what is one difference between the naturally occurring crispr system and the engineered crispr system used in the lab?

Answers

Answer 1

The difference between the naturally occurring CRISPR system and the engineered CRISPR system used in the lab is there is a single guide RNA that interacts with Cas9 in the naturally occurring system.

The vital first step in genome editing is to precisely target a particular DNA sequence. Target sequences in biological systems can be found thanks to the interaction between the Cas9 protein and the guide RNA.

The Cas9 protein finds and cleaves the target DNA in CRISPR/Cas systems that are both natural and artificial. The six domains that make up the Cas9 protein are the REC I, REC II, Bridge Helix, PAM Interacting, HNH, and RuvC domains.

The interaction with guide RNA is carried out by Rec I, the biggest domain. The function of the REC II domain is currently unknown. The target DNA must start the cleavage process once it has attached to the arginine-rich bridging helix.

What is one difference between the naturally occurring CRISPR system and the engineered CRISPR system used in the lab?

a. Cas9 makes single-stranded cuts in the DNA in the naturally occurring system

b. there is a single guide RNA that interacts with Cas9 in the engineered system

c. the PAM is required only for the function of the engineered system

d. there is a single guide RNA that interacts with Cas9 in the naturally occurring system

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Related Questions

Which scientist was responsible for studies of population of species?

Answers

Answer:

Charles Darwin

Explanation:

Answer:

Charles Darwin is the answer

what types of organisms would you expect to perform fermentation?

Answers

Answer:

Many bacteria and yeasts

Explanation:

Many bacteria and yeasts carry out fermentation. People use these organisms to make yogurt, bread, wine, and biofuels. Human muscle cells also use fermentation. This occurs when muscle cells cannot get oxygen fast enough to meet their energy needs through aerobic respiration.

Answer:

Many bacteria and yeasts carry out fermentation. People use these organisms to make yogurt, bread, wine, and biofuels. Human muscle cells also use fermentation. This occurs when muscle cells cannot get oxygen fast enough to meet their energy needs through aerobic respiration.Explanation:

Which of these would be the most effective at destroying giardia, a protozoan that infects the intestinal tract? anti-inflammatory antiparasitic pain relievers antihistamines

Answers

The right answer is an antiparasitic drug, Giardiasis is an intestinal infection caused by Giardia lamblia.

What are Antiparasitic drugs?

Antiparasitic drugs are a class of medications used in the control and cure of infections by parasites, including protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites.

Antiparasitic drugs include several classes of drugs that cover a wide range of diseases caused by parasites.

Thus, the antiparasitic drug would be the most effective at destroying giardia.

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Answer:B

Explanation:

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which amino acid is the n-terminal group in the following peptide? asn-ser-glu-phe-asp

Answers

The amino acid Asparagine (Asn) is the N-terminal group in the peptide sequence: Asn-Ser-Glu-Phe-Asp.

In a peptide sequence, the N-terminal group refers to the amino acid at the beginning or the "start" of the sequence. In the given peptide sequence, Asn-Ser-Glu-Phe-Asp, the amino acid Asparagine (Asn) is the first amino acid, making it the N-terminal group.

Peptides are composed of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. The N-terminus of a peptide refers to the end that contains the amino group (-NH2) of the first amino acid in the sequence. In this case, the N-terminus is represented by Asparagine (Asn), indicating that it is the initial amino acid in the peptide chain.

The peptide sequence continues with Serine (Ser), Glutamic acid (Glu), Phenylalanine (Phe), and Aspartic acid (Asp), in that order. However, when identifying the N-terminal group, we focus on the first amino acid in the sequence, which is Asparagine (Asn) in this case.

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how do plants get nitrogen out of them?I've tried a lot of websites and it didn't work

Answers

Pretty sure its in the process of photosynthesis

What causes one embryo to develop unique characteristics compared to the embryos of different species?

A. The type of food available to the mother

B. The genes found in the chromosomes of the embryo

C. Environmental factors such as climate, air pollution, and water quality

D. The embryo begins as a smaller version of the fetus and simply increases in size

Answers

Answer:

Dont worry about me, I just added this answer so the other person can get their brainliest because they definetly deserve it Explanation:

Dont worry about me, I just added this answer so the other person can get their brainliest because they definetly deserve it Explanation:

#One of the advances in genetic research is the development of genetically modified
organisms (GMO's). This creates plants that are resistant to diseases and insects, drought
tolerant, and can be mass produced more efficiently by altering the DNA sequence to make
them better suited to the environment. Many farmers in our area use GMO's for their crops
without even knowing they are using GMOs. This also creates animals which are larger,
stronger, and more resistant to disease. Considering the world population is nearing 7 billion
people and hunger is a major concern with the development of lands once used for
agriculture, food will become more difficult to provide. Should science continue to modify
plants and animals, even though that is not how they were originally created? Do you think
you are eating GMO's? Should companies be required to label food that is a GMO? Take a
position and defend your answer.

