Answer:
7.129
Explanation:
1.239+2.36.6.7800
sorption is which type of phenomenon
Answer:
Sorption is a concomitant phenomenon of adsorption and absorption. Adsorption describes the phenomenon in which molecules that are present in a fluid (liquid or gas), concentrated spontaneously on a solid surface by a finite time. Sorption is a concomitant phenomenon of adsorption and absorption.
9.0 l of o2 react with excess co at stp. how many moles of co2 form during the reaction?2CO(g)+O2(g)→2CO2(g)
The chemical equation for the interaction of CO and O2 to produce CO2 is as follows:
O2(g) + 2CO(g) 2CO2 (g)
According to the equation, 2 moles of CO and 1 mole of O2 combine to generate 2 moles of CO2. In order to determine how many moles of CO2 were produced, we must first determine how many moles of O2 were involved in the process.
1 mole of any gas takes up 22.4 L of space at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure). As a result, 9.0 L of oxygen at STP is:
9.0 L/22.4 L/mol equals 0.402 moles of oxygen
We can determine how many moles of CO2 were produced since 1 mole of O2 combines with 2 moles of CO to make 2 moles of CO2.
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Answer:0.80
Explanation: easier to read than what ever that is above
Ammonia (NH3) reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen monoxide and water. All the materials involved in this reaction are gasses. 0.100 moles of each of the reactants are initially introduced to a 5.0-liter reaction vessel. a. What would be the quantity of each gas in the container upon completion of the reaction? b.What would be the partial pressure of each gas on the reaction vessel upon reaction completion if the temperature of the system is 105 degrees C? c. What is the total pressure of all the gases on the reaction vessel at 105 degrees C?
Answer:
a. 0.02 moles of NH₃, 0 moles of O₂, 0.08 moles of NO, 0.12 moles of H₂O
b. \(P_{NH_3}\) = 12,576.5 Pa, \(P_{NO}\) = 50,306.05 Pa, \(P_{H_2O}\) = 74,459.1 Pa
c. The total pressure is 138,341.64 Pa
Explanation:
a. NH₃ + O₂ → NO + H₂O
The balanced chemical equation is first found to be
4NH₃ + 5O₂ → 4NO + 6H₂O
Therefore, we have;
4 moles of NH₃ reacts with 5 moles of O₂ to form 4 moles of NO and 6 moles H₂O
Dividing by the reactant with the highest number of moles which is 5 moles of oxygen gives;
4/5 moles of NH₃ reacts with 5/5 moles of O₂ to form 4/5 moles of NO and 6/5 moles H₂O
Which is the same as 4/5 moles of NH₃ reacts with 1 mole of O₂ to form 4/5 moles of NO and 6/5 moles H₂O
Multiplying by 0.100 gives;
0.1×4/5 moles of NH₃ reacts with 0.1 mole of O₂ to form 0.1×4/5 moles of NO and 0.1×6/5 moles H₂O
The quantity of each gas in the container upon completion of the reaction is therefore;
(0.1 - 0.1×4/5) = 0.02 moles of NH₃
0 moles of O₂
0.08 moles of NO
0.12 moles H₂O
b. Given that the temperature = 105°C, we have;
PV = nRT
P = nRT/V
Where:
n = Total number of moles = 0.02 + 0.08 + 0.12 = 0.22 moles
R = Universal gas constant = 8.3145 J/(mol·K)
T = Temperature = 105°C = 378.15 K
V = Volume = 5 litre = 0.005 m³
P = 0.22×8.3145×378.15/0.005 = 138,341.64 Pa
From Dalton's law of partial pressure, we have;
Partial pressure Pₓ = Xₓ × P
Where:
Xₓ = Mole fraction
Which gives for ammonia NH₃ with 0.02 moles;
Mole fraction = 0.02/0.22 = 1/11
\(P_{NH_3}\) = 1/11 × 138,341.64 = 12,576.5 Pa
For the 0.08 moles of NO, we have
Mole fraction = 0.08/0.22 = 4/11
\(P_{NO}\) = 4/11 × 138,341.64 = 50,306.05 Pa
For the 0.12 moles H₂O
P = 0.12×8.3145×378.15/0.005 = 74,459.1 Pa
Mole fraction = 0.12/0.22 = 6/11
\(P_{H_2O}\) = 6/11 × 138,341.64 = 74,459.1 Pa
c. The total pressure = 12,576.5 Pa + 50,306.05 Pa + 74,459.1 Pa = 138,341.64 Pa.
