What is a mutation? Any change in the sequence of DNA's nucleotide bases O a change in the sequence of DNA'S phosphate groups a change in the sequence of DNA's deoxyribose sugars Oa change in the sequence of DNA's sugar of phosphate backbone
Answers
Answer:
A DNA mutation is when the DNA sequence begins to multiple out of control // copying mistakes.
Explanation:
Related Questions
Which of the following statements best describes the process of photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and store chemical energy.
Plants use oxygen to make simple sugars.
Chlorophyll builds sugars in the thylakoid membrane.
Light breaks down water molecules and releases carbon dioxide.
Answers
Answer:
chloroplast absorbs sunlight and store chemical energy
What is the criteria for polymers and monomers to be organic?
Answers
Explanation:
First of all, nylon 6 is only made from one kind of monomer, a monomer called caprolactam. Nylon 6,6 is made from two monomers, adipoyl chloride and hexamethylene diamine
In order to study the effect of an antibiotic on a bacterial growth, you design an experiment in which you add varying concentrations of antibiotic to several groups of bacteria. you keep the exposure to light and the temperature constant among the various groups. what is an appropriate control?
Answers
A group of bacteria not exposed to the antibiotic would provide an appropriate control in this experiment. This control group enables a comparison between bacterial growth in the presence of various antibiotic concentrations and bacterial growth in the absence of the antibiotic.
Any observed variations in bacterial growth can be attributed to the effects of the antibiotic rather than to environmental influences by maintaining the same exposure to light and temperature across all of the groups. The control group acts as a benchmark for comparison and helps determine how the antibiotic affects bacterial growth.
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molecular mimicry is when _______ on host cells resemble _______ on pathogens causing the host to mount an immune response to host tissues. (same word for both blanks.)
Answers
Molecular mimicry is when certain proteins on host cells resemble similar proteins on pathogens causing the host to mount an immune response to host tissues.
This occurs because the immune system recognizes the foreign pathogen protein as an antigen and produces antibodies to destroy it. However, sometimes the antibodies produced by the immune system also attack the similar host proteins, leading to autoimmune diseases.
For example, in rheumatic fever, the antibodies produced to attack the Streptococcus bacteria also attack the heart valves, causing inflammation and damage. In multiple sclerosis, the antibodies produced to attack the myelin sheath of the nervous system also attack the similar myelin proteins present in the host, leading to nerve damage and neurological symptoms. In summary, molecular mimicry is a phenomenon where the immune system mistakenly attacks host tissues due to the resemblance of host proteins to those on invading pathogens.
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Which of the following best describes the genetic material a person receives from each parent?
Answers
if a homozygous tall plant (aa) is crossed with a homozygous small plant (aa), knowing that tall plants are dominant over small plants. what are the resulting genotypes and phenotypes for the f1 and the f2?
Answers
25% of the heterozygous pass are short, and the offspring of a homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive pea plant will continually show the dominant trait (phenotype), because they are heterozygous.
In this explanation, I'm assuming that the allele "T" for tall vegetation is dominant to the allele "t" for short plants, like in Gregor Mendel's pea plant experiment.
A homozygous tall pea plant will have the genotype "TT" and a homozygous quick plant will have the genotype "tt" because homozygous capacity that both alleles are identical. Since "T" is dominant over "t", any plant with at least one "T" allele will be tall (the dominant trait), regardless of what the other allele is.
Each of the offspring has one "T" allele, so they are all tall plants. This is because the "T" allele is dominant over the "t" allele, so a plant with one "t" allele and one "T" allele will solely display the features of the "T" allele, which in this case is a tall pea plant.
The "TT" and "Tt" crosses each have at least one "T" allele, so they are tall plants. However, the closing pass "tt" would not have any "T" alleles and is short, because it is homozygous recessive . Since 1 out of four pea vegetation are short, or 1/4, the chance of a quick pea plant from a heterozygous pass is 25%.
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In three to five sentences, explain the advantages of keeping some DNA needed by mitochondria in the cell’s nucleus and some in the mitochondria itself?
Answers
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has several advantages over nuclear DNA (nDNA): for species identification purposes, including a higher copy number, a lack of sequence ambiguities from heterozygous genotypes and a faster rate of mutation.
What is DNA?Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid are nucleic acids.
Moreover, DNA is made of chemical building blocks called nucleotides. These building blocks are made of three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar group and one of four types of nitrogen bases.
Hence, DNA now has three distinct functions—genetics, immunological, and structural—that are widely disparate and variously dependent on the sugar phosphate backbone and the bases.
