What common error in handling a microscope can account for pipetting too much reagent into a tube? What errors account for under-pipetting?
Answers
The common error in handling a microscope that can account for pipetting too much reagent into a tube is not properly focusing the microscope, and the errors accounting for under-pipetting are improper pipette calibration, not holding the pipette vertically, or not fully releasing the pipette plunger when dispensing the reagent.
Not properly focusing or adjusting the microscope before viewing the sample can lead to an incorrect estimation of the sample volume needed, causing you to add more reagent than necessary.
To avoid over-pipetting:
Ensure that the microscope is properly adjusted and focused on the sample.
Double-check the required reagent volume before pipetting.
Use a pipette with the appropriate volume range for better accuracy.
The errors that can account for under-pipetting include not properly calibrating the pipette or not using the correct pipette volume for the desired amount of reagent. These can lead to an insufficient amount of reagent being added to the sample. Additionally, not properly mixing or shaking the reagent before pipetting can result in uneven distribution of the reagent and inaccurate pipetting.
To avoid under-pipetting:
Calibrate your pipette regularly to ensure accurate measurements.
Hold the pipette vertically while pipetting to avoid any angle-related discrepancies.
Ensure the pipette plunger is fully released when dispensing the reagent.
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Related Questions
PLEASE ANSWER WITH EXPLANATION
Val cut a cold apple into slices, placed the slices on a plate, and left the plate on the kitchen counter. Over the next two hours, Val observed that the apple slices started to dry out and turn brown. She also noted that the apple slices warmed to room temperature, and a couple of fruit flies started to fly around them. Which of the following would be a good Claim and Evidence explaining if a chemical or physical change occurred?
A. This is an example of a chemical change. My evidence that supports this claim is that the apple is room temperature.
B. This is an example of a chemical change. My evidence that supports this claim is that the apple changed color.
C. This is an example of a physical change. My evidence that supports this claim is that the apple changed color.
D. This is an example of a physical change. My evidence that supports this claim is that the apple is room temperature.
Answers
Answer:B
Explanation: A chemical change is something that is irreversible
Answer:
The answer is D
Explanation:
The answer is D because the apple went from being cold to the temperature of the room. No chemicals or anything were done to the apples. They were just set on the counter so this is a physical change. The apples turning room temperature was the cause of the apples turning brown, so the best answer is D.
The descriptions below explain two ways that water is used by plants on a sunny day.
I. In a process called transpiration, some liquid water in leaves changes to water vapor. The water vapor is released into the air through tiny pores in the leaves. This allows more liquid water from the soil to be pulled up the roots and stem to replace water lost from the leaves.
II. Plants use some of this water in leaves in a process called photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, water and carbon dioxide break apart and recombine to form two new substances, oxygen and glucose.
Answers
In a sunny day, the plant makes use of water through photosynthesis and transpiration.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is defined as the process by which green plants, which has chlorophyll, makes use of water and carbondioxide in the presence of sunlight as energy to form oxygen and glucose.
Transpiration is the movement is of water out of the plant through its pores located on the leaves, roots and stem. This process is increased in sunny seasons.
Therefore, In a sunny day, the plant makes use of water through photosynthesis and transpiration.
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Answer:
in transpiration, because some of its properties change, water undergoes a physical change but keeps its identity. In photosynthesis, because its identity changes, water undergoes a chemical change.
Explanation:
A sealed container of N2 gas has a pressure of 836 kPa at 54.7 ∘ C. After it is left out in the sun the pressure increases by 79.9 kPa. What is the new temperature of the container?
Answers
T1=54.7+273=327.7K
P2=836+79.9=915.9kPa
T2=?
T2=T1*P2/P1
=327.7*915.9/836
=359K=86 degree celsius
what differentiates two isotopes of a given element?
Answers
Two isotopes of any particular element differs on the count of number of neutrons present on its nucleus.
Isotopes are particular atomic species (or nuclides, as specialized term) of a similar component. They have a similar nuclear number (number of protons in their cores) and position in the occasional table (and subsequently have a place with a similar synthetic component), however contrast in nucleon numbers (mass numbers) because of various quantities of neutrons in their cores. While all isotopes of a given component have practically similar substance properties, they have different nuclear masses and actual properties.
