What are alleles?


the decoders of the DNA message


two forms of single genes, alternate forms of the instructions


the basic unit of inheritance


a measurable factor

The quality that is not a characteristic of biological species is :

Individuals in different phases of development have different numbers of chromosomes. A biological species is a set of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring. It is a group of interbreeding organisms that are reproductively isolated from other groups.  

According to the biological species concept , a species is a group of living organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring and are reproductively isolated from other groups of organisms. This means that members of the same species have common physical characteristics , can interbreed with one another , and can produce fertile offspring. Individuals in different phases of development have different numbers of chromosomes are not a characteristic of biological species. Different phases of development in individual organisms have different numbers of chromosomes, but individuals of the same species should have the same number of chromosomes. Therefore, we can conclude that individuals in different phases of development have different numbers of chromosomes is not a characteristic of biological species.

According to the biological species idea, populations that actually or potentially interbreed in nature constitute a species, not features that resemble one another. Although appearance can be used to distinguish between species, it does not define them.

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White blood cells with two nuclei have 46 chromosomes since most of our cells have two sets of chromosomes, making a total of 46 (or 23 pairs) in most cells.

Human white blood cells frequently have several nuclei (in other words, have more than one nucleus). What would the number of chromosomes be in a white blood cell with two nuclei. Depending on the gender, it differs.

One of the twenty-three pairs of human chromosomes is known as chromosome 2. This chromosome is often found in two copies in humans. The second-largest human chromosome, chromosome 2, accounts for over 8% of the DNA in human cells and spans more than 242 million base pairs.

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Answer: b

Explanation:

I) Independent assortment.

II) Nucleosomes, DNA, chromatin, chromosomes.

III) 3.

➻ Recombination scrambles pieces of maternal and paternal genes, which ensures that genes assort independently from one another.

➻ We know that Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes. Chromatin looks like beads on a string. The beads are called nucleosomes. Each nucleosome is composed of DNA.

➻ Triploids with three different alleles can easily be detected because they have a unique phenotype.

The process involved in genetic recombination is INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT. The correct order from smallest to largest is DNA, nucleosomes, chromatin, chromosomes. In a triploid organism, there are 3 ALLELES for each gene.

In independent assortment, different gene variants or 'alleles' are independently and randomly assorted into daughter cells, which allows genetic recombination.

In eukaryotic organisms, DNA is associated with histone proteins in order to form nucleosomes, which arrange in higher organization structures called chromatin fibers.

Subsequently, chromatin fibers condense to form structures called chromosomes.

A triploid organism (3n) contains three sets of homo-logous chromosomes, each one containing one allele for a given locus.

In conclusion, the process involved in genetic recombination is INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT. The correct order from smallest to largest is DNA, nucleosomes, chromatin, chromosomes. In a triploid organism, there are 3 ALLELES for each gene per cell.

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Natural selection can be defined as a process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other traits.

Natural selection is one of the driving forces of evolution, and it works by favoring traits that increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction. This can happen due to various factors such as competition for resources, predation, environmental changes, etc. Individuals with favorable traits have a better chance of passing on those traits to their offspring, leading to a gradual change in the population over time.

Therefore, natural selection is an important mechanism that shapes the diversity of life on Earth by selecting for traits that increase the chances of survival and reproduction in a given environment.

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During nondisjunction, two gametes contain two sets of chromosome and two gametes does not contain any chromosome. Hence, options A and B are correct.

Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in the production of four gamete cells and a 50% reduction in the number of chromosomes in the parent cell. To develop egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction, this process is necessary.

Cells move through prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase with each round of division.

During nondisjunction, two gametes contain two sets of chromosome and two gametes does not contain any chromosome. Hence, options A and B are correct.

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Answer: chloroplasts

Explanation:

The appropriate structure(s) on the diagram of DNA and RNA can be matched to the following terms:

The genetic code is frequently referred to as a "blueprint" because it contains the instructions a cell requires in order to sustain itself. We now know that there is more to these instructions than simply the sequence of letters in the nucleotide code, however. For example, vast amounts of evidence demonstrate that this code is the basis for the production of various molecules, including RNA and protein. Research has also shown that the instructions stored within DNA are "read" in two steps: transcription and translation. In transcription, a portion of the double-stranded DNA template gives rise to a single-stranded RNA molecule.

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Answer:

The function of a cell wall is to protect and support the organism.

