what is the purpose of adding bisulfite at the end of the reaction?

Answers

Answer 1

The purpose of adding bisulfite at the end of the reaction is to convert the unmethylated cytosines to uracils and prevent them from being amplified in the PCR reaction.

This is known as bisulfite conversion, and it is a widely used method for analyzing DNA methylation patterns. The converted DNA can then be amplified by PCR, and the resulting product can be sequenced or analyzed in other ways to determine the methylation status of the original DNA.Main answer: The purpose of adding bisulfite at the end of the reaction is to convert the unmethylated cytosines to uracils and prevent them from being amplified in the PCR reaction.

Bisulfite conversion is a widely used method for analyzing DNA methylation patterns. The purpose of adding bisulfite at the end of the reaction is to convert the unmethylated cytosines to uracils and prevent them from being amplified in the PCR reaction.Bisulfite conversion of DNA involves the treatment of DNA with sodium bisulfite, which converts cytosine residues to uracil, but does not affect the methylated cytosine residues. After bisulfite treatment, the methylated cytosines are distinguished from unmethylated cytosines, as they remain as cytosines in the converted DNA sequence.

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Related Questions

8. Which of the following are reasons why Index fossils are chosen for determining ages of rocks? Select all that apply .
A Found commonly in rocks
B. Distributed over a very wide range
C. Are always dinosaurs
D. Limited life existence in geologic time.

Answers

Answer:

B. Distributed over a very wide range

D. Limited life existence in geologic time.

Explanation:

Index fossils are very unique fossils that helps in determining the relative ages of rocks and biostratigraphic correlation. They are usually called guide fossils.

Fossils are the preserved remains of dead organisms found in rocks. Index fossils are a special class of fossils with the following properties; They are widely distributed. They have a short stratigraphic range. They show rapid evolution trends

Answer:

d and b

Explanation:

3. What is the easiest way to create electron configurations?

Answers

Answer:

To calculate an electron configuration, divide the periodic table into sections to represent the atomic orbitals, the regions where electrons are contained. Groups one and two are the s-block, three through 12 represent the d-block, 13 to 18 are the p-block and the two rows at the bottom are the f-block.Explanation:

PLZ HELP There are two main ways that organisms reproduce, or make more Individuals of their own kind. Which of the following is true of these two types of reproduction?
A. In one way, two parents are involved. In the other, there is only one parent
B. In reproduction that involves only one parent, the offspring are different from the parent. In reproduction that involves two parents, the offspring receive exact copies of the parents' DNA.
C. In both ways, offspring share characteristics with their parents but are not exactly the same. O
D. In both ways, all offspring are identical to each other but maji different from their parents.​

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Two parents are involved in Sexual Reproduction but only one is involved in Asexual Reproduction.

Which level of organization is formed when a group of organs work together to perform complex functions?

Answers

Hey
I think that could be “system of organs”

Answer:

an organ system is formed when a group of organs works together to perform complex functions. it is composed of two or more tissue types and performs a specific set of tasks for the body

A LOAEL is defined as:
The lowest hazard ratio in rats and mice
The Litany Of Adverse Elemental Liquidations
The lowest dose that demonstrates a significant increase in an observable adverse effect
The lowest level without an effect on biomarkers of exposure
The lowest level that causes death in 50% of the population over a defined period of time

Answers

A LOAEL is defined as the lowest dose that demonstrates a significant increase in an observable adverse effect. The term LOAEL stands for "Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level."

When testing chemicals and other substances for toxicity, the goal is to determine the concentration or dose at which adverse effects begin to appear. The LOAEL is the lowest dose at which an adverse effect is observed. This value can be used to establish a safe level of exposure to a substance.
To determine the LOAEL, a series of tests are conducted in which different doses of the substance being tested are administered to test animals. The animals are observed for any adverse effects, such as changes in behavior, weight loss, or organ damage. The lowest dose at which an adverse effect is observed is the LOAEL.
It is important to note that the LOAEL is a relative measure of toxicity. It only provides information on the dose at which an adverse effect is first observed and not on the severity of the effect. In addition, the LOAEL may vary depending on the species tested and other factors.
In summary, the LOAEL is the lowest dose at which an observable adverse effect is detected. This value is used to establish a safe level of exposure to a substance.