The term isotope is framed from the Greek roots isos and topos , signifying "a similar spot"; consequently, the importance behind the name is that various isotopes of a solitary component possess a similar situation on the periodic table. It was begat by Scottish specialist and essayist Margaret Todd in 1913 in an idea to the English scientist Frederick Soddy.
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9. A 7.21g sample of lithium perchlorate (LICIO4) hydrate is heated to drive off the water. The mass of the remaning
anhydrous salt is 4.78g Find the formula of the hydrate.
Answers
The molecular formula of a compound can be defined as the formula which gives the actual number of atoms of various elements present in one molecule of the compound. Here the formula of the hydrate is
The empirical formula of a compound can be defined as the formula which gives the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of various elements present in one molecule of the compound. It is the simplest formula.
Here, Mass of hydrate = 7.21g
Mass of anhydrous salt = 4.78g
Mass of water = 7.21 - 4.78 = 2.43
molar mass of water = 18 g/mol
no.of moles in 2.43 g = 2.43 /18 = 0.135 moles
molar mass of lithium perchlorate = 106.39 g/mol
no.of moles in 4.78g =4.78 / 106.39 = 0.044 moles
Divide both by 0.044, 0.135 / 0.044 = 3.068 , 0.044 / 0.044 = 1
So the formula is LICIO₄ . 3H₂O
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atoms with greatly differing electronegativity values are expected to form
Answers
Atoms with greatly differing electronegativity values are expected to form ionic bonds.
Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. When atoms with significantly different electronegativity values come together, they tend to form ionic bonds. Ionic bonding occurs between a highly electronegative atom, known as the electron acceptor or cation, and a less electronegative atom, known as the electron donor or anion.
In an ionic bond, the electron donor atom transfers one or more electrons to the electron acceptor atom, resulting in the formation of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions. The oppositely charged ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction, creating a stable ionic compound.
The large electronegativity difference between the atoms leads to the transfer of electrons rather than their sharing, as seen in covalent bonding. Ionic compounds typically exhibit high melting and boiling points, are often solid at room temperature, and have crystalline structures. Examples of ionic compounds include sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃).
In summary, atoms with significantly different electronegativity values are expected to form ionic bonds, resulting in the creation of stable ionic compounds.
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A lab group was measuring the mass of an object. They recorded the following masses for the same object: 12.13 g, 12.12 g, 12.13 g, and 12.11 g. The actual mass of the object was 17.13 g. Which of the following best describes the lab groups results? The results were both accurate and precise. The results were accurate but not precise. The results were precise but not accurate. The results lacked both precision and accuracy.
Answers
Answer:
Precise, but not accurate
Explanation:
First, let’s define accuracy and precision.
⇒Accuracy: how close you are to the actual value
⇒Precision: how close the measurements are to each other.
Let’s examine the data given:
12.13 g, 12.12 g, 12.13 g, and 12.11 g
Each number is or is very close to 12.12 (within 0.1)
The actual mass of the object is 17.13 grams. Each measurement is about 5 grams away from the actual mass.
Since the measurements are very close to each other, but quite far from the true value, we can say the results are precise, but not accurate.
What combination of substances will give a buffered solution that has a pH of 5.05? (Assume each pair of substances is dissolved in 5.0 L of water.) (Kb for NH3 = 1.8 ´ 10–5; Kb for C5H5N = 1.7 ´ 10–9) Select one: a. 1.0 mole NH3 and 1.5 mole NH4Cl b. 1.5 mole NH3 and 1.0 mole NH4Cl c. 1.0 mole C5H5N and 1.5 mole C5H5NHCl d. 1.5 mole C5H5N and 1.0 mole C5H5NHCl e. none of these
Answers
Answer:
c. 1.0 mole C5H5N and 1.5 mole C5H5NHCl
Explanation:
We can determine pH of a buffer using H-H equation:
pH = pKa + log [A⁻] / [HA]
Where [A⁻] is concentration of conjugate base and [HA] concentration of weak acid. These concentrations can be computed as moles of each species.
