What are the types of chemical?

The electron present in s subshell will show most penetration towards the nucleus

The extent to which an electron can come closer to the nucleus or the  extent to which an electron can experience nuclear force is known as penetration. The ability of electron to penetrate into different subshell and shell is known as its penetration power.

The order of penetration is as follow: s>p>d>f.

Shielding effect is also known as screening effect. It is the decrease in the nuclear force experienced by the valence electron due to increase in atomic number. In the other word we can say that penetration is opposite to shielding effect.

The order of the shielding effect on the outer valence electron is as follow: s>p>d>f.

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The volume (in liters) of the the original solution that should be used is 0.578 Liter

The volume of the original solution that should be used can be obtained as follow:

Dilution equation is given as follow:

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

Inputting the given parameters, we have:

14 × V₁ = 2.3 × 3.5

14 × V₁ = 8.05

Divide bioth sides by 14

V₁ = 8.05 / 14

V₁ = 0.578 Liter

Thus, from the above calculation, we can conclude that the volume of the original solution needed is 0.578 Liter

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The pH of the solution prepared by dissolving 108.3 g HCl(g) in enough water to make 135.0 L of solution is (a) 1.66

To determine the pH of the given solution, we need to first calculate the concentration of H⁺ ions in the solution. HCl is a strong acid, which means it completely dissociates in water to form H⁺ and Cl- ions.

The balanced chemical equation for the dissociation of HCl is: HCl (g) → H⁺ (aq) + Cl⁻ (aq)

The molar mass of HCl is 36.46 g/mol. Therefore, the number of moles of HCl in 108.3 g is:

n = mass/molar mass = 108.3 g / 36.46 g/mol = 2.97 mol

The volume of the solution is 135.0 L, so the concentration of H⁺ ions is:

[H⁺] = n/V = 2.97 mol/135.0 L = 0.022 M

To calculate the pH, we use the equation:

pH = -log[H⁺]

Substituting the value of [H⁺], we get:

pH = -log(0.022) = 1.66

Therefore, the pH of the given solution is 1.66, which corresponds to option (a).

In summary, the given solution is prepared by dissolving 108.3 g of HCl in enough water to make 135.0 L of solution. The pH of the solution is 1.66, which is calculated based on the concentration of H⁺ ions in the solution, which is determined from the number of moles of HCl and the volume of the solution.

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(D)

Explanation:

On the left side two molecules, each made of 2 grays and 3 blues, which suggests that only (D) offers the right combination: 2 Al atoms and 3 O atoms that make up Al2O3.

Answer:

Water is the solvent

Both the ethanol and the hydrogen peroxide are the solute

Explanation:

Both the hydrogen peroxide and ethanol are sisobable in water.

There are 0.05 moles of ethanol.

1 litreof water contains 55.55 moles of water.

0.2 g of hydrogen peroxide contains 0.2/34 = 0.0059 moles of hydrogen peroxide (the 34 is the molar mass of hydrogen peroxide).

Since there are more moles of water, water becomes the solvent and the other two liquids dissolve in it.

Answer:

Explanation:

The correct answer is B. isotopes.

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This difference in the number of neutrons leads to variations in their atomic mass but does not affect their chemical properties or reactivity. Isotopes of an element have similar chemical behaviors but may have slightly different physical properties due to the difference in atomic mass.

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The molar mass of a substance, you need to add up the atomic masses of all one mole of the substance. In the case of CaCl2, you have one calcium atom with a molar mass of 40.08 g/mol and two chlorine atoms with a molar mass of 35.45 g/mol each.

which  gives a total molar mass of 110.98 g/mol.  CaCl2 has a molar mass of 110.98 g/mol, which is closest to the given molar mass of 40.00 g/mol the molar mass of K2SO4 is 174.26 g/mol, the molar mass of is 40.00 g/mol  the molar mass of CH is 13.01 g/mol, none of which match the given molar mass.

The substance with a molar mass of 40.00 g/mol is NaOH. To calculate the molar mass of a compound, you need to sum the atomic masses of all the elements present in it. For NaOH Adding these atomic masses together, we get: 22.99 + 16.00 + 1.01 = 40.00 g/mol.

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Given :

Number of atoms of an element, n = 2.072 × 10⁴³ atoms.

To Find :

Number of moles of that element in given number of atoms.

Solution :

We know, 1 mole of any element contains 6.022 × 10²³ atoms.