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in the late 18th century, lazzaro spallanzani boiled broths for long periods of time and sealed the flasks by melting their glass necks closed. based on the results of his experiments, he concluded that

Answers

Lazzaro Spallanzani concluded that boiling the broth killed any potential living organisms and that air was not necessary for life, based on the results of his experiments boiling broths and sealing the flasks.

Lazzaro Spallanzani was an Italian scientist who lived in the late 18th century. In his experiments, he boiled broths for extended periods of time and then sealed the flasks by melting their glass necks closed. By doing this, he aimed to determine the conditions necessary for life to exist.

The results of his experiments showed that boiling the broth killed any potential living organisms and that the broth did not contain any new microorganisms after being sealed and boiled. This led Spallanzani to conclude that air was not necessary for life and that life could not arise spontaneously from non-living matter.

These findings were crucial in disproving the then-prevailing idea of spontaneous generation, which was the belief that life could arise spontaneously from non-living matter. Spallanzani's experiments paved the way for further advancements in microbiology and the understanding of the origins of life.

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If H 2

and Cl 2

are mixed, how will they interact based on your knowledge of chemical bonds?

Answers

The reaction of the hydrogen and the chlorine atoms would lead to the formation of HCl

Formation of HCl

In this reaction, each chlorine molecule (Cl2) breaks apart into two chlorine atoms (Cl), and each hydrogen molecule (H2) breaks apart into two hydrogen atoms (H). These reactive atoms then combine to form hydrogen chloride molecules (HCl).

It's worth noting that the reaction between hydrogen gas and chlorine gas is highly exothermic and releases a significant amount of energy.

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Which form of decay produces a nucleus similar to the element helium?

Answers

The answer Is Alpha particle

Explanation:

:D

1 - 2Na + O2 ➔ Na2O Balanced Not Balanced




2 - 2NaNO3 ➔ 3NaNO2 + O2 Balanced Not Balanced




3 - 2Al + 3Cl2 ➔ AlCl3 Balanced Not Balanced




4- 2P + 3I2 ➔ 2PI3 Balanced Not Balanced





5 - 2Al + 2H3PO4 ➔ 3H2 + 2AlPO4 Balanced Not Balanced





6 - H2O2 ➔ 2H2O + O2 Balanced Not Balanced





7 - 2HCl + CuO → CuCl2 + H2O Balanced Not Balanced

Answers

Answer:

1 not

2 not

3 not

4 balanced

5 not

6 not

7 balanced

Explanation:

the amount of elements must be equal in the reactant and products

what is the complementary strand of the given DNA Strand cgatgatccatt

Answers

answer: gctactaggtaa

Answer:

gctactaggtaa

Explanation:

a=t

c=g

g=c

t=a

This is the answer key for any complementary DNA strand.

Mrs. Smith has the following chemistry results: CK: moderately increased LD: moderately increased LD-1 : increased The probable diagnosis is:

Answers

Diagnosis of Mrs. Smith:

Diagnosis for Mrs. Smith for having CK: moderately increased LD: moderately increased LD-1: increased symptoms is "Myocardial infarction".      

Myocardial infarction:

A myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply to a portion of the heart muscle is inadequate or the cardiac muscle isn't getting enough oxygen in one or more places. The more time that goes by without receiving care to improve blood flow, the more damage the heart muscle sustains.

The majority of myocardial infarctions are brought on by underlying coronary artery disease, which deprives the myocardium of oxygen when coronary arteries are blocked. Myocardial necrosis and cell death can occur if the myocardium is continuously deprived of oxygen.

Signs of myocardial infarction:

Chest pressure or constriction.Respiration difficulty.sweating.nausea.vomiting

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Why is it useful to know the background level of extinction?

It is part of the scientific process to observe changes in nature.

If current rates greatly exceed background rates, scientists say there is a chance of a
mass extinction event happening.

NOAA and FWS are required by law to compare background rates to current rates.

Scientists want to see if increased extinction rates will threaten the human population.

Answers

Answer:

NOAA and FWS are required by law to compare background rates to current rates.

Explanation:

Why is it useful to know the background level of extinction?It is part of the scientific process to observe

Answer:

If current rates greatly exceed background rates, scientists say there is a chance of a mass extinction event happening.

Explanation:

Scientists compare current rates of extinction to the background rate to see if there is a potential problem developing.

I got it right on the quiz.

Why do some scientists have difficulty communicating about their research to nonscientists?

Answers

Answer:

Non-scientists aren't exposed to the information that scientists have in their field of study. Scientists also have their research based on facts, while non-scientists can be biased on their beliefs and chose to ignore data and logic.

A teller at a drive-up window at a bank had the following service times (in minutes) for 20 randomly selected customers: What are the 3 -sigma control limits? Select one: a. None of the other options.

Answers

Since the exact values of the service times are not provided, it is not possible to calculate the 3-sigma control limits. Therefore, the correct answer is "None of the other options."

The 3-sigma control limits are used in statistical process control to determine the acceptable range of variation in a process. To calculate the 3-sigma control limits, we need to first find the mean and standard deviation of the service times for the 20 randomly selected customers.

Step 1: Find the mean (average) of the service times.
Add up all the service times and divide by the total number of customers (20).

Step 2: Find the standard deviation of the service times.
Calculate the difference between each service time and the mean, square each difference, sum up all the squared differences, divide by the total number of customers (20), and then take the square root of the result.

Step 3: Calculate the 3-sigma control limits.
Multiply the standard deviation by 3 and add/subtract the result to/from the mean. This will give you the upper and lower control limits.

Since the exact values of the service times are not provided, it is not possible to calculate the 3-sigma control limits. Therefore, the correct answer is "None of the other options."

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An element has an atomic number of 18 and an atomic mass of 40. The number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of this element is????

Answers

Answer: 22 neutrons

Explanation: 40 is the mass number = atomic mass = total number of protons and neutrons in atomic nucleus

18 is the number of protons in the nucleus of this atom

Then 40 - 18 = 22 neutrons

and this is Argon

HELP PLS
I NEED THE BOTTOM TO BE a matched up by the top PLS ASSAPPp

HELP PLS I NEED THE BOTTOM TO BE a matched up by the top PLS ASSAPPp

Answers

Answer:

a: milliliters and grams | b: heat | c: force | d: solid | e: attraction

Explanation:

A: milliliters are cubic and grams are weight.

b: heat make particles go faster

c: thus more collisions and temperature and force

d: solid, they can't move, just vibrate

e: attraction

how many millimoles of solid naoh must be added to 50.0 milliliters of 0.20 molar hocl to obtain a buffewr solution that has a ph of 7.49

Answers

The amount of millimoles of solid naoh that must be added to 50.0 milliliters is: 5.0 mmol of NaOH.

Millimoles of solid naoh

The [H+] at pH 7.49 is:

[H+] = 10–^7.49

[H+]= 3.24×10–^8 M

And when the solution is half-neutralized pH will be:

pH = pKa while  [OCl– ]÷[HOCl] = 1

Now let find the millimoles of solid naoh:

0.20 mol HOCl÷1 L× 50.0 mL

= 10.0 mmol HOCl

Half of 10.0 mmol HOCl will be added

Millimoles of solid naoh=10.0 mmol HOCl÷2

Millimoles of solid naoh= 5.0 mmol of NaOH

Inconclusion the amount of millimoles of solid naoh that must be added to 50.0 milliliters is: 5.0 mmol of NaOH.

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What is the mass of an object with a density of 0.3456 g/cm3and a volume of 112.4 cm3?