We need to determine pKa of both NH₃ and C₅H₅N buffers, thus:
pKb = -log Kb
NH₃ pKb = -log 1.8x10⁻⁵ = 4.74
C₅H₅N pKb = -log 1.7x10⁻⁹ = 8.77
And pKa = 14 - pKb:
NH₃ pKa = 14 - 4.74 = 9.26
C₅H₅N pKb = 14 - 8.77 = 5.23
A buffer works only under pH's between pKa-1 and pKa + 1. As pKa NH₃ buffer is 9.23 is not possible to produce a buffer with pH 5.05 for this system.
Thus, we only will compute the buffers made with C₅H₅N:
c. 1.0 mole C5H5N (Weak base) and 1.5 mole C5H5NHCl (Conjugate acid)
pH = pKa + log [A⁻] / [HA]
pH = 5.23+ log [1.0 moles] / 1.5 moles]
pH = 5.05d. 1.5 mole C5H5N and 1.0 mole C5H5NHCl
pH = pKa + log [A⁻] / [HA]
pH = 5.23+ log [1.5 moles] / 1.0 moles]
pH = 5.41Right solution is:
c. 1.0 mole C5H5N and 1.5 mole C5H5NHClWhy are large numbers of animals found in areas where upwelling occurs
Answers
Hope this helps! ^^
What is the product of the number 1000 and the measurement 0.003 57 m expressed in the correct number of significant digits?
Answers
Answer:
3.57 m
Explanation:
Expressed in the correct number of significant digits, The product of the number 1000 and the measurement 0.00357 m will give us;
1000 × 0.00357 = 3.57 m
The correct number of significant figures is three significant figures as seen in 3.57 m
a grignard reagent is prepared when choose... reacts with choose... in the solvent choose... .
Answers
A Grignard reagent is prepared when an organohalide reacts with Magnesium in the solvent Ether.
A Grignard reagent is a chemical compound that contains a carbon atom bonded to a highly reactive magnesium atom, along with a halogen (usually bromine, chlorine or iodine) and sometimes an alkyl or aryl group. They are named after French chemist Victor Grignard, who discovered them in 1900.
Grignard reagents are highly versatile and can be used in a wide range of organic synthesis reactions, including the formation of alcohols, ketones, and carboxylic acids. They are also used in the synthesis of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and other complex organic compounds. The reaction mechanism involves the transfer of a magnesium atom to the electrophilic carbon atom of a substrate, creating a new carbon-carbon bond.
Grignard reagents are highly reactive and require careful handling, as they can react violently with water and other protic solvents, which can lead to the formation of explosive gases.
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The pH scale was designed to make it convenient to express hydrogen ion concentrations that are small in aqueous solutions. The definiton of pH is in terms of base 10 logarithms.
Answers
Answer:
a. pH = 2.22.
b. [H+] = 2.588 x 10⁻⁴ mol/L.
Explanation:
Acids and Bases => Calculating pH of Acids and Bases.
As we saw before, the formulas to find the pH based on the hydrogen ion concentration [H+], and to find the hydrogen ion concentration [H+] based on the pH are the following, respectively:
\(\begin{gathered} pH=-log\lbrack H^+], \\ \\ [H^+]=10^{-pH}. \end{gathered}\)So let's see each case:
a. To find the pH of an H+ concentration of 6.02 x 10⁻³ mol/L we use the pH formula:
\(\begin{gathered} pH=-log\lbrack6.02\cdot10^{-3}], \\ \\ pH=2.220\approx2.22. \end{gathered}\)The answer would be that the pH is 2.22.
b. To find the H+ concentration of a pH of 3.587, we use the [H+] formula:
\(\begin{gathered} \lbrack H{}^+]=10^{-3.587}, \\ \\ [H^+]=2.5882\cdot10^{-4}\text{ mol/L}\approx2.588\cdot10^{-4}\text{ mol/L.} \end{gathered}\)The answer would be that the hydrogen ion concentration [H+] = 2.588 x 10⁻⁴ mol/L.
