What happens when two populations become geographically separated from each other and then genetic divergence occurs?.

Organelles found in plant cells called chloroplasts use the photosynthetic process to change light energy into relatively stable chemical energy.

Through the processes of photosynthesis and oxygen release, chloroplasts provide energy that supports plant growth and crop yield. As a result, active substances such amino acids, phytohormones, nucleotides, vitamins, lipids, and secondary metabolites are produced by chloroplasts.

They maintain life on Earth in this way. Additionally, chloroplasts support a variety of metabolic processes in plant cells, such as the creation of fatty acids and membrane lipids.

Learn more about chloroplast here:

https://brainly.com/question/1741612#:~:text=Expert%2DVerified%20Answer&text=The%20chloroplast%20is%20an%20organelle,for%20the%20process%20of%20photosynthesis.

#SPJ1

The oldest of the supercontinents is called Rodinia and was formed during Precambrian between 1.1 billion and 750 million years ago. It as formed from parts of older and poorly inderstood supercontinents, being broken in the first period of the Neoproteozoic (Tonian Period). The scientists hypothesize that Rodinia as formed during the Proterozoic eon.

Answer:

I had a long answer that I would have loved to share but I can't because brainly does not like the words using and there is no way around it,  tried using every synonym on the internet... LOL sorry

Spirogyra tends to grow in water in the spring, but when there is enough sunlight and warmth, it produces large quantities of oxygen, which adheres as bubbles between the tangled filaments. The filamentous masses reach the surface and appear as slimy green mats.

Spirogyra is free-floating green algae discovered in freshwater environments worldwide.

Spirogyras are filamentous algae with thin linear polymer chains of cylindrical cells that are named after their beautiful spiral chloroplasts.

Spirogyra is prized for human consumption in so many Asian countries and is recognized as an essential component of natural bioactive compounds used for antibiotic, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and many more purposes.

In the spring, Spirogyra grows in water, but if it has enough sunlight and coziness, it produces large amounts of oxygen, which abides as bubbles seen between tangled filaments.

When the filamentous masses reach the surface, they form slimy green mats.

In a dry pond, using cell wall, it can survive and can get revive as the rain renew the pond.

Thus, this way spirogyra survive in a dry pond.

For more details regarding spirogyra, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/14570817

#SPJ2

Answer:

1) morphology

2) speciation

3) species

4) vestigal

Explanation:

Morphology is the study of forms or the physical appearance of organisms.

Speciation is the splitting of lineage into distinct species capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

Species is a group of organisms that are genetically related and share features and characteristics. They are capable of interbreeding and produce live offsprings.

Vestigal organs are organs that have lost their function over time, they are usually small and underdeveloped. Example is the human tail bone.

The letter "e" is often used to indicate the process of transcription in gene expression. Transcription is the process by which the genetic information encoded in DNA is copied into RNA. This process is initiated by the binding of RNA polymerase to a specific region of DNA called the promoter.

The RNA polymerase then unwinds the DNA helix and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand using one of the DNA strands as a template. Transcription is a crucial step in gene expression because it allows the information encoded in the DNA to be transferred to RNA, which can then be used to synthesize proteins or other functional molecules.

The RNA molecule can be further processed, including modifications like splicing, before it is translated into protein by the ribosome.  Overall, gene expression involves a complex series of molecular processes that allow the genetic information encoded in DNA to be used to produce functional molecules and determine the phenotype of an organism.

To know more about gene please visit:

https://brainly.com/question/8832859

#SPJ11

Answer:

it is water

please don't reward him, he is just plain rude

Explanation:

The most effective antibody class for preventing the colonization of mucosal pathogens, such as Vibrio cholera, in the intestinal tract is IgA, the correct option is A.

IgA is the primary antibody found in secretions of mucosal surfaces, including the gut, and it plays a crucial role in preventing infections by neutralizing pathogens and preventing their attachment to host cells.

Therefore, the most effective vaccine design for preventing infection by mucosal pathogens, such as Vibrio cholera, would aim to induce a strong mucosal IgA response in addition to a systemic IgG response to ensure complete protection against the pathogen, the correct option is A.

To learn more about Vibrio follow the link:

https://brainly.com/question/29351868

#SPJ4

The complete question is:

If you were to design a vaccine to prevent infection by a mucosal pathogen, such as vibrio cholera, which antibody class would be most effective in preventing colonization in the intestinal tract?

A) IgA

B) IgE

C) IgD

D) IgM

E) IgG

Numerous examples of this human-induced contemporary evolution have been reported in a number of 'contexts', including hunting, harvesting, fishing, agriculture, medicine, climate change, pollution, eutrophication, urbanization, habitat fragmentation, biological invasions and emerging/disappearing diseases.