So, number of moles in given number of atoms are :

\(n = \dfrac{2.072\times 10^{43}}{6.022\times 10^{23}}\\\\n = 3.441 \times 10^{19}\ moles\)

Hence, this is the required solution.

Answer:

Balloon filled with helium is not a mixture because the gas in it consists of solely helium atoms.

Explanation:

Explanation:

An element is a pure substance as well, because if we fill up a balloon with just helium gas, it will only contain helium atoms.

Answer: Adding or removing energy from matter

Explanation:

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Because density of water decreases as volume increases as mass increases too.

Hence greater loads can be carried.

Answer:

C. ion concentrations are no longer changing and the voltage is 0.

Explanation:

Electrochemical cells are a device that generates current from redox reactions. In the cell, the equilibrium is reached when the voltage drops to 0. Thus, option C is correct.

An electrochemical cell is a voltaic device that uses chemical energy to generate electrical energy and vice versa. It is of two types electrolytic and galvanic cells depending on the energy it produces.

The electrochemical cell comprises two electrodes namely an anode and cathode, a salt bridge or the porous barrier, and an external connection.

The connection shows the voltage that indicates the equilibrium. When the current flow stops and the voltage reaches zero, the electrochemical cell is said to be in equilibrium.

Therefore, no change in the ionic concentrations and zero voltage indicates equilibrium.

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Daniel's field of study is most closely related to atmospheric science or climatology. He is specifically studying the relationship between the increasing frequency of tropical storms and coastal erosion. This falls under the domain of atmospheric science because it involves analyzing weather patterns and their impacts on coastal areas.

Sanya's field of study is most closely related to environmental science or ecology. She is investigating the impact of discharge from industrial plants on the pH concentration of freshwater swamps in the surrounding area. This falls under the domain of environmental science because it involves studying the interaction between human activities (industrial plant discharge) and the natural environment (freshwater swamps).

Both Daniel and Sanya's studies have interdisciplinary aspects. Daniel's study incorporates elements of geology (coastal erosion) and meteorology (tropical storms), while Sanya's study incorporates aspects of chemistry (pH concentration) and biology (freshwater swamps).

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decay rate of approximately 1.69x10^17 Bq (becquerels),

The decay rate of a radioactive sample is determined by the number  of radioactive atoms present and the decay constant, which represents the probability of decay per unit of time.

To calculate the decay rate, we multiply the number of atoms in the sample by the decay constant. In this case, the sample has 8.31x10^17 atoms and a decay constant of 0.203/s. Multiplying these values gives a decay rate of approximately 1.69x10^17 Bq (becquerels), which represents the number of decays per second in the sample.

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Answer:

reaction rate

Explanation:

The reaction rate or rate of reaction is the speed at which a chemical reaction takes place.

The word that is used to describe the reaction is kinetics, means rate of reaction.

Chemical kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is a branch of physical chemistry concerned with the rates of chemical reactions.

It contrasts with chemical thermodynamics, which deals with the direction of a reaction but tells us nothing about its rate.

The more common term is rate, and the more technical term is kinetics, kinetics being the term used to describe how fast or slow a reaction occurs.

This is a branch of chemistry concerned with the rates of change in reactant and product concentrations.

The rate constant is the rate at which reactants are converted into products. It is expressed in moles per second.

The equilibrium constant, on the other hand, is the ratio of product concentration to reactant concentration.

Thus, the word that is used to describe how fast or slow a reaction is chemical kinetics.

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Burning of wood is similar to burning of magnesium because it is a chemical change. Option A is correct.

A chemical change is a process that results in the formation of new substances with different chemical properties from the original substances. In a chemical change, the atoms and molecules of the original substances are rearranged, and chemical bonds are broken and formed to produce the new substances.

During the burning of both wood and magnesium, a chemical reaction occurs that produces new substances. In the case of wood, it is broken down into carbon dioxide, water vapor, and ash. In the case of magnesium, it reacts with oxygen to produce magnesium oxide.

Hence, A. it is a chemical change is the correct option.

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If water could freeze at a higher temperature, it would have significant effects on chemical and biological systems that contain water. The freezing point of water is an important characteristic of the molecule. If water could freeze at a higher temperature.

Furthermore, chemical systems that rely on the unique properties of water would also be affected. For example, water plays a crucial role in many chemical reactions, and its properties are carefully tuned to enable these reactions to occur. If water could freeze at a higher temperature, these properties would change, potentially altering the outcome of chemical reactions.