Explanation:

Answer:

enzymes

ATP energy

nucleotides

Explanation:

All of the above are needed. Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of new DNA, ATP energy is needed because replication is an active process, and enzymes catalyze the reactions needed to carry it out (e.g. helicase to separate the strands to be replicated, DNA polymerase to build the new strands, and ligase to "glue" the fragments together).

High levels of methylation of the base Cytosine are associated with low levels of gene activity.

A methyl group (-CH₃) is added to the cytosine base of DNA during the process of methylation, which can modify the expression of genes without changing the DNA sequence itself.

This methyl group can reduce gene expression by interfering with the binding of transcription factors and other proteins required for gene activation.

Numerous diseases, such as cancer and neurological disorders, have been linked by research to aberrant DNA methylation patterns. Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in cancer can silence them and aid in the growth of tumors.

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Complete question

High levels of methylation of the base ____ are associated with low levels of gene activity.

Thymine

Adenine

Cytosine

Guanine

Uracil

The total collection of circumstances that allow an animal (population, species) to live fundamental niche. Realized niche refers to the circumstances that a particular animal really uses.

Given its adaptations, the species' possible mode of life is known as the Fundamental Niche. The realised niche can only be the same size as or lower than the basic niche since it results from a species' adaptations as well as from competition with other species.

When more creatures move in, there is competition for food and mates, or when predators begin to hunt in the area, the fundamental niche becomes smaller.

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Answer:

The statement "over time, dynamic exercise training results in increased cardiac output" is true.

Explanation:

Dynamic exercise is a type of physical exercise that involves a high degree of muscular activity and significantly increases heart rate, breathing rate, and oxygen demand.

Dynamic exercise training over time can result in several changes in the cardiovascular system.One of the changes that occur in the cardiovascular system as a result of dynamic exercise training is hypertrophy and an increase in diastolic volume. Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of the heart muscle.

When a person engages in dynamic exercise training, the heart muscle is repeatedly stressed, and over time, the muscle responds by increasing in size or hypertrophying. Hypertrophy enables the heart to pump more blood with each heartbeat, which results in increased cardiac output. Diastolic volume, on the other hand, refers to the amount of blood in the heart at the end of relaxation. With dynamic exercise training, the diastolic volume of the heart increases, which also contributes to the increase in cardiac output.

Another change that occurs in the cardiovascular system as a result of dynamic exercise training is a decreased resting heart rate. The resting heart rate refers to the number of times the heart beats per minute when a person is at rest. Regular dynamic exercise training causes the heart to become stronger and more efficient at pumping blood, which leads to a decrease in the resting heart rate.

This decrease in resting heart rate also helps to increase cardiac output as more blood is pumped per beat. Therefore, dynamic exercise training results in increased cardiac output, which is a result of hypertrophy and an increase in diastolic volume, and a decreased resting heart rate.

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Answer: 0.35 km or 350 m

Explanation:

      The coyote runs 70 km/h

      The hare runs 65 km/h

      The coyote is 5 km/h faster than the hare

      The hare is 25 m away, 0.025 km

      I will graph this. x is the time passed, y is the distance. The point of intersection is when the coyote catches up.

(0.005, 0.35)

    -> The hare can run 0.35 km before the coyote catches up.

Answer:

genetic dominance

Explanation:

Simple Dominance is also known as genetic dominance

Answer:

Light

Explanation:

Photosynthesis is the process of turning light into energy

The following is not a function of lysosomes : forming acid hydrolases which are necessary to help form cell membranes.

Lysosomes serve as the digestive system of the cell, breaking down materials ingested from outside the cell and digesting old components of the cell itself.

Lysosomes are organelles that accommodate hydrolytic enzymes. Hydrolases can break down unwanted components of cells, such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates that form cell debris. Cellular components that are not required for other cellular functions move to lysosomes, where they are degraded.

Lysosomes have three main functions: Breakdown/digestion of macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids), repair of cell membranes and response to foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses and other antigens. An important function of lysosomes is the digestion and removal of waste. Cellular debris or foreign bodies are drawn into cells through the process of endocytosis.

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Complete question :

Which of the following is NOT a function of lysosomes?

A) forming acid hydrolases which are necessary to help form cell membranes

B) degrading worn-out or nonfunctional organelles

C) breaking down bone to release calcium ions into the blood

D) digesting particles taken in by endocytosis

Water injection is a widely used method in many waterflooding projects in order to maintain the reservoir pressure and improve oil recovery. However, it also has some disadvantages due to suspended solids, oxygen content, and bacteria content.