The consumption of the infective larval stage encysted on aquatic plants that have not been cooked results in an infection with Fasciolopsis buski. This parasitic worm is the cause of fasciolopsiasis, which is a type of foodborne illness that affects humans.

Fasciolopsis buski is the name of the parasite. If aquatic plants containing Fasciolopsis buski cysts are consumed, the larval stage is released into the body of the individual who ingested them. They reach the small intestine via the blood. The larva penetrates the intestinal wall and enters the abdominal cavity, where it migrates to the liver, where it matures. The infected person may feel pain in the upper right abdomen as well as digestive issues like diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.

Thus ingesting uncooked aquatic plants that have been infected with the infective larval stage encysted on them results in an infection with Fasciolopsis buski, which can cause fasciolopsiasis.

To know more about parasite visit:

brainly.com/question/30669005

#SPJ11

Consumption of the infective larval stage encysted on aquatic plants results in infection with Fasciola hepatica (option B).

Fasciola hepatica is a trematode commonly known as the liver fluke. This parasite can infect different animals including cattle and humans. The most common way of infection is through the consumption of raw aquatic plants as these have encysted the larval stage of the parasite or the infective state.

Due to this, cooking aquatic plants in the case of humans or avoiding animals to pasture in possible infected areas prevents transmission.

Note: Here are the missing options:

A. Clonorchis sinensis

B. Fasciola hepatica

C. Heterophyes heterophyes

D. Paragonimus westermani

Learn more about parasites in https://brainly.com/question/30669005

#SPJ4

Prior to discovery of genetic of archaic-modern interbreeding, the Out of Africa model was widely accepted explanation for the origins of modern Homo sapiens.  

This model posited that anatomically modern humans evolved in Africa around 200,000 years ago and then migrated out of Africa, replacing all other archaic human populations without interbreeding.

This model was supported by fossil evidence, which showed a clear progression from archaic to modern humans in Africa, as well as by genetic studies of modern populations, which indicated that all non-African populations are more closely related to each other than to any African population.

However, the discovery of genetic and morphological evidence of interbreeding between modern humans and archaic populations such as Neanderthals and Denisovans has led to a revision of the Out of Africa model. It is now recognized that there was not a simple replacement of archaic populations by modern humans, but rather a complex interplay of interbreeding and population movements.

Without the discovery of this evidence, the Out of Africa model would likely have remained the dominant explanation for modern human origins, although it may have been refined and modified over time as new data became available.  

Learn more about interbreeding brainly.com/question/30626912

#SPJ11

Answer:

Flood barriers are very affordable, lightweight metal barriers may be installed in different places and taken away when water disappears.

Explanation:

Answer:

use of public transport

Explanation:

to avoid traffic and too many cars on the road

Three methods of point pollution control are

1. To use less toxic or non-toxic chemicals

2. To use public transport and avoid personal vehicle

3. Say no to plastic bags

Water Pollution is the contamination of the water bodies by human activities causing water unusable for drinking, cooking, etc. It contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of water, degrading water quality and making toxic to humans or the environment.

Types of Water Pollution

1. Groundwater pollution

2. Surface water Pollution

3. Ocean water pollution

4. Point source pollution

5. Non-point source

It is mainly caused by

1. Industrial waste

2. Oils leak and spills

3. Global warming

4. Agriculture

It can be controlled by not using chemical fertilizers in the agricultural field, use the minimum amount of detergents or bleach near water bodies.

So, there are three methods of point pollution control are

1. To use less toxic or non-toxic chemicals

2. To use public transport and avoid personal vehicle

3. Say no to plastic bags

Learn more about Water pollution, here:

https://brainly.com/question/19920929

#SPJ2

Answer:

Results in the evolution of the species: Directional selection

Results in new species: Disruptive selection

Favors traits at the two extremes: Disruptive selection

No increase in diversity: Directional selection

One extreme trait is favored: Directional selection

Diversity decreases: Stabilizing selection

Diversity increases: Disruptive selection

Explanation:

Directional selection which is also known as positive selection is known to be a mode of natural selection. In this type of selection, an extreme phenotype is favored over other phenotypes. This makes the allele frequency to move in the direction of that phenotype and this takes place over time.

Disruptive selection (known to be diversifying selection) talks about the certain changes in the population genetics whereby extreme values of a particular trait are favored over intermediate values. This results in new species.

While Stabilizing selection is a natural selection whereby there is a stabilization of the population mean on the particular value of a non-extreme trait. Here the diversity is decreases.

Answer:  A) directional selection

                B) disruptive selection

               B) disruptive selection

               A) directional selection

               A) directional selection

               C) stabilizing selection

               B) disruptive selection

Explanation:   :)

Answer:

I say it is making proteins using instructions from DNA

Explanation:

i hope it helps

The Sun's energy contribute to the carbon cycle as it provides the necessary energy for the plants to photosynthesize. Thus, the correct option is A.