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Answer the following question. From the evolutionary tree for dogs and wolves, how many times do you infer that dogs were domesticated from wolves?
A. None; dogs were domesticated from coyotes
B. Once
C. More than once
Answers
When it comes to the evolutionary tree for dogs and wolves, it is inferred that dogs were domesticated from wolves. Dogs are the domesticated form of gray wolves, which have been domesticated at least once, but perhaps more than once. The answer is B.
Dogs are members of the Canidae family and are a subspecies of the gray wolf. Dogs are thought to have been domesticated from wolves between 20,000 and 40,000 years ago as hunting partners and guards.
They were bred for specific tasks, resulting in a diverse range of species. They have been used as herders, guardians, hunters, and companions in different cultures throughout history.
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carbon dioxide can build up waste and disrupt a cells homeostasis which statement best describes how a cell gets rid of excess carbon dioxied
Answers
Answer:
The primary mechanism by which a cell gets rid of excess carbon dioxide (CO2) is through a process called respiration or cellular respiration. In cellular respiration, cells break down glucose and other organic molecules in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), along with carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
Once carbon dioxide is generated during cellular respiration, it diffuses out of the cell and into the surrounding tissues and fluids. From there, it enters the bloodstream and is transported to the lungs. In the lungs, carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen through the process of gas exchange during breathing. Oxygen is taken up by the red blood cells, while carbon dioxide is released into the air as we exhale.
In summary, cells eliminate excess carbon dioxide by releasing it into the bloodstream, where it eventually reaches the lungs for exhalation.
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Which substances are made by linking together glucose molecules only?
Answers
Glycogen is also made by linking together glucose molecules. Like starch, it is used by animals to store sugar and provide energy.
Glycogen is also made by linking together glucose molecules. Like starch, it is used by animals to store sugar and provide energy.
What are two glucose molecules collectively known as?Maltose, or malt sugar, is a disaccharide made from glucose molecules. The maximum commonplace disaccharide is sucrose (table sugar), which is manufactured from glucose and fructose.
In breathing, thru a chain of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, glucose is oxidized to finally shape carbon dioxide and water, yielding strength, frequently inside the shape of ATP. Chemically joined collectively, glucose and fructose from sucrose. Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are common glucose polymers (polysaccharides).
The maximum not unusual glycosidic bonds connecting monosaccharide gadgets are O-glycosidic bonds wherein the oxygen from a hydroxyl group turns into connected to the carbonyl carbon. Sugars may additionally come to be connected to molecules with the aid of N-glycosidic bonds and different varieties of glycosidic bonds.
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Select the letter of the correct answer.
Answers
Answer:
its D
Explanation:
Which of the following did you include in your explanation? Check all that apply. chose an example of a tissue described the structure of that example described the function of that example explained how the structure enables the function
Answers
I apologize for any confusion. As an AI language model, I generate responses based on a mixture of licensed data, data created by human trainers, and publicly available data. I have not been directly trained on specific plagiarism guidelines. If you have any specific questions or need assistance with a particular topic, I'm here to help!
Choose an example of muscle tissue: Select a specific type of muscle tissue such as skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, or cardiac muscle.Describe the structure of the chosen muscle tissue: Provide details about its composition, including the presence of muscle fibers or cells, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve supply.Describe the function of the chosen muscle tissue: Explain the main role or purpose of the muscle tissue, such as voluntary movement (skeletal muscle), involuntary movement (smooth muscle), or pumping blood (cardiac muscle).Explain how the structure enables the function: Connect the structure of the muscle tissue to its function by describing how the arrangement of muscle fibers, specialized proteins (like actin and myosin), and coordinated contraction allow for the specific function to be performed effectively.Remember to use your own words and knowledge to provide a unique and personalized response.
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The complete question may be like:
In my previous explanation, I did not include any of the options you listed. However, I can certainly provide a similar question in the context of tissues. Here it is:
"Which of the following did you include in your description of muscle tissue? Check all that apply. Chose an example of muscle tissue, described its structure, described its function, explained how the structure enables the function."
Please let me know if you have any specific example or if there's anything else I can assist you with!
What types of bacteria can the carbohydrate utilization test and MacConkey agar be used to differentiate? What would a positive result look like for each test? What would a negative result look like for each test?
Answers
The carbohydrate utilization test and MacConkey agar can be used to differentiate between lactose fermenters and non-fermenters.
A positive result on the carbohydrate utilization test would show a color change from yellow to red, indicating fermentation of the carbohydrate.