Your teacher has tasked you with creating a presentation to the school to encourage your school-mates to decrease the environmental impact
of plastic waste. He has asked you to address the following issues:
-consequences of plastic waste
-how to "reduce, reuse, recycle."
What might you include in your presentation?
Answers
The presentation must explain the concept and show real images to engage the audience.
What should be in the presentation?Start off by grabbing your audience's attention with a compelling fact or statistic. Display pictures or movies depicting plastic garbage in the natural world, such as in landfills, the ocean, or on beaches.
Give examples of how to reduce plastic waste, such as by bringing a reusable water bottle or switching to cloth grocery bags in place of plastic ones.
Summarize your presentation's main themes and implore the audience to act.
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a group of atoms of more than one elements forms
Answers
Considering the definition of chemical compounds, a group of atoms of more than one elements forms chemical compounds.
What is a chemical compoundChemical Compounds are substances that are made up of a minimum of 2 elements that have reacted with each other to give another substance different from the initial elements. Elements are held together by what is known as a chemical bond.
In other words, a chemical compound is any substance formed by the union of two or more types of chemical elements, that is, by atoms of two or more different types of chemical elements, joined together by chemical bonds in certain proportions.
A chemical compound can be separated into its constituent elements by chemical reactions.
SummaryIn summary, a group of atoms of more than one elements forms chemical compounds.
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Select the correct answer.
0.22 M
HCI
Unknown
LiOH
What is the concentration of the base (LIOH) in this titration?
1.0 ml
0.5 ml
Initial
burette
reading
Final
burette
reading
13.3 ml
18.5 ml
OA
0.16 M
ОВ.
0.15 M
OC. 0.22 M
OD
18 M
O E
0.5 M
Daset
Answers
Answer:
=0.15M
Explanation:
To get the moles of the unknown LiOH, calculate the number of moles of HCl in 12.3mL.
Using the stoichiometric coefficient, mole ratio 1:1.
This means that the number of moles is the same. This number of moles is contained in 18mL. Then Calculate the molarity (concentration) which is in 1000mL
See the explanation from the image I have shared with you for calculations.
the ratio of the heat added to the system to the corresponding temperature change of the system is referred to as the . group of answer choices internal energy enthalpy specific heat heat capacity
Answers
The ratio of the heat added to the system to the corresponding temperature change of the system is referred to as the d) heat capacity.
Heat capacity measurementThe heat capacity present in most systems is not constant, but depends on various conditions of the thermodynamic system. The heat capacity depends on the temperature itself, as well as the pressure and volume of the system.
Various ways to measure heat capacity can be done, which are generally carried out under conditions of constant pressure or constant volume. So that the specific capacity symbol is adjusted, becoming Cp for the specific capacity at constant pressure, and CV for the specific capacity at constant volume.
Gases and liquids are generally measured at constant volume. Measurements at constant pressure will produce a larger value because the constant pressure value also includes the heat energy used to do work to expand the volume of a substance when the temperature is increased.
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What is the nature of new elements added to the periodic table in the last hundred years.
Answers
Hope this helps! :)
What is the classification of an instrument that makes sound from the substance itself?.
Answers
The classification of an instrument that makes sound from the substance itself is Idiophones.
What are instruments?Instruments are objects that are used in labs and music classes. They are the main items that help in doing work in those classes and labs. Instruments are made with technical knowledge and help in technical things.
The idiophone is an instrument that produces sound by vibrating the plates of the instrument. Under this, the instrument produces voices by themselves.
Thus, Idiophones are a type of instrument that produces sound using the substance itself.
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Flammability, and the ability to corrode, are examples of
F properties of noble gases
G physical properties
H physical changes
J chemical properties
Answers
Flammability, and the ability to corrode, are examples of J chemical properties.
Flammability a chemical property :The ability of a chemical to burn or ignite, resulting in fire or combustion, is referred to as flammability. Fire testing determines the degree of difficulties involved required to cause a chemical to burn. Materials are typically classified as highly flammable, flammable, or non-flammable.
