The given redox reaction is: Sn2+(aq) + Ni(s) → Sn(s) + Ni2+(aq) The reaction is spontaneous at the given conditions, and the standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) is negative. The given standard reduction potentials are:
Sn2+(aq) + 2e- → Sn(s)
E° red = -0.136 VNi2+(aq) + 2e- → Ni(s)
E° red = -0.257 V
The net cell potential can be obtained by subtracting the standard reduction potential of the anode from the standard reduction potential of the cathode.
E° cell = E° red (cathode) - E° red (anode)
= (-0.257) - (-0.136) V = -0.121 V
The standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) of the reaction can be obtained by using the following relation:
ΔG° = -n FE° cell Here,
n = 2, F = Faraday constant
= 96500 C mol-1ΔG°
= - (2) (96500 C mol-1) (-0.121 V)
= +23,257 JC is Coulombs and J is joules
Thus, ΔG° = +23.257 kJ mol-1 The relation between the equilibrium constant (K) and standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) is given by:
ΔG° = -RT ln K Where,
R is the gas constant = 8.314
J K-1 mol-1T is the absolute temperature K = antilog
[(-ΔG°) / (RT)]K = antilog [(23257) / (8.314 x 298)]K = antilog (9.084)K = 9.1 x 106
Since the equilibrium constant (K) is greater than 1, therefore the reaction is spontaneous at the given conditions and the standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) is negative.
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A 0.25 M solution of a salt NaA has pH 9.29. What is the value of Ka for the parent acid HA?
The Ka value for the parent acid of Ha is \(Ka = 6.576 \times 10^{-6}\).
Overall equation for this reaction can be given as :
Na+ (aq) + A-(aq) + H2O(l) → Ņa+(aq) + HA(aq) + OH-(aq)
Net ionic equation will be :
\(A^{-}(aq) + H_{2}O(l) \rightarrow HA(aq) + OH^{-}(aq)\\\\K_{b} = \frac{[HA][OH^{-}]}{[A^{-}]}\)
Given, pH = 9.29
The pH of the solution is the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration in aqueous solution.
So, pOH = 14 - 9.29 = 4.71
So, \([OH^-] = 10-4.71 = 1.95 \times 10^-{5}\)
M = [HA]
\(K_{b} = \frac{[HA][OH^{-}]}{[A^{-}]}or, K_{b} = \frac{[1.95 \times 10^{-5}]^{2}}{[0.25]}or, K_{b} = 1.521 \times 10^{-9}\)
Now, we know that;
\(K_{a} \times K_{b} = 10^{-14}or, K_{a} = \frac{10^{-14}}{1.521 \times 10^{-9}}or,\mathbf{ K_{a} = 6.576 \times 10^{-6}}\)
Therefore, the value of \(Ka = 6.576 \times 10^{-6}\).
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Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?
Select one:
a. Carbonated water.
b. Chicken and rice soup.
c. Oil and vinegar salad dressing.
d. Chocolate chip ice cream.
Answer:
The answer is A, Carbonated water.
How would you define balanced force if you
were explaining it to a friend?
Answer:
if a number of force acting on a body is unable to change it's position then it is called balanced force
guess there's a box
A backdraft explosion can occur when
- There is a lack of fuel in a partially-burned room
- There is a lack of oxygen in a partially-burned room
- A door is opened into a room instead of opening into a hallway or outside
- A fire is very smoky
A backdraft explosion can occur when there is a lack of oxygen in a partially-burned room. This situation can be exacerbated if a door is opened into the room, introducing a sudden supply of oxygen, which then leads to a rapid combustion of the remaining fuel, causing the explosion. A fire being very smoky may also indicate a lack of oxygen, increasing the risk of a backdraft explosion.
A backdraft explosion can occur under certain conditions such as when there is a lack of fuel in a partially-burned room or a lack of oxygen in a partially-burned room. Additionally, if a door is opened into a room instead of opening into a hallway or outside, it can create a draft that can lead to a backdraft explosion. Furthermore, a fire that is very smoky can also lead to a backdraft explosion as the smoke can build up and ignite when oxygen is suddenly introduced. It is important to be aware of these potential dangers and to take necessary precautions to prevent a backdraft explosion from occurring.
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Which of the following would cause entropy to decrease?
Answer:
B . CO2(g) -----> CO2(l) Entropy canbe decreased only in the cases when liquid is converted to solid and when gas is converted to solid or liquid. The option B is correct.
Answer:
b. CO_2 (g) --> CO_2 (l)
Explanation:
A P E X
QUICK PLEASE. If the student on the right applies 8ON of force, what is the net force? *
A.40 N to the right
B.40 N to the left
C.80 N to the left
D.120 N to the right
Answer:
o sou imleyna leqro mueuto ajdairv c aegra vamos loámas...i o
Explanationaer pgunta t:á incoplmeta
2. Points that do not lie on the same line.
O Ray
O
Line segment
O Point
Non-collinear
Points that do not lie on the same line are non-collinear or noncollinear.
The great ocean conveyor belt is a model used to explain how ocean currents cirulate
The great ocean conveyor belt is a model that describes how ocean currents circulate thermal energy around the Earth.
Thermal energy is a type of energy that is associated with an object's or system's temperature. It is the energy that is transferred between two systems or objects as a result of a temperature difference. Thermal energy can be transferred through three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy through a material without the material itself moving. Convection is the movement of fluids such as air or water that transfers thermal energy. The transfer of thermal energy via electromagnetic waves, such as light or infrared radiation, is known as radiation.
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Carbon cycle – What are the main reservoirs
of the carbon cycle? Where do the inorganic and organic carbon
cycles interact? What are the major differences and similarities
between the inorganic and organic carbon?
The main reservoirs of the carbon cycle are the atmosphere, oceans, land (including vegetation and soils), and fossil fuels. In these reservoirs, carbon exists in both inorganic and organic forms.
The inorganic carbon cycle involves the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the atmosphere and oceans through processes like photosynthesis and respiration.
Organic carbon, on the other hand, is found in living organisms, dead organic matter, and soil organic matter. It is cycled through processes such as decomposition and consumption by organisms. The interactions between the inorganic and organic carbon cycles occur primarily in the biosphere, where photosynthesis converts inorganic carbon into organic carbon compounds. While inorganic carbon is primarily in the form of CO2, organic carbon is present in complex organic molecules. Both forms of carbon play crucial roles in energy transfer, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation.
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what are the two effects that have to be considered to determine the influence a substituent will have on electrophilic aromatic substitution?
The two effects that influence the substituent will have on the electrophilic aromatic substitution is the inductive effect and the resonance.
The inductive effect is the electron donating or the electron-withdrawing ability of the substituent, that can influence the reactivity and the stability of that aromatic ring. The Inductive effects is the attraction of the electrons to the that more electronegative atom of substituent, that will decreases the electron density on molecule and will decreases the stability of the molecule.
The resonance effect is the ability of the substituent to delocalize the electrons through the aromatic ring, that will also affect the reactivity and the stability of the ring. The Both of these effects will be considered to be determine the overall influence of the substituent on electrophilic aromatic substitution.
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question. for the reaction below: a. estimate the gas phase enthalpy change using bond dissociation enthalpies from the owl table reference, not data from your text. click the references button and then click the tables link on the drop-down that appears. include algebraic sign and units. fill in the blank 1 b. is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? c. is the reaction likely to proceed spontaneously in the
a) Enthalpy change in specify chemical reaction is 126 kJ/mol.
b) The specify chemical reaction is endothermic reaction.
c) This is not a spontaneous reaction.
We have, a reaction as present below,
\( CH_3CH_3 + I^{.} -> CH_3CH_2^{.} + HI \\ \)
In this reaction, the reactant
\(CH_3CH_2-H\) bond is broken and H-I bond formed. So,
a) The standard enthalpy of reaction for a chemical reaction is defined as the difference between molar enthalpies of total reactant and total product and it is calculated for substances when they present in standard states.
Change in enthalpy = -297 + 423
= 126 kJ/mol.
b) It is endothermic reaction as change in en thakly is positive.
c) No,the reaction will not be spontaneous in the direction written.as, the enthalpy change is positive.
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A given sample of metal has a density of 2.5 g/cm3 and a mass of 12.5 g. What is the
volume of the metal?
31.25 cm^3
5.0 cm^3
0.20 cm^3
5.0 cm
Answer:
5.0 cm³Explanation:
The volume of a substance when given the density and mass can be found by using the formula
\(volume = \frac{mass}{density} \\ \)
From the question we have
\(volume = \frac{12.5}{2.5} \\ \)
We have the final answer as
5 cm³Hope this helps you
Which of these is NOT a science and engineering practice?
asking questions
opinion and factless ideas
analyzing and interpreting data
obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information
Opinion and and factless ideas are not science and engineering practice as these are based on observations.
What are observations?
Observations are defined as a set of statements or facts which are recorded while conducting an experiment.Observations are made through sensing changes in the variables of the experiment.
It is specifically defined as an act of knowing or recording the changes in the variables of the experiment.Recording observations holds importance as recording observations avoid the experiment to be repeated over and over again.
It is important to note down observations so that the testing of hypothesis is made easier.There are four types of observations .Observations need to be descriptive and must be written in complete sentences and should include all the numerical data of the experiment.