Answers

Answer:

The answer is

38.85 g

Explanation:

The mass of a substance when given the density and volume can be found by using the formula

mass = Density × volume

From the question

density = 0.3456 g/cm³

volume = 112.4 cm³

The mass of the object is

mass = 0.3456 × 112.4 = 38.84544

We have the final answer as

38.85 g

Hope this helps you

Does alcohol really burn off when cooking? what are the possible substitutions for alcohol in recipes?.

Answers

Answer:Does alcohol really burn off when cooking? what are the possible substitutions for alcohol in recipes?

Explanation:

The longer you cook, the more alcohol cooks out, but you have to cook food for about 3 hours to fully erase all traces of alcohol. A study from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Nutrient Data lab confirmed this and added that food baked or simmered in alcohol for 15 minutes still retains 40 percent of the alcohol.

Behind your house, there's a gorgeous pond filled with frogs. You notice that the frogs behind Mr. Archer's house often have three legs. You start wondering if the fertilizer that Mr. Archer uses for his lawn is causing the deformities in the frogs. You collect 10 frogs and put the special fertilizer in their container (Group A). You put another 10 frogs and place them in a different container with just water (Group B). A week later, 7 out of 10 of the frogs in group A grew only three legs. The frogs in group B grew four legs.



What was the control group?

Answers

Answer:

Group B is the control group

Explanation:

In an experiment, a control group is the standard to which comparisons are made in an experiment.

An increase in the temperature of a liquid decreases the rate of
evaporation, true or false?

Answers

Answer:

False

Explanation:

The increase in the temperature of a liquid also increases the rate of evaporation, as the same for the other way around.  As intermolecular force increase rate of evaporation decreases. This happens because intermolecular force make it less likely for the molecules on the surface to escape from liquid and become vapour gas. As temperature increases rate of evaporation increases.

What is the first step of treating wastewater at a municipal sewage treatment plant?
a.Solid waste material settles out.
b.Bacteria breaks down organic matter.
c.Pathogens are killed with ultraviolet light or chemicals.
d.Water is removed from sludge.
e.Water undergoes aeration to reduce offensive odors.

Answers

The first step of treating wastewater at a municipal sewage treatment plant is a) solid waste material settling out.

Solid waste settlement is typically done through a process called primary treatment, where large particles and debris are allowed to settle to the bottom of a tank, forming sludge. This sludge is then removed and further treated, while the remaining water undergoes further treatment processes such as secondary treatment and disinfection to remove pollutants and pathogens before being discharged.

By implementing preliminary treatment, the wastewater treatment plant aims to protect downstream treatment units, prevent blockages or damage to equipment, and ensure more efficient and effective treatment of the wastewater. Once the wastewater undergoes preliminary treatment, it moves on to subsequent stages such as primary clarification, biological treatment, secondary clarification, and disinfection, depending on the specific treatment process employed at the plant.

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For the following reaction wherein there is a equilibrium established

CaCO3 (s) = CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

what will happen to the concentration of CO2 when:

(a) More CO2 is added
(b) Volume of system is decreased
(c) Temperature of the system is increased

Answers

Answer: Below is the answer

Explanation:

CaCO3 (s) = CaO (s) + CO2(g)

a) The CO2 will be removed. The CaCO3 mass will increase.

b) If the volume is decreased the pressure is increased in CO2.  The CaCO3 mass will decrease.

c) The Pressure will increase.

A car of 1200 kg is moving with a speed of 36 Km/hr. It is stopped by applying brakes withion with in 5 seconds. Calculate the amount of force required to stop the car.

Answers

Answer:

–2400 N

Explanation:

This is a physics question. However, the answer to the question is given below.

We'll begin by converting 36 Km/hr to m/s. This can be obtained as follow:

3.6 Km/hr = 1 m/s

Therefore,

36 Km/hr = 36 Km/hr × 1 m/s / 3.6 km/hr

36 Km/hr = 10 m/s

Thus, 36 Km/hr is equivalent 10 m/s.

Next, we shall determine the acceleration of the car. This can be obtained as follow:

Initial velocity (u) = 10 m/s

Final velocity (v) = 0 m/s

Time (t) = 5 s

Acceleration (a) =?

a = (v – u) / t

a = (0 – 10) / 5

a = – 10 / 5

a = –2 m/s²

Finally, we shall determine the force required to stop the car. This can be obtained as follow:

Mass (m) = 1200 Kg

Acceleration (a) = –2 m/s²

Force (F) =?

F = ma

F = 1200 × –2

F = –2400 N

NOTE: The negative sign indicate that the force is in opposite direction to the motion of the car.

I need helppppppppppp

I need helppppppppppp

Answers

A B C

a. Mg(12) 2.8.2 -2e- = Mg2+

b. S(16) 2.8.6 +2e- = S2-

c. MgS

d. No, because it is neutral

the binding of small effector molecules, protein-protein interactions, and covalent modifications are three common ways to modulate the activities of transcription factors. which of these three mechanisms are used by steroid receptors and by the creb protein?

Answers

Protein-protein interactions and effector molecule binding at steroid receptors; covalent modification and protein-protein interactions at CREB protein.

How a molecule is formed?

A molecule is the term used to describe the aggregate of atoms that results from the formation of covalent bonds. Therefore, we might claim that a monomer is the most basic component of a covalent composite. In nature, oxygen exists as a molecule. Dioxygen is created when two oxygen atoms make a covalent triple bond with one another.

Is water a molecule?

Molecules are created when atoms come together. 2 hydrogen (H) atoms one and oxygen (O) atom make up the three atoms that make up a water molecule. Because of this, water is occasionally abbreviated as H2O. There are billions of hydrogen atoms in an one drop of liquid.

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What is the mass of Cl2 if the mass of Ca is 20.0g and the mass of CaCl2 is 78.33g

Answers

The molar mass of chlorine is 35.5 grams per mole, and calcium chloride contains two equivalents of chlorine. So in one mole of calcium chloride, there are two times 35.5 grams of chlorine. This gives 71 grams.

Explain the concept law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution. What is/are the reason/s why the law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution suggest/s that isoquant must be bent toward the origin?

Answers

The law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution indicates that the rate at which one input can be substituted for another decreases as the quantity of one input increases, leading to isoquants being bent toward the origin.


In other words, as the quantity of one good increases, the individual is willing to sacrifice fewer units of the other good to obtain an additional unit of the first good. This reflects a diminishing rate of substitution between the two goods.

The reason why the law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution suggests that isoquants must be bent toward the origin is rooted in the concept of diminishing marginal utility. As more units of a particular input (e.g., labor or capital) are added while holding other inputs constant, the additional output gained from each additional unit of the input will decrease. This diminishing marginal productivity leads to a decreasing MRS.

When isoquants (which represent different combinations of inputs that produce the same level of output) are bent toward the origin, it reflects the fact that as more of one input is used, the amount of the other input that needs to be substituted decreases. This bending signifies the diminishing MRS and captures the idea that a larger quantity of one input can be substituted for a smaller quantity of the other input to maintain the same level of output.

Overall, the law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution indicates that the rate at which one input can be substituted for another decreases as the quantity of one input increases, leading to isoquants being bent toward the origin.


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11) A sample of gas has a volume of 823.7 mL and a pressure of 351.8 torr. What volume (in mL) will the gas occupy at 752.9 torr if the temperature of the gas doesn't change? Keep the answer with one decimal place

Answers

Answer:

384.9 mL.

Explanation:

What is given?

Volume 1 (V1) = 823.7 mL.

Pressure 1 (P1) = 351.8 torr.

Pressure 2 (P2) = 752.9 torr.

What do we need? Volume 2 (V2).