Chemical properties :A chemical property is any property of a material that emerges during or after a chemical reaction; that really is, any quality that can only be established by changing a substance's chemical identity. A chemical property is the ability or inability to change one type of matter into another. Chemical properties involve flammability, toxicity, acidity, reactivity (of various kinds), and heat of combustion.
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The car has a rechargeable battery to drive it’s motor. The rechargeable battery provided a potential difference of 330 volts and can store up to 64 mega Jules it takes 8 hours for the battery to receive a full charge assume that the charging process is 100% efficient calculate the total charge the flows while the battery is being charged
Answers
The total charge that flows while the battery is being charged is approximately 193,939.39 Coulombs.
To calculate the total charge that flows while the battery is being charged, we can use the relationship between electrical energy, potential difference, and charge.
The electrical energy (E) stored in the battery is given as 64 mega Jules (64 MJ). The potential difference (V) provided by the battery is 330 volts. We know that the energy (E) is equal to the product of the potential difference (V) and the charge (Q):
E = V * Q
Since the charging process is 100% efficient, all the electrical energy supplied is stored in the battery. Therefore, we can rearrange the equation to solve for the charge (Q):
Q = E / V
Substituting the given values, we have:
Q = 64 MJ / 330 V
To perform the calculation, we need to convert mega Jules (MJ) to joules (J) since the SI unit of energy is joules. One mega Joule is equal to 1 million joules:
Q = (64 * 10^6 J) / 330 V
Calculating the division:
Q ≈ 193,939.39 Coulombs
Therefore, the total charge that flows while the battery is being charged is approximately 193,939.39 Coulombs.
This value represents the quantity of electric charge transferred during the charging process, and it indicates the amount of electricity that enters the battery.
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Who was the first person to come up with the idea of the "atom?"
Answers
Answer:
Democritus
Explanation:
Democritus first introduced the idea of the atom almost 2500 years ago. Democritus was an important philosopher however if your talking about how the atom is today look at first rudimentary pudding model by JJ Thomson first design then its Neils Bohr whos model we look at today
The first mass extinction that occurred between the Paleozoic and the Mesozoic Era,
caused the extinction of which organism?
O Wooly mammoth
O Dinosaurs
O Trilobites
Flying Reptiles
Answers
Answer:
O Trilobites
Explanation:
The first mass extinction that occurred between the Paleozoic and the Mesozoic era caused the extinction of the trilobites.
Extinction are catastrophic events that causes the loss of organisms on the earth surface. Several factors can lead to extinction.
The first mass extinction took place between the Paleozoic and the Mesozoic era. This wiped out one of the most successful organism on the earth surface at that time. They were the trilobites.3.6 x 10^-3/2.1 x 10^6= 1.7 x 10^9
Answers
Answer:
(3.6×10^(-3))/(2.1×10^6) = 1.7×10^9 = False
Explanation:
8)
How many molecules are there in 230 grams of CoCl2?
Answers
Answer:
1.07x10^24
Explanation:
thats the answer
Therefore, the number of mole will be 1.065 × \(10^{24}\).
What is mole?
A mole is the quantity of a substance containing 6.023 x \(10^{23}\) particles of that substance. The mole is really the SI unit for a substance's quantity.
It is given that, mass of 230 gram of CoCl2.
Moles = mass / molar mass
Put the value of given data in mole formula.
Moles = 230 / 129.8
Moles = 1.77
It is known that, 1 mole = 6.02 × \(10^{23}\) molecule.
Hence, 177 moles = 6.02 × \(10^{23}\) × 1.77 = 10.65 × \(10^{23}\) .
Therefore, the number of mole will be 1.065 × \(10^{24}\).
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Can someone answer this question really quick
Where do igneous rocks form?
Select all that apply.
Responses
A. Igneous rocks form on Earth’s surface where magma reaches the surface.Igneous rocks form on Earth’s surface where magma reaches the surface.
B. Igneous rocks form underneath Earth’s surface where magma cools down within the crust.Igneous rocks form underneath Earth’s surface where magma cools down within the crust.
C. Igneous rocks form within Earth’s mantle where magma is typically found.Igneous rocks form within Earth’s mantle where magma is typically found.