2S+3O2=2SO3. If 4moles of sulfur reacts with 9. 5 moles of oxygen, how many moles of oxygen would remain after the reaction?
Answer: 3.5 moles
Explanation:
For every 2 moles of sulfur consumed, there are 3 moles of oxygen consumed.
This means that sulfur is the limiting reactant, meaning that 2(3)=6 moles of oxygen will be consumed.
Thus, 9.5-6=3.5 moles of oxygen will remain.
The Ka of a bicarbonate ion, hco3- is 4.8x 10^-11 what [co3^2]/[hco3] ratio is necessary to make a buffer with a Ph of 11.00?
The ratio of 4.28 of [CO₃²⁻]/[HCO₃⁻] is needed to make a buffer with pH 11.00 using the bicarbonate ion (HCO₃⁻), which is a weak acid. The buffer equation for HCO₃⁻ is: HCO₃⁻ + H₂O ⇌ H₂CO₃ + OH⁻
Since the pH of the buffer is given, the pOH can be calculated using the equation:
pOH = 14.00 - pH = 14.00 - 11.00 = 3.00
The pOH can then be used to calculate the hydroxide ion concentration [OH⁻] using:
pOH = -log[OH⁻]
3.00 = -log[OH⁻]
[OH⁻] = 10⁻³ M
The bicarbonate ion is a weak acid and its conjugate base, carbonate ion (CO₃²⁻), can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
pH = pKa + log([CO₃²⁻]/[HCO₃⁻])
11.00 = -log(4.8x10¹¹) + log([CO₃²⁻]/[HCO₃⁻])
log([CO₃²⁻]/[HCO₃⁻]) = 11.00 + log(4.8x10¹¹)
log([CO₃²⁻]/[HCO₃⁻]) = 11.00 + (-10.32)
log([CO₃²⁻]/[HCO₃⁻]) = 0.68
[CO₃²⁻]/[HCO₃⁻] = antilog(0.68)
[CO₃²⁻]/[HCO₃⁻] = 4.28
Therefore, a [CO₃²⁻]/[HCO₃⁻] ratio of 4.28 is necessary to make a buffer with pH 11.00 using the bicarbonate ion0
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Question 1
What would you do to balance this reaction?
N.
2
H₂
NH3
a
H
A. Double the coefficient of N2 (2 N2)
B. Multiply coefficient of H, by 3 (3 H2)
C. Multiply subscripts of Hy by 3 ( H.)
D. Double the subscripts for NH3 (N2H)
E. Double the coefficient of NH3 (2NH3)
Answer:
Explanation:
nm
Predict the nature of the indicated
covalent bond. Please help
The indicated covalent bond is a sigma(single) bond which is a strong bond and cannot easily break.
What are covalent bonds?A covalent bond consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms. These electrons are simultaneously attracted to two nuclei. A covalent bond is formed when the electronegativity difference between two atoms is too small for electron transfer to form an ion.
Following are the types of covalent bonds:
Single Covalent Bond.Double Covalent Bond.Triple Covalent Bond.CH₃NH₂ is classified as a covalent compound with the IUPAC name methylamine. Each molecule contains one carbon atom, five hydrogen atoms, and one nitrogen atom, all held together by a single covalent bond.
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Temperature of the water to the nearest degree:___ °C
Answer:
From the image the answer is 24.
Answer:
24
Explanation:
thats from the image and every little line is 2 degrees Celsius and its 2 tiny lines away from 20
What is the final temperature of a 27.2-gram wooden block that starts at 23.4 degrees celsius and loses 759 joules of energy? The specific heat capacity of wood is 1.716 joules/gram degree Celsius.
Answer:
The correct answer is 7.1 degree C.
Explanation:
Based on the given information, the initial temperature or To of the block is 23.4 degree C.
The energy lost or Q from the given wooden block is -759 J.
The specific heat capacity or c of the wood given is 1.716 J/g°C
The mass of the wooden block given is 27.2 grams.
There is a need to find the final temperature of the wooden block, for this the formula to be used is,
Q = m × c × (T-To)
Now by putting the given values in the formula we get,
-759 = 27.2 × 1.716 (T - 23.4)
T = 7.1 degree C.
What is Technology mean?
Answer:
The branch of knowledge dealing with engineering or applied sciences is called technology .
Hope this helps you!