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Which of the following electron configurations for neutral atoms is correct?
magnesium: 1s 2^2s 2^2p 6^3s 2^3p^6
argon: 1s 2^2s 2^2p 6^3s 2^3p^6
Answer:
the correct answer is argon: 1s 2^2s 2^2p 6^3s 2^3p^6
Explanation:
Please help I will give brainliest ;3
Answer:
oxygen, carbondioxide
carbondioxide, oxygen
calculate the pressure exerted by 66.0 g of CO2
Answer:
The pressure exerted by 66.0 g of CO₂ gas at -14.5°C that occupies a volume of 50.0 L is 0.636 atm.
How do we calculate pressure?
Pressure of any gas will be calculated by using the ideal gas equation as:
PV = nRT, where
P = pressure of gas = ?
V = volume of gas = 50L
R = universal gas constant = 0.082 L.atm/K.mol
T = temperature of gas = -14.5°C = 258.65 K
n is moles of gas and it will be calculated as:
n = W/M, where
W = given mass of CO₂ = 66g
M = molar mass of CO₂ = 44 g/mol
n = 66/44 = 1.5 moles
On putting values we get
P = (1.5)(0.082)(258.65) / (50)
P = 0.636 atm
Hence required pressure is 0.636 atm.
Explanation:
Hope This Helps
Have A Great Day
~Zero~
2
Which represents a mixture?
*
Ос.
Explanation:
A mixture is an impure substances with the following properties:
Composition is indefinite i.e they consist of two or more elements and or compounds in any proportion by massConstituents retain their identities i.e physical properties are retainedConstituents reacts differently to changed conditions. They can easily be separated into constituents by physical methodsExamples are air, sea - water, muddy water, palm -wine, petroleum, alloys etc.
Using this description it should be easy to identify a mixture.
Propose a structure for compounds consistent with the following mass spectral data: (a) A ketone with M+=86 and fragments at m/z=71 and m/z=43 (b) An alcohol withi M+=88 and fragments at m/z=73, m/z=70, and m/z=59 (c) A hydrocarbon with M+=84
The ketone that can be shown by the description have been shown in the image attached.
What does mass spectroscopy show us?A strong analytical method known as mass spectrometry can reveal important details about the make-up, structure, and characteristics of molecules. It enables researchers to pinpoint and examine a sample's chemical and isotopic features.
The mass of a molecule or an ion can be precisely determined using mass spectrometry. The mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) measurement enables the recognition and verification of a compound's molecular formula. Particularly relevant to the study of pharmaceutical analysis, biochemistry, and organic chemistry.
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the sum of all the forces acting on the object is zero, which is the first condition of it and it has two forms
thank you sa points
Explanation:
need ko lungs sorry
how to determine the molar mass of an unknown acid
To determine the molar mass of an unknown acid, follow these steps:
1. Obtain the formula of the unknown acid.
2. Calculate the mass of a sample of the acid.
3. Determine the number of moles of the sample of the acid.
4. Determine the number of grams per mole of the acid.
The molar mass of the unknown acid can be calculated by dividing the mass of the sample of the acid by the number of moles of the sample of the acid. Molar mass is defined as the mass of one mole of a chemical substance. It is usually expressed in grams per mole. It is calculated by adding up the atomic weights of each of the atoms in the chemical formula of the substance. For instance, let's suppose you want to calculate the molar mass of an unknown acid, HA. The first step is to obtain the chemical formula of the acid, which is HA.
Then, using a balance, obtain the mass of a sample of the acid, for instance, 0.5 g. To determine the number of moles of the sample of the acid, you'll need to divide the mass of the sample by the molar mass of the acid.To determine the number of grams per mole of the acid, add up the atomic weights of each of the atoms in the chemical formula of the substance.
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Warm water rising to the surface of the
ocean and cooler water sinking
A conduction B convection C radiation
Answer:
convection
Explanation:
Answer: Convection is correct because of the currents that are placed when the heat comes up and the cooler liquid is going to the bottom!!!
How many ml of naoh was used to reach the equivalence point?
options:
10ml
20ml
25ml
50ml
When the pH of a solution is 2, the concentration of hydronium ions is10-2 M = 0.01 M. Is it acidic or basic?
Answer:
Explanations:
The formula for calculating the pH of the solution is given as:
\(pH=-log[H_3O^+]\)Given that the pH is 2, then;
\(\begin{gathered} 2=-log[H_3O^+] \\ log[H_3O^+]=-2 \\ [H_3O^+]=10^{-2} \\ [H_3O^+]=0.01M \end{gathered}\)Hence the concentration of the hydronium ion is 0.01M
Since the pH of the solution is less than 7, hence the solution is acidic
what advice would you give to your friend who has been suffering from domestic violence
Answer:
the advices are,
1. i would say him or her to give all information about not to do domestic violence who has doing it.