D. Igneous rocks form in Earth’s inner core where magma solidifies under heat and pressure.
Answers
The correct responses for where igneous rocks form are B. Igneous rocks form underneath Earth’s surface where magma cools down within the crust, and C.Option b is correct.
Igneous rocks form within Earth’s mantle where magma is typically found.Option A, "Igneous rocks form on Earth’s surface where magma reaches the surface," is incorrect. Rocks formed from magma that reaches the surface are called extrusive or volcanic igneous rocks.
Option D, "Igneous rocks form in Earth’s inner core where magma solidifies under heat and pressure," is also incorrect. The Earth's inner core is composed mainly of solid iron and nickel, and it is not the location where igneous rocks form.
Igneous rocks are formed when molten magma cools and solidifies. This process primarily occurs within the Earth's crust and mantle. Intrusive or plutonic igneous rocks are formed when magma cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface, while extrusive or volcanic igneous rocks are formed when magma reaches the surface and cools quickly.Option b is correct.
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What is the answer?
Answers
Answer:
Option A
Explanation:
The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
true or false: resonance is considered to be a stabilizing feature. select answer from the options below true false
Answers
The given statement "Resonance is considered to be a stabilizing feature' is true because it allows for the delocalization of electrons, which spreads out the electron density and makes the molecule more stable.
Resonance is considered to be a stabilizing feature because it allows for delocalization of electrons, which spreads out the electron density and makes the molecule more stable. Resonance occurs when a molecule or ion can be represented by two or more Lewis structures that have the same arrangement of atoms but different arrangements of electrons.
In these cases, the actual structure of the molecule or ion is a hybrid of the different Lewis structures, and the electrons are delocalized over the entire molecule or ion. This delocalization of electrons results in greater stability because it lowers the energy of the system by spreading out the negative charge. Therefore, resonance is considered to be a stabilizing feature, and it is an important concept in organic chemistry and biochemistry.
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Can someone help with question 8
Answers
Explanation: homogeneous is a mixture that is evenly distributed throughout
A solute gets dissolved
A solution is a mixture of solutes and solvents
A solvent does the dissolving
Those are the ones that i know for sure good luck on the rest!
Answer: ANSWERS LABELED BELOW.
Homogeneous- B. Mixture that is evenly distributed throughout
Heterogeneous- D. mixture of polar and non-polar liquids
Solution- F.Mixture containing a solute and solvent
Solvent-A.does the dissolving
Solute- E.Gets Dissolved
Supersaturated- C. More than the normal amount of solute dissolved
Hope This Helps. I added a photo for a better explanation. Good Luck.
How would the 2s and 3p orbitals differ from the 1s and 2p orbitals?.
Answers
Answer:
The 2s and 3p orbitals would have more nodes than 1s and 2p orbitals.
p orbitals would have same shape, but 3p would be larger
s orbitals would have same shape, but 2s would be larger
Explanation:
how much energy is required to take a 15.0-g sample of ice at −15.0 °c to liquid water at 45.0 °c?
Answers
8.30 kJ. I hope this helps!
The energy is required to take a 15.0-g sample of ice at −15.0 °c to liquid water at 45.0 °c is 8.30kj.
What is enthalpy ?The term enthalpy is defined as the sum of the system's internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume.
Ice warming Cs = 2.09 J/g∙°C
Enthalpy of fusion ∆H = 6.02 kJ/mol
Liquid water warming Cs = 4.18 J/g∙°C
Enthalpy of vaporization ∆H = 40.7 kJ/mol
Steam Warming Cs = 2.01 J/g∙°C
Step 1: Warm ice from −15.0°C to 0°C.
q1 = 470.25 joule
Step 2: Melt ice.
q2 = 5016.66
Step 3: Warm liquid water from 0°C to 45.0°C.
q3 = 2821.5 joule
The total energy is the sum of the energy of each step.
q = q1 + q2 + q3
= 470.25 + 5016.66 + 2821.5
= 8.30kj
Thus, energy is required to take a 15.0-g sample of ice at −15.0 °c to liquid water at 45.0 °c is 8.30kj.
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