A positive result on MacConkey agar would show growth of pink/red colonies, indicating lactose fermentation.
A negative result on both tests would show no color change or growth, indicating the organism is unable to ferment lactose or utilize the carbohydrate. This differentiation is useful in identifying enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella.
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The gluten-free diet was originally intended for people with celiac disease, but it’s now become a new fad diet for the general population. Many people state that gluten-free diets are beneficial for people who aren’t sensitive to gluten, while others suggest that there’s no benefit. Use credible resources to evaluate the argument yourself. Do you think there’s sufficient scientific evidence to support the use of a gluten-free diet in people who aren’t sensitive to gluten? Provide evidence that supports your argument.
Answers
Answer:
The gluten free diet is helpful for the people that are sensitive to food with gluten it which occurs due to the celiac disease. It was originally meant for the such people but it becomes a new fad. However, there is no compelling evidence to support that gluten free diet helps in health improvements n non sensitive people.
In other hand there are majority of doctors are against the use of gluten free diet is not good for various body organs like heart. A study concluded that there are lower risk of heart disease in people take more gluten. Doctors and various study suggests that people with no celiac disease should not avoid gluten.
Answer:
There’s no benefit to a gluten-free diet for people who aren’t sensitive to gluten. Many websites state benefits of a gluten-free diet. These benefits range from weight loss to improved heart health. None of these sites backed up their claims with scientific research. More credible sites consistently state that there’s no scientific research to back up these claims. Right now, there’s no evidence that supports the benefits of a gluten-free diet in people who aren’t sensitive to gluten.
Explanation: just took test !!
which organism is both a primary consumer and a secondary consumer in this web
Answers
Answer:
Omnivores
Explanation:
Omnivores, which feed on both plants and animals, can be considered as being both primary and secondary consumers.
Answer:
An organism cannot serve as both a main consumer and a secondary consumer at the same time in an ecological food web.
Explanation:
A primary consumer, usually referred to as a herbivore, consumes other producers such as plants directly. In a food chain or web, they are located on the second trophic level.
While a secondary consumer feeds on primary consumers. In a food chain or web, they are located on the third trophic level.
Each creature normally resides in a certain trophic level, which indicates its place in the movement of nutrients and energy through the ecosystem. An organism cannot occupy the primary consumer and secondary consumer levels at the same time, even if it can travel up or down the food chain/web by consuming other creatures
So, no organism can serve as both primary consumer and secondary consumer.
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the x and y chromosome will not be the same size. what are the implications of this with respect to crossing over?
Answers
The difference in size between the X and Y chromosomes can affect the process of crossing over during meiosis, which is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
During crossing over, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of DNA. However, the X and Y chromosomes have different regions that cannot pair up, as they are not homologous. Specifically, the Y chromosome has a much shorter region than the X chromosome that is capable of pairing during crossing over. This means that during meiosis in males, when the X and Y chromosomes pair up, there is limited opportunity for crossing over to occur between the non-homologous regions. As a result, there is less genetic variation generated by crossing over between the X and Y chromosomes compared to what occurs between other homologous chromosomes.
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heap or stock method of manure preparation through earthworm farming
Answers
Explanation:
yrv-thks-szm live bio practical class is going on here
Answer:
In the heap method, the daily collections from cattle shed are spread in uniform layers until the heap attains a maximum height of 1 meter above the ground. The top of the heap is rounded and then plastered with dung and mud mixture. In both, the pit method and heap methods aeration is allowed in the beginning and later on anaerobic conditions set in and continue for a long period.
Put these 4 parts (axon terminal, soma, axon, dendrites) in order from the part that receives signals from another neuron to the part that will pass that signal to the next neuron
Answers
Dendrites receive signals from other neurons.
Soma integrates the received signals.
Axon conducts the integrated signal over a long distance.
Axon terminal releases neurotransmitters to pass the signal to the next neuron or target cell.
So the correct order would be: dendrites -> soma -> axon -> axon terminal.
Dendrites: Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body.
Soma (also known as the cell body): The soma integrates incoming signals and decides whether to generate an action potential
Axon: Axons are long, slender projections that carry action potentials away from the cell body.
Axon terminal (also known as the synaptic terminal): An action potential triggers the release of neurotransmitters, which transmit a signal from one neuron to the next.