When k–1 > k2 (that is, when the rate constant for dissociation of the enzyme substrate complex is greater than the rate constant for conversion to product), the KM is most analogous to
1) the Kd
2) the Ka
3) the Kcat
4) the 1/Kcat
When k1 > k2, the KM is most analogous to the Kd. This is because KM is the concentration of substrate at which the reaction rate is half of its maximum velocity, and Kd is the dissociation constant, which is the concentration of ligand at which half of the receptor binding sites are occupied.
In both cases, they represent the affinity of the enzyme or receptor for the substrate or ligand, respectively. The Ka is the association constant, which is the inverse of Kd, and is not directly related to KM. The Kcat is the turnover number, which represents the maximum number of substrate molecules converted to product per unit time by a single enzyme molecule when it is saturated with substrate, and 1/Kcat is the catalytic efficiency, which is not directly related to KM either.
When k-1 > k2 (the rate constant for dissociation of the enzyme-substrate complex is greater than the rate constant for conversion to product), the KM is most analogous to: 1) the Kd
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Mercury-181 undergoes a-decay
↑Alpha, Beta,or Gamma Decay?
The Mercury-181 would undergo a beta decay to produce daughter nuclei. This would be the option B
What is a radioactive decay?We know that the term radioactive decay has to do with the kind of decay that involves the breakdown of an atom as we look at the formation of a new atom.
In this case, we can see that Mercury-181 undergoes a-decay. As the decay is taking place, there would be the loss of certain particles and there would be the formation of a new substance in the nuclear reaction.
Hence, in a nuclear reaction, there is the decay of a parent nucleus to produce a daughter nucleus.
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Li + HCl → H2 + Lici
17. the binding of the amino acid in aminoacyl-trna is a (n) a. amide c. hemiacetal b. ester d. ether
The binding of the amino acid in aminoacyl-tRNA involves the formation of an ester bond. Option b
Aminoacyl-tRNA is a complex molecule that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. It consists of a tRNA molecule covalently linked to an amino acid. The amino acid is attached to the 3' end of the tRNA molecule through an ester bond.
An ester bond is formed between the carboxyl group (-COOH) of the amino acid and the hydroxyl group (-OH) of the ribose sugar at the 3' end of the tRNA molecule. This ester bond is also referred to as an ester linkage. The formation of the ester bond is catalyzed by the enzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.
The ester bond in aminoacyl-tRNA is essential for protein synthesis. During translation, the aminoacyl-tRNA molecule carries the specific amino acid to the ribosome, where it is incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain. The ester bond is later hydrolyzed, releasing the amino acid for further use in protein synthesis.
In summary, the binding of the amino acid in aminoacyl-tRNA involves the formation of an ester bond between the carboxyl group of the amino acid and the hydroxyl group of the ribose sugar in the tRNA molecule.
Option b
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If a gas displays a solubility of 0.00290M at a partial pressure of 125 kPa, what is the proportionality constant for this gas in this solvent and at this temperature?
Answer:
The proportionality constant ( Henry’s constant) = 2.32 * 10^-5 M/kPa
Explanation:
Here in this question, we are concerned with calculating the proportionality constant for this gas.
Mathematically, we can get this from Henry law
From Henry law;
Concentration = Henry constant * partial pressure
Thus Henry constant = concentration/partial pressure
Henry constant = 0.00290 M/125 kPa = 2.32 * 10^-5 M/kPa
Number 1 I need help please
Answer:
a. The chemical symbols represent the chemical element and are 1 to 2 letters long.
Example: Er- Erbium
b. The chemical formulas identify each element by it's chemical symbol and indicates the proportionate number of atoms in each element.
Example: Salt- NaCI
c. A chemical equation is the symbolic equation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and formulas.
Example: H2+O=H2O (One water molecule)
What effect does a lone electron pair have on molecular shape?
A. The lone pair has no effect on shape.
B. The lone pair pushes bonding electron pairs away.
C. The lone pair stretches atomic bonds.
D. The lone pair forces atoms closer to the nucleus.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The lone pair pushes bonding electron pairs away.
How many moles of CaCl2(s) is in a sample of calcium chloride?
Answer:
To determine the number of moles of CaCl2(s) in a sample of calcium chloride, we need to know the mass of the sample and the molar mass of CaCl2.
The molar mass of CaCl2 can be calculated as follows:
Atomic mass of Ca = 40.08 g/mol
Atomic mass of Cl (x2) = 35.45 g/mol x 2 = 70.90 g/mol
Molar mass of CaCl2 = 40.08 g/mol + 70.90 g/mol = 110.98 g/mol
So, if we have a sample of calcium chloride with a mass of, for example, 5 grams, we can calculate the number of moles as follows:
Number of moles = mass of sample / molar mass
Number of moles = 5 g / 110.98 g/mol
Number of moles = 0.045 moles (rounded to 3 decimal places)
Therefore, the sample contains 0.045 moles of CaCl2.