Answers

Genetically engineered crops produce greater yields, have a longer shelf life, are resistant to illnesses and pests, and even style better.

Is genetically modified operations or GMO is the term used for an organism created through genetic engineering?

A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism in which genetic material is altered with the aid of genetic engineering technology. GMO may also sound futuristic; however, one is already surrounded by means of meals derived from GMO products, as they have been present in one's food furnish for decades.

Why is genetically modified organism GMO a fundamental aspect that contributes to sustainable meals production for human beings?

GMO vegetation advocates declare that there is enough proof that GMOs are necessary for promotion sustainable agriculture because it can minimize agriculture's environmental footprint with the aid of decreasing the use of pesticides, saving fossil fuels, reducing CO2 emissions and conserving soil and moisture [21].

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why is professor yalemthehay mekonne internationally renowned ?​

Answers

She has presented extensively her research results in national, regional and international scientific and professional meetings and conferences. Hope this helped

Do all mammals have the same genes that give similar characteristics?

Answers

All mammals have the same genes that give similar characteristics. Different forms of these genes called alleles are responsible for changes. Thus, the given statement is true.

What are Genes?

Gene is the basic unit of heredity which is passed on from parent generation to their children. Genes are made up of sequences of DNA and these are arranged, one after the another, at specific locations on the chromosomes in the nucleus of cells.

Different members of the same species show the presence of same genes which give them similar characteristics. However, these are not guaranteed to look the same. The organisms are not guaranteed to have the same organs and are also not guaranteed to be able to interbreed with each other.

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if an owl eats two mice and two moles, but the moles have twice as much mass, then,??

if an owl eats two mice and two moles, but the moles have twice as much mass, then,??

Answers

The owl receives more biomass from the mole because it’s twice as much

What is the primary reaction during nuclear fusion to stars?

Answers

This is what happens to the hydrogen gas in the core of the Sun. It gets squeeze together so tightly that four hydrogen nuclei combine to form one helium atom. This is called nuclear fusion. In the process some of the mass of the hydrogen atoms is converted into energy in the form of light.

Which human activities can change the conditions of ecosystem

Answers

Answer:

Humans impact the physical environment in many ways: overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation. Changes like these have triggered climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water.

Various Human Activities That Affect an Ecosystem

Agriculture.

Deforestation.

Overpopulation & Overconsumption.

Plastic Production.

Emission of Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases.

Destruction of the Reefs.

Production of Black Carbon.

Draining Streams/Rivers and Destruction of Critical Freshwater Aquifer Recharge Areas (Water Pollution)

Explanation:

Hope this helps!

Label the Microscope:

Label the Microscope:

Answers

Answer.........

Explanation:

Label the Microscope:

did water move across the membrane in all bags containing solutions of sugar

Answers

Water can move across the membrane in all bags containing solutions of sugar, provided the membrane is semi-permeable.

In such cases, water molecules move through the membrane to balance the concentration of sugar on both sides, following the principle of osmosis.

Water movement across the membrane in bags containing solutions of sugar will depend on the concentration of the sugar solution inside and outside the bag. If the concentration of sugar inside the bag is higher than the concentration outside, water will move from the outside solution into the bag, resulting in an increase in the volume of the solution inside the bag. However, if the concentration of sugar inside the bag is lower than the concentration outside, water will move out of the bag, resulting in a decrease in the volume of the solution inside the bag. So, whether water moved across the membrane in all bags containing solutions of sugar will depend on the specific concentrations of the sugar solutions inside and outside the bags.

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Water moved across the membrane in order to create equilibrium between the concentrations of water on both sides.

It can be concluded that water moved across the membrane in all bags containing solutions of sugar because the net movement of water molecules is always from the area of high concentration to low concentration. This is called osmosis, and the process continues until both sides of the membrane become equal in terms of concentration.

In this experiment, bags with different concentrations of sugar were used, which created different concentrations of water molecules on either side of the membrane.

Therefore, water moved across the membrane in order to create equilibrium between the concentrations of water on both sides.

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A map distance of 25 map units between two genes indicates which of the following?
Multiple Choice
A. The genes are 25 millimeters apart
B. 50% of the offspring exhibit recombination between the two genes
C. There are 25 other genes between the two genes of interest
D. 25% of the offspring exhibit recombination between the two genes

Answers

A map distance of 25 map units between two genes indicates 50% of the offspring exhibit recombination between the two genes.

Here correct option is B.

In genetics, a map unit (also known as a centimorgan) represents a unit of genetic distance between two genes on a chromosome. It is a measure of the frequency of recombination between two genes during meiosis.