The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle through which carbon atom is exchanged among the different zones such as biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth. Carbon is the main component of the biological compounds as well as a major component of many of the minerals such as limestone.

The Sun's energy contribute to the carbon cycle and it is important because the Sun provides necessary energy for plants to photosynthesize.

Therefore, the correct option is A.

Learn more about Carbon cycle here:

https://brainly.com/question/1627609

#SPJ2

Answer:

Pretty good! How about you?

Explanation:

- Akito

Answer:

bout to be banned from brainly hbu?

The pesticide could harm the biotic factors in the pond and change the physical and chemical characteristics of the pond.

Biotic factors are otherwise known as living factors. They are simply living organisms found in an environment.

Abiotic factors refer to the nonliving factors of an environment. They could be soil factors, climatic factors, etc.

The biotic factors in a pond include all the living organisms inhabiting the pond. The abiotic factors include the pH, salinity, solute concentration, turbidity, etc, of the pond.

Thus, if a pesticide is washed down a pond, it could alter the abiotic factors of the pond and harm the biotic factors of the pond.

More on biotic and abiotic factors can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/11274302

#SPJ1

The ability to respond to demands by altering cardiac output threefold or fourfold is called "cardiac reserve".

The term that best fits the definition given is cardiac reserve. Cardiac reserve is defined as the ability of the heart to increase cardiac output to meet the demands placed on it during exercise, stress, hypovolemia, or other conditions. It is a measure of the heart's ability to adapt and respond to changing physiological demands. A healthy individual has a significant cardiac reserve, which means that their heart can increase its output threefold or fourfold above resting levels when needed. This is an important factor in maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease.

Learn more about “  cardiac reserve. “ visit here;

https://brainly.com/question/15152948

#SPJ4

Explanation:

the female XHXh is actually the carrier I think... not 100% sure

Rett syndrome is an X-linked dominant disorder that means a dominant allele is required to affect the individual, but this condition is not applied to females.

An Allele may be defined as one or two or more alternate forms of a particular gene.

In Rett syndrome, Females require both the dominant form of alleles to cause the disorder i.e. \(X^HX^H\), while \(X^HX^h\) is a condition of carrier females.

In the case of males, there is only one X-chromosome, so only one dominant allele is sufficient to cause the disorder i.e. \(X^HY\).

Therefore, it is well described. To understand more, refer to the Punnett square given below.

To learn more about X-linked dominant disorder, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/14665388

#SPJ2

Answer:

The compression waves or the P waves exert force in the path of propagation whereas, in shear waves, the action of the medium is vertical to the path of propagation of waves.

Therefore the P wave can travel easily while the S wave will get absorbed.

To learn more about P-waves and S-waves follow the given link:

https://brainly.com/question/11431400

In general, the more similar genes (or amino acid changes in the proteins they express) that are different between two species, the more unrelated the two species are to one another.

A gene shared by two closely related animals should have similar, or even identical, amino acid sequences as the DNA sequence dictates a protein's amino acid composition. This is due to the fact that lately in the evolutionary timeline, closely related species are most likely to have separated from one another.

By way of natural selection, life history patterns develop and are a "optimization" of trade-offs between growth, survival, and reproduction. One trade-off is between the quantity of children produced and the energy invested in each offspring.

learn more about DNA sequence

https://brainly.com/question/26225212

#SPJ1

Euglenozoa are monophyletic group of flagellated protists as well as free-living, symbiotic, and parasitic species. According to genetic studies, Euglenozoa are meither plant nor animal despite the suffix zoa. They are somewhat the living dependent of a few of the primal unicellular organisms called eukaryotes. It is also a genus of unicellular flagellate protists where the word "unicellular" means that the organism consists of one cell only that's why they're not considered plant or animals.

Monocot primary stem is composed of several vascular boundaries immerse in the parenchymatous tissue. A: Epidermis. B: Fundamental tissue/Parenchimatous tissue. C: Phloem. D: Xylem.

The primary structure of monocot stems has several vascular bundles distributed in the parenchyma tissue.

This is the fundamental tissue. Since monocots have bundles dispersed everywhere, it is difficult to differentiate the medulla and the cortex.

The fundamental tissue is composed of several parenchymatous cells. that store food.

This is a single-celled layer of parenchymatous cells.

It protects the stem, and is closely associated with the cuticle.

The hypodermis is located just below the epidermis. It is constituted of more than one parenchymatous cell layer.

It provides mechanical strength to the stem.

These are made of xylem and phloem cells. Their arrangement in bundles is always the same:

- Xylem faces the interior of the stem,

- Phloem is facing the exterior.