Step-by-step solution:

This is a Boyle's Law problem. Boyle's law states that the volume of a given mass of gas varies inversely with the pressure when the temperature is kept constant. An inverse relationship is described in this way. As one variable increases in value, the other variable decreases.

The formula of the law is:

\(P_1V_1=P_2V_2.\)

Where P is pressure and V is volume. We want to find volume 2, 'V2'. So let's solve for 'V2' and replace the given data that we have in the new formula:

\(V_2=\frac{P_1V_1}{P_2}=\frac{351.8\text{ torr}\cdot823.7\text{ mL}}{752.9\text{ torr}}=384.882\text{ mL}\approx384.9\text{ mL.}\)

The new volumewill be 3384.9 mL You can note as the pressure is increasing, the volume is decreasing.

What is the concentration of a solution formed when 4.00 grams of sodium hydroxide is dissolved to make 250cm cubed of solution

Answers

0.4M is the concentration of a solution formed when 4.00 grams of sodium hydroxide is dissolved to make a 250cm cubed solution.

Molar concentration, also known as molarity, quantity concentration, or substance concentration. Molarity is a unit used to describe the amount of a substance in a solution expressed as a percentage of its volume. The number of moles per liter, denoted by the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm³ in SI units, is the most often used unit denoting molarity. Because the volume of most solutions very minimally changes with temperature owing to thermal expansion, using molar concentration in thermodynamics is frequently not practical.

The formula for molarity,

Molarity = (moles/vol) x 1000

             = \(\frac{4/40}{250}\) x 1000

​              = (0.1 / 250) x 1000

             =0.4M

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Please help!!! Why did settlers begin using the trail identified in this map?A. people needed to ship goods from west to east.B. gold was discovered in Oregon.C. explorers were searching for a water route to the Pacific OceanD. the government offered people free land in Oregon Are these expressions equivalent? Explain why or why not 42+35 7(6+5) In an experiment the one variable that is changed is called the:___.a. experimental variable b. dependent variable c. independent variabled. controlled variable what are the things we should receive from others to be happy A police officer comes to the clinic to obtain an ecg. the officer does not want to comply with your request to use the locker to store the police radio and gun during the exam. suggest alternative solutions to storing the radio and gun in the locker. line f has a slope of -9/2. line g is perpendicular to f what is the slope of line g File attached, please help, will give brainliest to fight the japaneses, the unites states used the strategy of case study: Coca-Cola Sentiment Before and After the Ad Airingdiscuss this case study in 200 words Which term describes the situation, for xlinked genes, in human and drosophila males who have only one x chromosome?a. heterozygous b. hemizygous homozygous c. homogametic d. dioecious If you have 140. ml of a 0.100 m mops buffer at ph 7.20 and you add 4.00 ml of 1.00 m hcl, what will be the new ph? (the pka of mops is 7.20.) El resumen de la danza the products in a monopolistically competitive industry are multiple choice uncompetitive. competitive. heterogeneous. homogeneous. In making collection telephone calls to a group of accounts, how should the accounts be organized to determine where to begin?Select one:a. Organize the accounts alphabetically and start with the letter A.b. Organize the accounts by account number and start with number 1.c. Organize the accounts according the number of days past the date of service the account is delinquent.d. Determine which patient you think may be easier to collect from and start with that account. Bacteria in your body outnumber your cells 10 to one.True or false Need answers ASAP. Please help which possibility would have a large impact on the environment?(1 point) responses a population of robins compete for food a population of robins compete for food a nest of robin eggs is abandoned a nest of robin eggs is abandoned a single robin dies a single robin dies a population of robins die Frederick griffith's work with two strains of the same bacteria, one harmful and the other harmless, showed that: a. a dna molecule is a double helix. b. cells contain a transforming factor. o c. dna carries a code for making proteins pls help d. two alleles interact to produce a trait. submit the combined perimeter of a circle and square is 16 cm. find the dimensions of the circle and square that produce a minimum total area. Answer this arithmetic progression question and get 50 points + brainliest