Explanation:
1.Why is oil nonpolar?
2.Why is water polar?
The molecules of oil are nonpolar because their charges are balanced and therefore these molecules are not attracted by other in solution, while water molecules are polar because their atoms are arranged to form positive and negative poles in solution.
Why is oil nonpolar and water polar?Oil is nonpolar and water polar due to the active forces between molecules, in the case of non polar substances the charges are balanced while polar molecules contain negative and positive poles.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that oil is nonpolar and water is polar due to the charges of their atoms.
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what will be the final result (how much ice/water/steam and what temperature) when you mix together equal parts ice at 0o c and steam at 100o c?
The final result, ice at 0 °C and steam at 100 °C, will be liquid water at a temperature close to the melting point of ice, which is 0 °C.
When ice and steam are mixed together, the heat energy in the steam will be transferred to the ice, causing the ice to melt and the temperature of the resulting water to rise. The amount of heat energy required to melt a given mass of ice is known as the heat of fusion, and for water, it is approximately 334 J/g. The heat of fusion is the amount of energy required to change the phase of a substance from a solid to a liquid, and it is typically a relatively small amount of energy compared to the heat of vaporization, which is the amount of energy required to change the phase of a substance from a liquid to a gas.
As the heat energy is transferred from the steam to the ice, the temperature of the water will rise until it reaches the melting point of ice. At this point, the ice will have completely melted and the temperature of the water will remain constant until all of the steam has been condensed into water. The final result will be liquid water at a temperature close to the melting point of ice.
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Which of the following shows the conservation of mass during cellular respiration? 3 CO2 3 H2O energy → 3 C6H12O6 3 O2 6 CO2 6 H2O energy → C6H12O6 6 O2 C6H12O6 6 O2 → 6 CO2 6 H2O energy 6 H2O C6H12O6 → 6 O2 energy.
The reaction that has been, following the law of conservation of mass has been \(\rm C_6H_1_2O_6\;+\;6\;O_2\;\rightarrow\;6\;CO_2\;+\;6\;H_2O\;+\;Energy\).
The law of conservation has been given in the chemical reaction that there has been no loss or gain of the mass and energy.
The law of conservation has been evident when there has been an equal number of atoms of each element on the product and the reactant side.
Conservation of mass in Cellular respiration
The following reactions have been identified as:
\(\rm 3\;CO_2\;+\;3\;H_2O\;+\;Energy\;\rightarrow\;3\;C_6H_1_2O_6\)Carbon atoms
Reactant = 3
Product = 18
Oxygen atoms
Reactant = 9
Product = 18
Hydrogen atoms
Reactant = 6
Product = 36
The number of atoms is not equal on the product and reactant side, thus not follows the law of conservation of mass.
\(\rm 3\;O_2\;+\;6\;CO_2\;+\;6\;H_2O\;+\;Energy\;\rightarrow\;C_6H_1_2O_6\;+\;6\;O_2\)Carbon atoms
Reactant = 6
Product = 6
Oxygen atoms
Reactant = 24
Product = 18
Hydrogen atoms
Reactant = 12
Product = 12
The number of atoms is not equal on the product and reactant side, thus not follows the law of conservation of mass.
\(\rm C_6H_1_2O_6\;+\;6\;O_2\;\rightarrow\;6\;CO_2\;+\;6\;H_2O\;+\;Energy\)Carbon atoms
Reactant = 6
Product = 6
Oxygen atoms
Reactant = 18
Product = 18
Hydrogen atoms
Reactant = 12
Product = 12
The number of atoms is equal on the product and reactant side, thus follows the law of conservation of mass.
\(\rm 6\;H_2O\;+\;C_6H_1_2O_6\;\rightarrow\;6\;O_2\;+\;Energy\)Carbon atoms
Reactant = 6
Product = 0
Oxygen atoms
Reactant = 12
Product = 12
Hydrogen atoms
Reactant = 24
Product = 0
The number of atoms is not equal on the product and reactant side, thus not follows the law of conservation of mass.
Thus, the reaction that has been following the law of conservation of mass has been \(\rm C_6H_1_2O_6\;+\;6\;O_2\;\rightarrow\;6\;CO_2\;+\;6\;H_2O\;+\;Energy\).