A map distance of 25 map units between two genes indicates that, on average, 25% of the offspring resulting from a cross between individuals with different alleles at these genes will exhibit recombination between them. Since each crossover event between homologous chromosomes results in a recombination event, the frequency of recombination is proportional to the map distance.

Therefore, the correct interpretation is that 50% of the offspring will exhibit recombination between the two genes when the map distance is 25 map units.

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What complementary strand of DNA would be produced from the strand of.
DNA shown below?
TCG GA
A. ACG GT
B. AGC CT
C. TGC CT
O D. TGA CT
SUBMIT

Answers

Answer:

B. AGC CT

Explanation:

A and T are complementary, as well as C and G.

So, from the strand, we can find the complementary one by finding the complementary bases.

TCG GA will have the complementary strand of AGC CT, using the complementary base pairs.

So, B is the correct answer.

9. Which of the following is the independent variable in the experiment?
a. Soil
b. Amount of water
C. Temperature
d. Color of light

Answers

Answer:

b

.........................................................................................................................................................

Positive hydrogen ions form during intermediate stages of photosynthesis what is the composition of these ions

Answers

The protons (H+ ions) that are used in photosynthesis come from molecules of water.

Plants and other living things employ a process called photosynthesis to transform light energy into chemical energy that may then be released through cellular respiration to power the organism's activities. The word "photosynthesis" comes from the Greek words "light" and "putting together," and refers to the process of creating molecules of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water. These molecules, such as sugars and starches, are then stored with some of this chemical energy.

Photoautotrophs are creatures that perform photosynthesis, including most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. The majority of the energy required for life on Earth is produced and maintained through photosynthesis, which is also substantially responsible for creating and maintaining the oxygen concentration of the atmosphere.

Even though various species undertake photosynthesis in different ways, the process always starts when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain the coloured pigments/chromophores green chlorophyll (and other colours). Unlike bacteria, which have these proteins incorporated in the plasma membrane, plants store these proteins in organelles called chloroplasts, which are most prevalent in leaf cells. These light-dependent processes require some energy to produce oxygen gas by removing electrons from appropriate materials, such water.

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what type of animal is a girrafe?

Answers

Answer:

It is an African artiodactyl mammal

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

i strongly believe it is It is an African artiodactyl mammal

hope it helps

-Delilah

a pathway has two parts: a bundle of cns axons and a collection of neuron cell bodies in the cns. True/false?

Answers

The statement is true. A pathway typically consists of both a bundle of CNS (central nervous system) axons and a collection of neuron cell bodies in the CNS.

A pathway in the context of the nervous system refers to a specific route or circuit along which information is transmitted between different regions of the nervous system. These pathways involve the coordination of both axons, which are the long projections of nerve cells responsible for transmitting signals, and neuron cell bodies, which contain the nucleus and other organelles necessary for cellular functions.

The bundle of CNS axons forms the physical connection between different regions of the nervous system, allowing for the transmission of electrical impulses or signals. The collection of neuron cell bodies in the CNS, on the other hand, serves as the central processing center and integration point for incoming and outgoing signals.

Therefore, a pathway typically comprises both a bundle of CNS axons and a collection of neuron cell bodies in the CNS, making the statement true.

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what do the nucleus, er, ribosomes, golgi apparatus, and vesicles work together to do?

Answers

Ribosomes produce proteins, which are then transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in small sacs known as transport vesicles. The transport vesicles sever the ER's ends. The rough endoplasmic reticulum collaborates with the Golgi apparatus to transport new proteins to their correct locations within the cell.

Protein cargo travels from the ER to the Golgi, where it is modified before being delivered to various locations in the cell, including the lysosomes and the cell surface. The Golgi digests proteins produced by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) before they are released into the cell.

The Golgi digests proteins produced by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) before they are released into the cell.

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Draw one moving object of your choice

Answers

Answer: butterfly

Explanation:

Draw one moving object of your choice

Describe what body systems are composed of.

Answers

In summary, the human body is made of 11 important organ systems, including the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory, nervous and endocrine systems. They also include the immune, integumentary, skeletal, muscle and reproductive systems. The systems work together to maintain a functioning human body.




About how long ago did our solar system start to form?
About 5 million years ago
About 14 million years ago
About 5 billion years ago
About 14 billion years ago

Answers

Answer:

About 5 billion years ago

Sorry:

Sorry this is so late.

Answer:

C. 5 billion years ago

Explanation:

The real answer is about 4.6 billion years ago but that rounds up to 5 billion years.

Please:

May I please have Brainliest?

Why does the skin of your mother's fingers shrink when she washes clothes for a long

time?

a. What is responsible for these changes? Explain the process in brief.