Suspended solids are tiny particles of matter that are suspended in the water that are either organic or inorganic in nature and can come from a variety of sources such as oil and gas production, drilling operations, and industrial processes. The disadvantages of suspended solids in water injection in waterflooding projects are:

They can cause formation damage by plugging the reservoir pore space and reducing the permeability of the rock and can also cause problems with the injection equipment by clogging the filters and reducing the flow rate of the injected water.

Oxygen is a highly reactive gas that can cause corrosion and degradation of the reservoir rock and the injection equipment. The disadvantages of oxygen content in water injection in waterflooding projects are :

It can cause the formation of scale and other deposits that can reduce the permeability of the rock and increase the pressure drop across the reservoir. It can also cause the formation of emulsions and other undesirable fluid properties that can reduce the efficiency of the waterflooding project.

Bacteria are microorganisms that can grow and multiply in the water and the reservoir rock. The disadvantages of bacteria content in water injection in waterflooding projects are:

They can cause corrosion of the injection equipment and the reservoir rock and can also cause fouling and plugging of the reservoir pore space, reducing the permeability of the rock and reducing the efficiency of the waterflooding project.

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Answer: breakdown/ connect/ contracts

Explanation:

Answer:

Bar graphs are used to display relationship between related dataset using bars of various lengths. The length of each bar represents the measure of the data element.

From the given table, the axis of each label is:

Month \(\to\) x-axis

# of deer \(\to\) y-axis

This means that:

Refer to attachment for the bar graph.

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Answer:

i cant read this pls change the lebgth of the problem :/

Answer:

Column 2 and Column 3

Explanation:

The correct answer is A) energy transduction. During the first stage of photosynthesis, also known as the light-dependent reactions.

THE light energy is absorbed by pigments in the chloroplasts and converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH + H+.

This process is known as energy transduction, as it involves the conversion of one form of energy (light) into another form (chemical energy) and reducing equivalents.
Hi! In the first stage of photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy and reducing equivalents (NADPH + H+). This phenomenon is called A) energy transduction.

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Answer:

animals

Explanation:

earthworm which is in soil

Aloe vera, Christmas cacti, neem, orchids, and other plants can be found in the lithosphere.

The solid outer layer of Earth is known as the lithosphere. The Earth's outermost layers, the crust and the brittle upper part of the mantle, are together referred to as the lithosphere.

The asthenosphere, another component of the upper mantle, and the atmosphere form its boundaries.

Lithosphere Together, the upper mantle and crust make up the outermost layer of the planet. The lithosphere is home to a variety of plants, including aloe vera, Christmas cacti, neem, orchids, and others.

The lithosphere includes a wide variety of animals. There exist microorganisms, underground organisms, animals that live on the ocean floor, as well as land animals including tigers, lizards, and moles.

Thus, these are the plants that lives in lithosphere.

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Answer:

U A U C C A G G A U G C G C A A U G

Explanation:

Match them up!

Going from DNA to mRNA

Thymine with Aracil

Aracil to Uracil

C to G and vise versa.

Forgive my spelling.

The electron transport chain is the third and final step of cellular respiration. In this stage, high-energy electrons are released from NADPH and FADH2. This electrons move along the electron transport chains located in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.

It has a series of protein complexes in the mitochondrial membrane where electrons from donor molecules are transferred to these protein complexes. These electrons can be transferred by pumping hydrogen ions. The pumping of hydrogen ions generates the gradient required for the ATP synthase to produce ATP.

These are the protein complexes that are found in the mitochondrial membrane, NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome b-c1, cytochrome oxidase, and ATP synthase. There are also two mobile carriers found in the mitochondrial membrane that help carries out the process and these are ubiquinone and cytochrome c.

The electron transport chain starts off with two electrons being passed from the NADH to the NADH dehydrogenase complex. This transfer involves the pumping of one hydrogen ion for each electron and these two electrons are transferred to ubiquinone. The ubiquinone then moves the electrons to the cytochrome b-c 1 and the electrons are transferred to cytochrome c. The electrons are then passed on to the cytochrome oxidase which requires four electrons. These four electrons interact with oxygen molecules and 8 hydrogen ions. The four electrons, four hydrogen ions, and oxygen molecules are combined to form two water molecules and the other four-hydrogen ions are pumped across the mitochondrial membrane. The pumping of hydrogen ions generates the gradient which is a requirement for the ATP synthase to create ATP.

Answer:

C) The Golgi apparatus

Explanation:

he Golgi apparatus works like a mail room. The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the rough ER and puts "shipping addresses" on them. The Golgi then packages the proteins into vesicles and sends them to the right place in the cell or to the cell membrane.

Answer:D

Explanation: