Which of the following product situations is better suited to job order costing than to process costing? Each product batch is exactly the same as the prior batch. The costs are easily traced to a specific product. Costs are accumulated by department. The value of work in process is based on assigning standard costs.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The costs are easily traced to a specific product.

Explanation:

Job order costing involves production of products that are not identical whereas the costs expended on such production are easily traceable to the final product output. In other words , job order costing is basically used for custom jobs, hence very easy to know the make up cost of direct labor and materials used for each job.

In job order costing, specific cost is placed on each material and labor to the product, hence very expensive to use unlike process costing which work best for products that are identical and whose costs cannot be readily traced to its final output.


Related Questions

The United States Postal Service (USPS) is in which type of market structure?

A. Pure Competition
B. Monopolistic Competition
C. Oligopoly
D. Pure Monopoly

Answers

The USPS is a monopoly. To be specific, its a government/legal monopoly.
Im not sure abt this question but correct me if im wrong i think its pure monopoly

Write a list of at least 3 things that Eric has done right before applying for a loan.


Answers

Answer:

A. Three important Items to double check before submitting a loan application to underwriting.

• Completeness of data : One has to be sure that all important details are captured hence none is left out. It means that there are no missing information on the application.

• Calculations performed accurately: This means that calculations such as borrower's income, qualifying ratios are calculated accurately and also double checked for the purpose of the loan underwriting.

• Documentations required by the loan programme. All Documentations required by the loan programme must be double checked before submitting a loan application to underwriting.

B. List at least two things you would be sure to tell a borrower in preparation for closing

• I will seek clarity in terms of the money borrower would be bringing to the closing table.

• The date,time,venue of closing are essential for the closing hence will be communicated to the borrower. Also, there are no right or wrong answers that may be asked or given by the borrower during the closing.

C. List at least three calculations that are typically used during the course of mortgage loan transaction.

• Income calculation

• Front end and back end ratio (DTI ratio)

• Monthly payment.

Explanation:

The three things that Eric has done before making a loan application are as follows:

Careful examination of loan applicationCommunication to the borrowing party regarding the closing of the loanComputations related to the loan transaction

What is a loan?

A loan is an amount given to the borrowing party at an interest rate that can be annual, monthly, or quarterly basis by the lender.

Eric should make sure the three following things:

He should carefully read the loan agreement and its causes before accepting it by signing the document. He must ensure that the data is accurate and the calculations are correct in themselves.He should communicate with the borrower about the closing time period in advance so that no delay could happen.He computes the monthly installment to be paid by the borrower on the basis of his income and debt-income ratio.

Therefore, the three things which Eric should check have been explained above.

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Can anyone help me match these into the correct category?

Can anyone help me match these into the correct category?

Answers

Answer:

see below

Explanation:

Hotel chain owner

Owns all the products of the groupOwns the brand nameOwns all the properties in the groupRetains all profits of the group

Franchise hotel owner

Pays a fee to use the brand name and productsOwns one or more independent units

A hotel chain owner owns the entire business either as an individual or in a group. They have exclusive rights to the brand name of the business. They keep all the profits from the business but suffer all the losses.

A franchise is a business relationship where the business owner( the franchisor) grants a license to a third party ( the franchisee) to start and run a business similar to that of the franchisor. The franchisee gets permission to operates under the franchisor's brand name, colors, design, layout, and operating processes. They are allowed to trade franchisor's products and services.

[accounting] A retailer completed a physical count of ending merchandise inventory. When counting inventory, employees did not include $2,200 of incoming goods shipped by a supplier on December 31 under FOB shipping point. These goods had been recorded in Merchandise Inventory, but they were not included in the physical count because they were in transit. This means shrinkage was incorrectly overstated by $2,200.

Compute the amount of overstatement or understatement for each of the following amounts for this period.

a. ending inventory
b. total assets
c. net income
d. total equity

Answers

Answer:

a. Ending inventory  - UNDERSTATED by $2,200

The goods were shipped FOB shipping point which means that they should be included as inventory as soon as they are shipped by the supplier. As they were not, Inventory was understated by $2,200.

b. Total assets  - UNDERSTATED by $2,200

Inventory is part of Assets so if Inventory is understated by $2,200  then so are Total Assets.

c. Net income  - UNDERSTATED by $2,200

Ending Inventory is subtracted from Cost of Goods sold which is then subtracted from Revenue. As ending inventory was understated, that means Cost of Goods sold was Overstated and therefore had the effect of understating Revenue and by extension, Net Income.

d. Total equity - UNDERSTATED by $2,200

Net Income goes to Total equity as Retained earnings so if Net income is understated so also is Total equity.