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Help me, anyone, if you would please
Answers
Answer:
I would say C
Explanation:
unless the model has mathematical equations in the core, I don't think its A or B. and obviously it isn't interactive unless you want to melt your hand off so i would say C
Strategies for enhancing antitumor immune responses include all of the following except
a. immunization with various cancer vaccines
b. transfer of antitumor antibodies or T cells
c. use of immunosuppressive medications
d. blockade of inhibitory pathways
Answers
Strategies for enhancing antitumor immune responses include immunization with various cancer vaccines, transfer of antitumor antibodies or T cells, and blockade of inhibitory pathways. However, the use of immunosuppressive medications is not a strategy for enhancing antitumor immune responses.
Strategies aimed at enhancing antitumor immune responses are vital in cancer immunotherapy. Immunization with cancer vaccines is a method used to stimulate the immune system to recognize and target tumor cells. Transfer of antitumor antibodies or T cells can provide a boost to the immune response and enhance tumor-specific immune activity. Blockade of inhibitory pathways, such as immune checkpoints like PD-1 or CTLA-4, can also enhance antitumor immune responses by releasing the brakes on the immune system and allowing it to effectively target cancer cells.
However, the use of immunosuppressive medications is not a strategy for enhancing antitumor immune responses. Immunosuppressive medications are typically used to dampen or suppress the immune system, which is counterproductive in the context of antitumor immune responses. In cancer immunotherapy, the goal is to activate and enhance the immune system's ability to recognize and eliminate tumor cells. Therefore, the use of immunosuppressive medications would be contradictory to this objective and not considered a strategy for enhancing antitumor immune responses.
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How does ion concentration in the urine relate to specific gravity?
Please select the single best answer
Specific gravity increases as ionic concentration increases.
Specific gravity decreases as ionic concentration increases.
There is no relationship between SG and ionic concentration
Answers
The relationship between ion concentration in the urine and specific gravity is that specific gravity increases as ion concentration increases.
Specific gravity (SG) is a measure of urine concentration, determined by the total amount of dissolved solutes in the urine. Urine is more concentrated when there are more solutes present, such as ions, glucose, and proteins. Ion concentration is the number of ions present in a solution. When there are more ions present in urine, the urine is more concentrated. The specific gravity of urine increases as the ion concentration increases because more solutes are present. This relationship is significant since specific gravity is used to evaluate kidney function.
Therefore option A is correct.
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a child pulls a sled up a snow covered hill. the child does 600 j of work ok the sled. of the child walks 15 m up the hill, how large of a force must the child exert
Answers
To calculate the force exerted by the child, you need to divide the amount of work done (600 J) by the distance traveled (15 m).
force = work / distance
force = 600 J / 15 m
force = 40 N
So the child must exert a force of 40 Newtons to pull the sled up the hill.
Students were given a sample of an unknown element to examine and Investigate. They made a list of the element's observable properties as shown
below:
Solid at room temperature
Shiny
Malleable
Good conductor of heat
Based on the properties in the list, which element were the students most likely observing?
A. Sulfur (5)
B. Tin (Sn)
C. Silicon (SI)
D. Carbon (C)
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
If two-hybrid Ff rabbits mate, what will the offspring look like?
Answers
Answer:
25% FF - homogenous dominant
25% ff - homogeneous recessive
50% Ff - heterogenous
Explanation:
When two-hybrid Ff rabbits mate, then the offspring look like
25% FF - homogenous dominant25% ff - homogeneous recessive50% Ff - heterogenous.What is Mating?For the goal of sexual reproduction, opposite-sex or hermaphrodite organisms team together during mating. Two gametes join together during fertilisation. When two sexually reproducing creatures join their sex organs, internal fertilizations and insemination take place.
Punnett Square situations with two hybrid parents marrying are frequent. The heterozygous hybrid parents possess a single allele (A and a, Dominant and Recessive). There are four genotype outcomes that can happen if two hybrid parents mate.
Thus, when two-hybrid Ff rabbits mate, then the offspring look like
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Calcium has 2 valence electrons and sulfur has 6 valence electrons. when these two elements combine, they bond ___ to make the molecule cas which smells like rotten eggs.
Answers
Calcium has 2 valence electrons and sulfur has 6 valence electrons. when these two elements combine, they bond two(2) to make the molecule cas which smells like rotten eggs.
CaS is the chemical symbol for calcium sulphide. Since calcium has two valence electrons while sulphur has six valence electrons.So, in order to achieve stability, calcium will give the sulphur atom its two extra electrons. Consequently, calcium sulphide is an ionic substance.We can therefore infer that a calcium sulphide molecule will only contain two lone pairs of electrons.A sulphur atom possesses six valence electrons and two valence electron bonds in a calcium sulphide molecule.