2. i would say him/ herto be strict towards the domestic violence.
3. i would suggest him or her to raise voice aganist towards the domestic violence.
5. i would suggest him or her to negotiate to them for theirbasic rights.
6. if its not possible then i would suggest him or her to complain to the police.
hope u like it ...
Answer: If my friend has been suffering from domestic violence, then I will advice her to be strict towards domestic violence, believe in yourself, don't lose hope, provide the information about not doing domestic violence for who has doing it, I will suggest her to raise voice against it, to fight for the basic rights, If not possible then i would advice her to complain to police and if it is even worst then I will advice her to leave as soon as possible, make your own decision, etc These advice i would give if my friend has been suffering from domestic violence.
Explanation:
Hope it will help you...................
A second - order reaction has a rate constant of 0.06 M min - 1 . It takes min for the reactant concentration to decrease from 0.13 M to 0.088 M. Select one : O a . 73.4 O b . 7.80 O c . 6.50 O d . 61.2
Answer:
Choice D. Approximately \(61.2\) minutes.
Explanation:
The reaction rate of a second-order reaction is proportional to the square of one of its reactants.
Let \(y\) denote the concentration of that reactant (in \(\rm M\).)Let \(t\) denote time (in minutes.)Let \(k\) denote the rate constant of this reaction. Assume that \(y_0\) is the concentration of that reactant at the beginning of this reaction (when \(t = 0\).) Because this reaction is of second order, it can be shown that:
\(\displaystyle y = \frac{1}{k\, t + (1/y_0)}\).
The question states that the rate constant here is \(0.06\; \rm M\cdot min^{-1}\). Hence, \(k = 0.06\). For simplicity, assume that \(t = 0\) when the concentration is \(0.13\; \rm M\). Therefore, \(y_0 = 0.13\). The equation for concentration \(y\) at time \(t\) would become:
\(\displaystyle y = \frac{1}{\underbrace{0.06}_{k}\, t + (1/\underbrace{0.13}_{y_0})}\).
The goal is to find the time at which the concentration is \(0.088\). That's the same as solving this equation for \(t\), given that \(y = 0.088\):
\(\displaystyle \frac{1}{0.06\; t + (1/0.13)} = 0.088\).
\(t \approx 61.2\).
In other words, it would take approximately \(61.2\) minutes before the concentration of this second-order reactant becomes \(0.088\; \rm M\).
What question can a student BEST answer when comparing and contrasting the models?
A.
How does each model affect the temperature of a substance?
B.
How does temperature affect the rate of reaction of a substance?
C.
How does temperature affect the phase of matter of a substance?
D.
How does the phase of matter affect the temperature of a substance?
put some ice in a clean glass. examine it every 3 minutes for half oan hour . DIscribe what happens to the ice
Answer:
the ice starts melting and turns into water
the fuel value of propane is 50.3 kj/g. how much heat results from the combustion of 2.84 g of propane?
The fuel value of propane is 50.3 kj/g. 3.24KJ is the heat that results from the combustion of 2.84 g of propane.
With the increase in a body’s temperature, molecules or atoms’ vibrations increase. These vibrations are subsequently transferred from one part of the body to another. The measure of energy with which the particles vibrate in a system is termed as heat contained in that object. As per the concept of heat, it is defined as the movement of energy from a warm to a cooler object.
mole = 2.84/ 44= 0.064
heat = 50.3×0.064=3.24KJ
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When most liquids freeze, explain what happens to the motion and the space between the atoms.
Answer:
atoms relative motion slow down and begin to vibrate in place
what number of moles of o2 is needed to produce 14.2 grams of p4o10 from p? (molecular weight p4o10
0.25 moles of O2 is needed to produce 14.2 grams of P4O10 from P.
In order to calculate the number of moles of O2 needed to produce 14.2 grams of P4O10 from P, we need to use the equation for the reaction:
P + 5O2 → P4O10
We can calculate the number of moles of O2 needed by using the molar mass of P4O10, which is 284 g/mol. First, we need to calculate the number of moles of P4O10 present in 14.2 grams:
14.2 g/ 284 g/mol
= 0.05 mol.
Now, we can use the mole ratio between P and O2 to calculate the number of moles of O2 needed. The mole ratio is 5:1, meaning that for every 5 moles of O2, 1 mole of P is needed. Therefore, to get 0.05 moles of P4O10 from P, we need 0.05 x 5 = 0.25 moles of O2.
In conclusion, 0.25 moles of O2 is needed to produce 14.2 grams of P4O10 from P.
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