Vascular bundles are located everywhere in the stem

Phloem

Composed of sieve tubes and companion cells.

Its function is to transport photosynthetic products to different parts of the plant where they are being used or stored.

Xylem

Composed of metaxylem vessels and protoxylem vessels.

These vessels transport water and nutrients from the ground to the whole plant.

According to this information, the correct labels are,

A → Epidermis

B → Fundamental tissue. Parenchima tissue.

C → Phloem

D → Xylem

You can learn more about the primary structure of monocot stems at

https://brainly.com/question/1542995

https://brainly.com/question/13870492

#SPJ1

RNA molecules do not synthesize DNA from amino acids, but they can serve as ribozymes in the reverse transcription of RNA to DNA, and they play a crucial role in protein synthesis as part of the ribosome.

The RNA molecule acts as a template for synthesizing DNA through reverse transcription, which is an RNA-dependent DNA synthesis reaction. RNA molecules may also serve as ribozymes in this scenario. Ribozymes are RNA molecules that function as enzymes, catalyzing various chemical reactions in the cell, just like enzymes made up of proteins. Some ribozymes can use RNA templates to synthesize new RNA molecules, while others can use RNA templates to synthesize DNA molecules.Since DNA contains genetic material and information, it became the primary source of genetic information in organisms, while RNA remained involved in catalyzing biochemical reactions. The RNA world hypothesis suggests that RNA preceded DNA in early life on Earth, serving both as genetic material and a catalyst for the formation of other molecules necessary for life.

The discovery of ribozymes has provided evidence that RNA may have played an even more prominent role in early life than previously thought. RNA molecules do not synthesize DNA from amino acids. Instead, ribosomes, which are made up of RNA and proteins, synthesize proteins from amino acids. RNA templates are used by ribosomes to direct the assembly of amino acids into the appropriate order to produce a functional protein. In summary, RNA molecules do not synthesize DNA from amino acids, but they can serve as ribozymes in the reverse transcription of RNA to DNA, and they play a crucial role in protein synthesis as part of the ribosome.

To know more about RNA molecules visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/14758987

#SPJ11

Answer:

Photoautotrophs and Chemoautotrophs.

Explanation:

The Photoautotrophs process uses sunlight or photosynthesis.

The Chemoautotrophs process uses chemicals.

Answer:

"Carrying capacity can be defined as a species' average population size in a particular habitat. The species population size is limited by environmental factors like adequate food, shelter, water, and mates. If these needs are not met, the population will decrease until the resource rebounds".

Answer:

Because of environmental factors.

Explanation:

A mass extinction event affects biodiversity on the earth as during the time of extinction there is a rapid decrease in the diversity of life.

At a basic level, mass extinctions reduce diversity by killing specific lineages, and along with them, any descendant species they might have given rise to.

But mass extinction can also play a pioneering role in evolution, sparking the growth of other branches. Mass extinctions, by removing so many species from their ecosystems in a short time, reduce competition for resources and leave behind many uninhabited niches, which sustaining lineages can evolve into.

In the past half-billion years, Earth has been hit again and again by mass extinctions, eradicating most species on the planet. These events were devastating.

But life bounced back and the recovery was speedy.

The marking of recovery and diversification happened after every mass extinction.

Learn more about mass extinction here:

https://brainly.com/question/9352188

#SPJ4

Answer:

Gibberellin

Explanation:

I've studied that gibberellin is a plant hormone that promotes cell elongation and division, causing the cells in the leaves to elongate and divide more, this leads to an increase in leaf size.

Hope it helps! :)

The plant hormone that helps in increasing the leaf size is the phytohormone Auxin .

Plants create signalling molecules called plant hormones, which are found in low concentration. All  plant's growth and progression are regulated by plant hormones.

There are basically five types of plant hormones that are considered to be essential for plant growth . They are Auxin , Cytokinin , Gibberellin , ABA , Ethylene .

The Cytokinin and Auxin work together to enhance the development of leaf as both of the phytohormones are responsible to modulate the growth of leaf as well  as controlling the cell cycle . These hormones are considered essential for plant growth and it occur naturally at various concentrations within plants throughout the duration .

To learn more about Auxin

https://brainly.com/question/16939476

Answer:

C. Radioactive dating

I know this because radioactive dating is done by examining the atomic particles found in an object. The atomic particles decay over time at a predictable rate. Scientists are able to measure the rate of decay to establish the age of the fossil, organism, and/or material.

Answer:   C. Radioactive dating

I know this because radioactive dating is done by examining the atomic particles found in an object. The atomic particles decay over time at a predictable rate. Scientists are able to measure the rate of decay to establish the age of the fossil, organism, and/or material.

Explanation:  i got it right on the test. mark as brainly

Answer:

The sun

Explanation:

That's how the sky is blue.