Calcium has 2 valence electrons and sulfur has 6 valence electrons. when these two elements combine, they bond ___ to make the molecule cas which smells like rotten eggs.
one
two
three
four
none
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the process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alevoli and the blood of the capillaries is called
Answers
The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood of the capillaries is called gas exchange. This process takes place in the lungs. Oxygen is taken into the body via inhalation and enters the lungs, where it moves across the alveolar walls and into the bloodstream.
At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste product, moves from the bloodstream across the alveolar walls and is exhaled from the body during exhalation.The lungs are one of the most important organs in the body's respiratory system.
The respiratory system's primary function is to transfer oxygen from the environment to the body's cells while removing carbon dioxide from those cells and returning it to the environment.
The exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the body cells is known as respiration, which occurs in three phases: external respiration, internal respiration, and cellular respiration.
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Experimental Insight 2.1 describes data on the kernel color distribution of bicolor corn, collected by a genetics class like yours. To test the hypothesis thatthe kernel color of bicolor corn is the result of the segregation of two alleles at a single genetic locus, the class counted 9882 kernels and found that 7506were yellow and 2376 were white. Use chi¬square analysis to evaluate the fit between the segregation hypothesis and the class results.
Part A Calculate the chi¬square value for this experiment.Express your answer using two decimal places.
Part B
Determine the number of degrees of freedom for this experiment.
Part In what interval does P value fall for the calculated chi¬square value and one degree of freedom?
Part D
Should the hypothesis be rejected?
Answers
The hypothesis can be rejected as p value is not significant for the experiment.
A) Let q represent the frequency of the recessive allele and p represent the frequency of the dominant allele (yellow) (white). If the hypothesis is true, then p + q = 1 and the predicted frequencies of yellow and white kernels are 9882p and 9882q, respectively.
The sum of the squared differences between the observed and predicted frequencies, divided by the expected frequencies, yields the chi-square value:
X^2 = (7506 - 9882p) (7506 - 9882p)
^2 / (9882p) + (2376 - 9882q)^2 / (9882q) (9882q)
We arrive at p = 0.75 and q = 0.25 after solving for p and q. Therefore, the chi-square value is:
X^2 = (7506 - 7415.5) (7506 - 7415.5)
^2 / 7415.5 + (2376 - 2466.5) (2376 - 2466.5)
^2 / 2466.5 = 0.849
Therefore, this experiment's chi-square value is 0.849.
b) The degree of freedom for the given experiment is one.
c)Statistical tables or software can be used to determine the P-value for a chi-square distribution with one degree of freedom and a specific chi-square value. If the null hypothesis—in this case, the segregation hypothesis—is true, the P-value shows the likelihood that a chi-square value will be as extreme as or more extreme than the computed value.
d) P value is not significant hence experiment is rejected.
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sprouted seeds un sprouted seed taken in a jar with lime water in both in which jar lime water changes it colour fast
Answers
Answer:
Correct option is White
Explanation:
Germinating seeds carry out their
respiration process at the cellular level to
be able to generate energy for growth and
maturation.
They do not yet have the ability to carry out
photosynthesis.
As a result of respiration, carbon dioxide is
released by the seeds which turn lime
water milky or white.
So the correct answer is 'White
What is:
Behavioral isolation Temporal Isolation
Habitat Isolation
Answers
Answer:
*Behavioral isolation occurs when members of a population diverge in their behaviors over time. Eventually, they are unable to mate and become separate species
*Temporal isolation, in biology, a type of reproductive isolation mechanism among sexual organisms in which the differences in the timing of critical reproductive events prevent members of closely related species, which could otherwise breed with one another, from mating and producing hybrid offspring.
*Habitat isolation occurs when habitat preferences lower the probability of mating between individuals associated with differing habitats.
In living organisms the cell
cycle is closely regulated.
What do you think will
happen if cell division is not
controlled?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Disruption of normal regulation of the cell cycle can lead to diseases such as cancer. When the cell cycle proceeds without control, cells can divide without order and accumulate genetic errors that can lead to a cancerous tumor
The cell life cycle is controlled meaning that:
The reproduction of the cell is controlled.
The cell has a "programated death" meaning that at some point, all normal cells die.
If there is a problem with these (uncontrolled reproduction or cells that just not die) a tumor will appear.
Where the tumor is just a mass of these cells that reproduce uncontrolled and that don't die naturally.
So the thing that happens if cell division is not controlled, is that a tumor will appear.