The formation of ice plays a crucial role in the Earth's weather and climate. A higher freezing point could alter the distribution of ice on the planet, potentially affecting weather patterns and contributing to climate change.
Changes in chemical reactions: Many chemical reactions involve water as a reactant or a solvent. A higher freezing point could alter the rates and outcomes of these reactions, potentially affecting various industries that rely on specific chemical processes.

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Firsly, we can write the numbers in scientific form:

Notice that 0.008 has no tailing zeros, so the only significant figure is "8". 51,6 has 3 significant numbers.

In a division, the result will have the same number of significant figures as the one with less significant figure.

Since the one with less is 0.008, that has only one, the result also only has one significant figure:

The required volume for 5.0 mg/l, 10 mg/l, 20 mg/l, and 50 mg/l concentrations using the same formula.

To prepare the 100 ml solutions of different concentrations, you need to perform a dilution series using the standard copper solution. The dilution formula is C1V1 = C2V2, where C1 is the initial concentration, V1 is the initial volume, C2 is the final concentration, and V2 is the final volume.

Let's calculate the required volume for each concentration:

For 1.0 mg/l:
C1 = initial concentration = unknown
V1 = initial volume = unknown
C2 = 1.0 mg/l
V2 = 100 ml

Using the dilution formula:
C1 * V1 = C2 * V2
C1 = C2 * V2 / V1
C1 = 1.0 mg/l * 100 ml / V1
V1 = (1.0 mg/l * 100 ml) / C1

Similarly, you can calculate the required volume for 5.0 mg/l, 10 mg/l, 20 mg/l, and 50 mg/l concentrations using the same formula. Remember to substitute the appropriate values for C2 and V2 each time.

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Answer: d) is correct

Explanation:

a) burning trees creates more carbon emissions

b) dead trees cannot turn co2 into oxygen and destroying them releases co2 in wood and soil

c) transpiration from plants creates 10% of the atmosphere's moisture, the rest being oceans, rivers and lakes

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

If we add more SO2 gas to the reaction chamber. To the left. The reaction would drive

backwards to re-establish equilibrium (more reactants made).

Answer:

H3PO4 + 3KOH ----> K3PO4 + 3H2O

Explanation:

The valency of K element is + 1 while that of PO4 compound is -3

Hence, at least 3 K atoms are needed to combine with PO4 to form K3PO4 compound.

Hence, the revised equation will be

H3PO4 + 3KOH ----> K3PO4 + 3H2O

Now, the number of atoms and charges of each element is a given equation are equal on both the left and right hand side.

Answer:

K = [N2] [Cl2]³ / [NCl3]²

Explanation:

The equilibrium expression, K, of a reaction:

aA + bB ⇄ cC + dD

Is defined as the ratio between the multiplication of concentrations of products powered to its reaction coefficient and the multiplication of concentrations of reactants powered to its reaction coefficient as follows:

K = [C]^c[D]^d / [A]^a[B]^b

Now, for the reaciton:

2NCl3 ⇄ N2(g) + 3Cl2(g)

K is:

K = [N2] [Cl2]³ / [NCl3]²

Answer: D convection currents

Explanation:

The seafloor spreading is a phenomena that occurs due to liberation of heat from the convection currents generated in the mantle. It makes the earth crust more plastic and less dense. This happens at divergent plate boundaries. As the plates move apart, the less denser material rises. It leads to the formation of mountain and crust cracks.

The initial amount of iodine-125 in a 500mg sample is not provided. Therefore, the only way to find the mass remaining after 300 days is to make use of the half-life and the concept of exponential decay.

The general formula for the amount remaining after time t is given by:

A(t) = A₀(1/2)^(t/h)

where A₀ is the initial amount, t is the time elapsed, h is the half-life, and A(t) is the amount remaining after time t.

In this case, we have h = 60 days and t = 300 days.

Substituting these values into the formula above, we get:

A(300) = A₀(1/2)^(300/60)A(300) = A₀(1/2)^5A(300) = A₀(1/32)

Therefore, the mass remaining after 300 days is 1/32 times the initial mass.

If we let x be the initial mass, then the mass remaining is (1/32) x

The problem states that the answer should be given in milligrams, so we must convert the mass remaining to milligrams. If the initial mass is x milligrams, then the mass remaining is:(1/32) x milligrams.

The answer is 15.625 mg.

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Answer:

true

Explanation: