare it with the indicator scale present on the pH scale box.
The scale used to measure the basicity of a substance is called the pH scale.
What is the pH scale?The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that ranges from 0 to 14 and is used to determine the acidity or basicity of a solution. A pH value of 7 is considered neutral, values below 7 are acidic, and values above 7 are basic.
To differentiate a weak base from a strong one, you can perform the following experiments:
pH Measurement: Measure the pH of the solution containing the base using a pH meter or pH indicator paper. A strong base will have a higher pH value, typically around 12-14, indicating a highly basic solution. A weak base will have a lower pH value, closer to 7, indicating a less basic or slightly basic solution.
Conductivity Test: Dissolve a small amount of the base in water and measure its electrical conductivity using a conductivity meter. Strong bases are good electrolytes and will conduct electricity well, resulting in a high conductivity. Weak bases, on the other hand, are poor electrolytes and will exhibit lower conductivity.
Reaction with Acids: Add a few drops of a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), to a solution containing the base. Strong bases will rapidly and completely neutralize the acid, resulting in a significant increase in pH. Weak bases, however, will only partially neutralize the acid, leading to a smaller increase in pH.
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what does Le châteliers principle state?
Answers
Hope this helps!
A d1 octahedral complex is found to absorb visible light, with the absorption maximum occurring at 525 nm. Calculate the crystal-field splitting energy, Δ , in kJ/mol.
If the complex has a formula of [M(H2O)6]3 , what effect would replacing the 6 aqua ligands with 6 Cl– ligands have on Δ?
Would it increase , decrease or remain constant?
Answers
To calculate the crystal-field splitting energy, we need to use the equation Δ = hc/λ, where h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, and λ is the wavelength of the absorption maximum.
Substituting the given values, we get Δ = (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J s x 3 x 10⁸ m/s)/(525 x 10⁻⁹ m) = 3.80 x 10⁻²⁰ J. To convert this to kJ/mol, we need to multiply by Avogadro's constant and divide by 1000, which gives Δ = 231 kJ/mol.
Replacing the 6 aqua ligands with 6 Cl- ligands would have an effect on Δ because Cl- is a stronger ligand than H₂O and would cause greater splitting of the d-orbitals. This means that the energy required to split the orbitals (i.e., Δ) would increase, leading to an increase in the crystal-field splitting energy. Therefore, replacing the aqua ligands with Cl- ligands would increase Δ.
The crystal-field splitting energy (Δ) can be calculated using the formula: Δ = hc/λ, where h is Planck's constant (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J·s), c is the speed of light (3.00 x 10⁸ m/s), and λ is the wavelength of the absorption maximum (525 nm).
First, we need to convert the wavelength from nm to meters: 525 nm * (1 x 10⁻⁹ m/nm) = 5.25 x 10⁻⁷ m.
Now, we can calculate Δ:
Δ = (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J·s) * (3.00 x 10⁸ m/s) / (5.25 x 10⁻⁷ m) = 3.78 x 10⁻¹⁹ J.
To convert Δ to kJ/mol, we can use Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10²³ mol⁻¹):
Δ = (3.78 x 10⁻¹⁹ J) * (6.022 x 10²³ mol⁻¹) * (1 kJ / 1000 J) = 227.9 kJ/mol.
When replacing the 6 aqua ligands with 6 Cl⁻ ligands in the [M(H₂O)₆]³⁺ complex, the crystal-field splitting energy Δ would generally increase. This is because Cl⁻ is a stronger field ligand than H₂O, which leads to a larger splitting of the d-orbitals and results in a higher Δ value.
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although the atomic mass for zinc is listed as 65.38 there is no zinc atom with that mass. Explain
Answers
Answer: The atomic mass in the periodic table is a weighted average of all naturally occuring isotopes of zinc.
Explanation: The elements consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and nuetrons are assigned a mass of 1 amu (atomic mass unit). Electrons are too small to make a big difference in the mass, so they are assign a 0 for their amu. Since the elements consist of just these three particles, any one atom must add up to a whole number atomic mass. Zinc consists of 30 protons, by definition. A neutral atom has 30 electrons. The balance of a zinc atom is made up of neutrons. A Zn-65 atom would have 30 protons and 35 neutrons:
30 Protons = 30 amu
35 Neutrons = 35 amu
30 Electrons = 0 amu
Total AMU = 65
Any ONE Zn atom should have a whole number atomic mass. But zinc in the environment has isotopes of zinc - atoms that contain differing numbers of neutrons. A Zn-66 atom would have 36, instead of 35 neutrons. (P:30, N:36, E:0 = 66 amu). The atomic mass in the Periodic Table reflects the average of these isotopes as found in the environment. If the 65 and 66 isotopes were the only ones found naturally, an atomic mass of 65.38 would suggest around 60% of the atoms are Zn-65 and 40% are Zn-66. The average weight atomic mass would would be 65.40
The atomic mass of zinc which is listed in periodic table is 65.38 but there is no zinc atom with that mass this is due to average atomic mass of naturally occurring isotopes of zinc.
What is atomic mass?Atomic mass is defined as the mass of an atom which has units of Dalton which is a non-SI unit.One Dalton is defined as approximately equal 1/12 of mass of carbon-12 atom.
The protons and neutrons account for the mass of an atom as they reside inside the nucleus . Electrons do not contribute to the atomic mas as they have negligible mass.
The atomic mass of atoms,ions or nuclei is slightly less than the sum of masses of constituent protons , neutrons and electrons due to the loss in binding energy.Addition of atomic masses of atoms leads to a quantity called as molecular mass.
The observed atomic mass is slightly less than the sum of masses of protons, neutrons which is called mass defect which arises due to difference in binding energy.
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The air we breathe is mostly a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen. How do air molecules change above 100 km?
Gases are no longer evenly mixed but layered.
The electrically charged ions in the ionosphere creates turbulence.
Water vapor condenses from the cold air.
Meteors burn in Earth's atmosphere.
Answers
Answer:
The answer is a
Explanation:
The atmosphere be fits itself with light gases and therefore the gases no longer evenly mix .
Answer:
Explanation:
Gasses are no longer evenly mixed but
Formula for Manganese Bromide Tetrahydrate
Answers
Answer:
I believe the molecular formula is MnBr2·4H2O or Br2H8MnO4
Explanation:
if you measure 0.0356 g of mg for your first trial, how many moles of hydrochloric acid would be needed to react with it? the molar mass of mg is 24.31 g/mol
Answers
0.00292 mol of HCL would be needed to react with 0.0356 g of Mg.
Mass of mg = 0.0356 g
Molar mass of mg is 24.31 g/mol
moles of mg= 0.0356/24.31
=0.00146moles
Mg+2HCL→MgCl₂ +H₂
From above equation , 1 mol of mg requires 2 mol of HCL
∴ 0.00146 mol of Mg will require =2×0.00146 mol of HCL
=0.00292 mol of HCL.
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i need a chemistry questions about separating method
Answers
Here are a few topics you could use
Question:
Different liquids boil and evaporate at different temperatures is the principle of?
Sedimentation
Fraction distillation mainly depends on?
Boiling point
A common example of fractional distillation in industries is the separation of various components of?
Crude oil
There are a few questions I would ask. Tell me if I answered this wrong cause I was a little confused
draw the carbon‑containing products of the fatty acid after one repetition of the β‑oxidation pathway. include the hydrogen atoms in your structures.
Answers
With the release of energy, fatty acids are broken down into smaller pieces by the process of beta-oxidation.
1 acetyl CoA is released from the fatty acid carbon chain for each cycle of beta-oxidation. The enzyme thiolase splits the fatty acid CoA molecule into two molecules. The fatty acid's beta-carbon is where the cleavage takes place.
Step: 1 The fatty acid structure is depicted below:
This compound is a fatty acid containing six carbon chain. Beta carbon is adjacent to the alpha carbon. beta oxidation involves the cleavage of \(\alpha -\beta\) bond cleavage.
Step: 2 The mechanism of the reaction is shown below:
The breaking of the fatty acid's alpha-beta bond occurs during the reaction pathway known as beta-oxidation of a fatty acid, which is carried out in the presence of the enzyme thiolase and a molecule of coenzyme A.
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what elements react with mercury?
Answers
fluorine, F2, chlorine, Cl2, bromine, Br2, or iodine, I2
Elements in Group 17 form which ion?
A. 1
B. +1
C. -1
D. 0
Answers
Answer:
Elements in group 17 form C. -1 ions
hope this helps
if you were going to be handling harmful chemicals in a lab, what safety equipment would you use to protect your eyes and face?(1 point)
Answers
Chemical splash goggles or face shields should be worn when there is a risk of splashing hazardous materials or flying particles.
What are safety equipment would you use to protect eyes and face ?Put on this protective gear before dealing with hazardous chemicals in a lab to protect your face and eyes.
If a substance has the ability to damage a surface upon touch, it is corrosive. People who inhale the fumes from these substances run the risk of burning their eyes, skin, and internal organs.These chemical burns can be avoided by closely following the biosafety protocol that a laboratory requires the use of masks, goggles, gloves, and an apron or lab coat.The regulations for biosafety in a lab necessitate that the subject not possess the exposed skin and eyes.Learn more about Lab safety here:
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Is Draco Malfoy hotter or is Sodapop hotter?
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Answer: Sodapop is hotter
Explanation: no cap
Answer:
100% Nick Popkes
Explanation:
A beetle crawls 2 cm/minute for ten minutes. How far did it crawl?
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In the given scenario, the beetle crawls 2 cm/minute for ten minutes. To find out how far did it crawl, we need to use the formula of distance.
The formula for distance is :Distance = Speed x TimeGiven, the beetle crawls at a speed of 2 cm/minute for 10 minutes, which means:Time (T) = 10 minutesSpeed (S) = 2 cm/minuteSubstitute the values of speed and time in the formula of distance and solve:Distance = Speed x TimeDistance = 2 cm/minute x 10 minutes = 20 cmTherefore, the beetle crawled a distance of 20 cm in 10 minutes.Note: As per the given question, the answer should not exceed more than 160 words.
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Fuel-efficient cars help decrease the global dependency on nonrenewable resources because they use less _______ than other vehicles to travel the same distance.
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Fuel-efficient cars help decrease the global dependency on nonrenewable resources because they use less fuel than other vehicles to travel the same distance.
What are non renewable resources?Nonrenewable resources are natural resources that cannot be readily replaced or regenerated, such as fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), minerals, and some metals. These resources are finite and once they are used they cannot be replenished. They are formed over millions of years and are essential for the functioning of modern society, but their extraction and use can have negative impacts on the environment.
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