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Answer:
the correct answer is c i got it right on the test
Explanation:
Calculate the volume in ml of 0.853 m ca(oh)2 needed to neutralize 52.1 ml of 0.821 m h3po4 in a titration.
note: the answer should have 3 significant digits. do not include the unit ml in the answer.
Volume in of 0.853 M Ca(OH)2 needed to neutralize 52.1 ml of 0.821 M H3PO4 in a titration is calculated as V = 0.751 mL.
What is titration?Titration is a laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis for the determination of the concentration of an identified analyte.
2H3PO4 + 3Ca (OH)2 --> Ca3(PO4)2 +6H2O
Number of moles = V * M
Molarity of H3PO4 = 0.821 M
Volume of H3PO4= 52.1 * 10^-3 L
Number of moles of H3PO4 = 0.821 *52.1 * 10^-3
Number of moles of Ca (OH)2 required to react with 2 moles of H3PO4 is 3
Number of moles of Ca (OH)2 required to react with 42.77 * 10^-3 moles of H3PO4
= 3/2 * 42.77 * 10^-3
= 6.41 * 10^-4
Given that molarity of Ca(OH)2 is 0.853 M
V= 6.41 * 10^-4/0.853
= 75.146 * 10^-3 L
V = 0.751 mL
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Predict the products and balance the equation.
NaCl (aq) + KNO₂ (aq) →
Sodium chloride is produced and used in the production of polyester, paper, rubber, glass, chlorine, household bleach, soaps, detergents, and dyes.
Is salt the same as sodium chloride?Chemically speaking, salt is a combination of chloride and sodium. Actually, the element that is most harmful to your health is sodium. (Therefore, the chloride is what gives food its "salty" flavor.).
Why do doctors administer sodium chloride to patients?To replace salt and water that have been lost from your body as a result of specific conditions, sodium chloride 23.4% injection is employed (eg, hyponatremia or low salt syndrome). Additionally, it is added to IV fluids that contain carbohydrates and parenteral nutrition total (TPN).
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Shivering, increased breathing and sweating are all examples of of a body working towards
Question 1 options:
ectotherms
endotherms
water
homeostasis
Question 2 (2 points)
Wolves moving farther up North because more humans live in St. Cloud is an example of the wolves needing
Question 2 options:
space
homeostasis
climate
shelter
Question 3 (2 points)
This helps break down food and transport nutrients through your body:
Question 3 options:
carbon dioxide
water
oxygen
blood
Question 4 (2 points)
Getting and using energy, reproducing, and maintaining structure are _______ of life.
Question 4 options:
challenges
adaptations
spaces
homeostasis
Question 5 (2 points)
You are hyper after visiting Minnesota's Largest Candy Store. This is an example of:
Question 5 options:
a response to an internal stimuli
a response to an external stimuli
both of the above
neither of the above
Question 6 (2 points)
Choose the abiotic part of an ecosystem:
Question 6 options:
you
bacteria
sun
Question 7 (2 points)
An ocelot, fleas, kapok trees and the Amazon river are all part of the same:
Question 7 options:
ecosystem
community
population
species
Question 8 (2 points)
Carbon makes up
Question 8 options:
glucose
carbon dioxide
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
2 of the above
all of the above
Question 9 (2 points)
Your body can use Nitrogen from
Question 9 options:
the air
bacteria changing it into ammonia
eating plants and animals
all of the above
Question 10 (2 points)
The coyote eating the deer hit by your truck is a
Question 10 options:
producer
consumer
decomposer
scavenger
Question 11 (2 points)
Wolves eat bison which eat grass. The grass is a
Question 11 options:
producer
consumer
decomposer
scavenger
Question 12 (2 points)
Squirrels living in my maple tree are an example of
Question 12 options:
mutualism
commensalism
parasitism
all of the above
Question 13 (2 points)
Honeybees pollinating tulips is an example of
Question 13 options:
mutualism
commensalism
parasitism
all of the above
Question 14 (2 points)
Choose all the populations that were affected by the lack of wolves in the Ecosystem Gizmo.
Question 14 options:
deer
bees
coyotes
grass
Question 15 (2 points)
All organisms are eaten by
Question 15 options:
producers
carnivores
decomposers
all of the above
15 is all the above Answer:
Explanation: i have the same thing
8. The following system contains 20.0 psi each of gases A and B in the end bulbs with an evacuated bulb in the centre. Both stopcocks are opened at once. What is the new overall pressure in the system?
I literally have no idea how to even start this, I know that the answer is 13.3 psi, but I don't have any clue why or how to get there.
Answer:
13.3
Explanation:
Before opening the stopcocks you have 40psi in total.
After that, those 40psi will be divided into 3bulbs, so 40/3=13.3psi for the system.
I'll give brianliest if correct .
What is it about water that makes it able to dissolve both polar covalent and iconic substances
Answer:
A solvent is simply a substance that can dissolve other molecules and compounds, which are known as solutes. ... Because of its polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds, water makes an excellent solvent, meaning that it can dissolve many different kinds of molecules.
Explanation:
Calculate the approximate volume of a 0.600 mol sample of gas at 15.0 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 1.10 atm.
ANSWER
The approximate volume of the gas is 0.13L
EXPLANATION
Given data
The number of moles of the gas = 0.600 mol
The temperature of the gas = 15.00 degrees Celcius
The pressure of the gas = 1.10 atm
To find the volume of the gas, follow the steps below
Step 1: Assume the gas is an ideal gas
Since the gas is assumed as an ideal gas, hence we can use the ideal gas equation to find the volume of the gas.
The equation is written below as
\(\text{ PV = nRT}\)Where,
P is the pressure of the gas'
V = volume of the gas
n is the number of moles
T is the temperature of the gas
R is the universal gas constant
Step 2: Convert the temperature to Kelvin
\(\begin{gathered} \text{ t = 15}\degree C \\ \text{ T= t}\degree C\text{ + 273.15} \\ \text{ T = 15 + 273.15} \\ \text{ T = 288.15K} \end{gathered}\)Step 3: Substitute the given data into the formula in step 1
\(\begin{gathered} \text{ Recall, that the universal constant R is 0.08205 L }atm\text{ mol}^-K^- \\ \text{ PV = n RT} \\ \text{ Isolave V in the above equation} \\ \text{ V = }\frac{nRT}{P} \\ V\text{ = }\frac{0.600\times0.08205\times288.15}{1.10} \\ \text{ V = }\frac{14.1856245}{1.10} \\ \text{ V = 0.12896 L} \\ V\approx\text{ 0.13L} \end{gathered}\)Hence, the approximate volume of the gas is 0.13L
Atomic radii decrease, moving from left to right across a period. As a result, the electrons become closer to the nucleus. What effect does this movement have on the ionization energy (the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom)? The ionization energy stays the same. The ionization energy decreases. The ionization energy increases. Electrons have no effect on ionization energy.
Answer:
The ionisation energy increases.
Explanation:
This is because the force of attraction between the electrons and the positive nucleus will increase
write the overall equation and mechanism for the synthesis of isopentyl acetate. include structures. include all reagents and products but not solvents. g
The overall equation for the synthesis of isopentyl acetate is:
Acetic Anhydride + Isopentyl Alcohol → Isopentyl Acetate + Water
The mechanism for this reaction is as follows:
Step 1: Protonation of the alcohol by the acetic anhydride
Acetic Anhydride + Isopentyl Alcohol → Isopentyl Acetate + Water
Step 2: Deprotonation of the newly formed acetate by the water, producing isopentyl acetate
Acetic Anhydride + Isopentyl Alcohol + Water → Isopentyl Acetate + Acetic Acid
Therefore, the synthesis of isopentyl acetate involves the reaction between acetic anhydride and isopentyl alcohol, followed by the deprotonation of the acetate by water.
Isopentyl acetate is an ester formed from isopentyl alcohol and acetic acid, which is used as a solvent in the production of essential oils and perfumes. In this reaction, the reaction between isopentyl alcohol and acetic acid is catalyzed by sulfuric acid. The mechanism of the reaction can be explained in terms of the Fischer esterification mechanism. The Fischer esterification mechanism is a chemical reaction that occurs between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to produce an ester. This mechanism involves the attack of the alcohol's oxygen atom on the carboxylic acid's carbonyl carbon atom. The carbonyl oxygen atom, which is double-bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom, is then deprotonated by the acid catalyst, creating an intermediate. The intermediate then undergoes a proton transfer reaction to produce the final product. The overall equation and mechanism for the synthesis of isopentyl acetate are as follows: CH₃COOH + CH₃CH₂CH(CH₃)OH ⇔CH₃COOCH₂CH(CH3)₂ + H₂OIn this reaction, sulfuric acid is used as a catalyst to speed up the reaction rate. The reaction takes place between isopentyl alcohol and acetic acid to produce isopentyl acetate and water.
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