Answers

The skin of your mother's fingers shrinks when she washes clothes for a long time due to prolonged exposure to water. This exposure disrupts the natural balance of moisture in the skin, leading to the shrinkage.

1. When your mother washes clothes for a long time, her fingers come into contact with water continuously.

2. Water is a natural solvent and can dissolve substances, including the protective oils and moisture present on the skin.

3. The outermost layer of the skin, called the stratum corneum, acts as a barrier to prevent excessive water loss and protect against external factors.

4. Prolonged exposure to water can cause the stratum corneum to become saturated and swell.

5. As the stratum corneum absorbs water, it expands, which can lead to the appearance of wrinkled or shriveled skin.

6. Additionally, water exposure can wash away the natural oils that help keep the skin hydrated and supple.

7. Without these oils, the skin's natural moisture balance is disrupted, causing it to dry out and shrink.

8. Continuous wetting and drying cycles can further aggravate the skin's condition, leading to more pronounced shrinkage and roughness.

9. It's important to note that different individuals may experience varying degrees of skin shrinkage depending on their skin type, overall skin health, and environmental factors.

In summary, the prolonged exposure to water during clothes washing disrupts the skin's moisture balance, leading to the shrinkage and wrinkling of your mother's fingers.

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If a pollen grain generates only one sperm cell instead of two, then after pollinationA No pollination would take placeB The seeds would lack either embryos or endosperm, and would germinateC. The seeds would lack either embryos or endosperm, and is nonviable.D.The seed would develop two endosperms

Answers

If a pollen grain generates only one sperm cell instead of two, then after pollination, the seeds would lack either embryos or endosperm and would be nonviable. This situation corresponds to option C.

Pollen grains are essential for the process of pollination, where male reproductive cells (sperm) are transferred to the female reproductive structures. In angiosperms, each pollen grain typically generates two sperm cells. These two sperm cells are necessary for the process of double fertilization, where one sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell to form the embryo, and the other sperm cell fuses with the central cell to form the endosperm. The endosperm provides nutrients for the developing embryo, while the embryo eventually grows into a new plant.

If a pollen grain were to generate only one sperm cell, the process of double fertilization would be incomplete. In such a scenario, the seed would either develop an embryo without the nourishing endosperm, or an endosperm without the embryo. In either case, the seed would lack essential components required for germination and successful development into a viable plant. As a result, the seeds produced in this situation would be nonviable and incapable of growing into healthy plants.

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A secondary consumer cannot survive, if there are no plants on the earth because ​

Answers

thats easy... like really easy.... like really really easy.

oh well, here it is ✍(◔◡◔)

if there was no plant, all the herbivores would die of hunger,

no herbivores, means no food for carnivores, (AKA) secondary consumers, which would eventually mean they would eat each other causing a mass extinction in almost all secondary consumers

PLS HELP WILL GIVE brainliest DONT ANSWER UNLESS YOUR POSITIVE PLS !

2. What is the correct order of the parts of the respiratory system from smallest to largest?
A: lungs, alveoli, bronchi, trachea
B:alveoli, lungs, trachea, bronchi
C:lungs, trachea, bronchi, alveoli
D:alveoli, bronchi, trachea, lungs

Answers

The correct order of the parts of the respiratory system from smallest to largest is: alveoli, bronchi, trachea, lungs.

option D

What is respiratory system?

The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange, which is the process of taking in oxygen from the air and expelling carbon dioxide from the body. The respiratory system includes a series of interconnected organs, tissues, and structures that work together to facilitate this process.

The smallest structure in the respiratory system is the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs located at the end of the bronchioles. The alveoli are responsible for the actual gas exchange process, where oxygen from the air is diffused into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is diffused out of the bloodstream into the alveoli to be expelled during exhalation.

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Please answer the question in the photo! (will mark Brainliest if correct)

Please answer the question in the photo! (will mark Brainliest if correct)

Answers

Option 4 is correct - your kidney controls the water level through nephron tubes whenever you have low amounts of water that have been detected in your blood.

Because of drinking less water in a day, we experienced faintness and weak which led to the condition of dehydration. In this situation, saving a single drop of water becomes crucial for our body to survive.

Here, the Kidney plays the role of hero and controls the water level of the body using the hormone ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) released by the Pituitary gland.In a time of dehydration, the kidney starts absorbing more water into the nephron tubes which resulted in less urine production.After the detection of the low amount of water, these signaled enzymes, pump salts into nephron tubes because of the presence of more salt than usual which need to be balanced out by water.

Therefore, Option 4 is correct.

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PLEASE HELP! - Describe why carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, & other elements can combine. Describe the results of these combinations.

Answers

Answer:

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen And Nitrogen - Have In Common? They All Have The Same Number Of Valence Electrons. They All Have Unpaired Electrons In Their Valence Shells. They Are Elements Produced Only In Living Cells.

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