The amount of understatement for ending inventory, total assets, net income, and total equity is $2200.

From the information given, the amount of overstatement or understatement for each amount for this period will be:

Ending inventory = $2200 = Understated Total assets = $2200 = Understated Net income = $2200 = Understated Total equity = $2200 = Understated

When inventory is understated, the assets will be understated too. Also, when net income is understated, total equity is understated too.

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Needs, product, source, price, and time could all be known as ______.

A.) Customer objections to a sale
B.) Economic services
C.) Sales promotion
D.) Channel management function

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

I asked my mom lol

Needs, product, source, price, and time could all be known as Channel management function. The correct option is d.

The channel management part of marketing includes essential components such as needs, product, source, price and time. Channel management entails organizing and carrying out the delivery of goods and services from the producer or manufacturer to the final customer. Determining the best products to offer requires an understanding of customer needs and preferences.

A steady and trustworthy supply chain is ensured by choosing the appropriate sources and suppliers. Pricing tactics are essential for luring clients and ensuring profitability. For the satisfaction and loyalty of the customer timely delivery is essential. A smooth flow of products or services, satisfaction of customer needs and optimum efficiency and effectiveness of the distribution process are all benefits of effective channel management.

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Professional organization is a structured group of professionals that interact to share resources and information in their field.

True
False

Answers

A professional organization is a structured group of professionals that interact to share resources and information in their field. Hence, the answer is true.

What is a professional organization?

Professional Organization is something or an institution that looks after the work and also the advancement of the particular corporate structures which are being involved here.

In this case, Professional Organizations work to understand the ways and also the means to work all along in a professional manner to achieve the goal of a particular organization in the most desired manner.

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The 15-year average return for the S&P 500 from January 1973 to December 2016 (29 separate 15 year periods) was as high as a 20% average annual return and as low as a 3.7% average annual return. Additionally, the average dividend yield for the S&P is 4.11% and the average annual dividend growth rate is 6.11%.

Using this information, please compare the investment in the 5% 15-year corporate bond with a $100,000 investment in a stock with a 3.7% dividend yield (10 percent less than the S&P 500 average yield) and a 3% dividend growth rate (50 percent of the S&P 500 dividend growth rate).

The annual investment returns are as follows:
Year 1 (13.40%) Year 2 (23.37%) Year 3 26.38% Year 4 8.99%
Year 5 3.00% Year 6 13.62% Year 7 3.53% Year 8 (38.49%)
Year 9 23.45% Year 10 12.78% Year 11 0.00 Year 12 13.41%
Year 13 29.60% Year 14 11.39% Year 15 (0.73%)


The bond interest payment of 5 percent is paid annually and not reinvested. To compare accurately with the bond investment, the stock dividend will not be reinvested, but paid annually as well.


Please calculate the value of the stock account at the end of each year and the dividend income from the stock on an annual basis.


Once you have performed the calculations, please let me know if you prefer to invest in a 5% corporate bond for 15 years or the stock and why.


What is the value of the stock after year 2? Year 8? Year 11? When does the annual dividend income of the stock exceed the annual interest income of the bond?

Answers

1. The value of the stock account after Year 2 is $155,401.626.

2. The value of the stock account after Year 8 is $96,110.0674.

3. The value of the stock account after Year 11 is $96,110.0674.

4. The annual dividend income of the stock exceeds the annual interest income of the bond at the end of Year 15.

Bond interest rate: 5%

Stock dividend yield: 3.7% (10% less than S&P 500 average yield)

Stock dividend growth rate: 3% (50% of S&P 500 dividend growth rate)

We'll assume an initial investment of $100,000.

Year 1:

Bond interest income: $100,000 * 0.05 = $5,000

Stock dividend income: $100,000 * 0.037 = $3,700

Value of stock account: $100,000 + ($100,000 * 0.2337) = $123,370

1. Year 2:

Bond interest income: $100,000 * 0.05 = $5,000

Stock dividend income: $100,000 * 0.037 = $3,700

Value of stock account: $123,370 + ($123,370 * 0.2638) = $155,401.626

2. Year 8:

Bond interest income: $100,000 * 0.05 = $5,000

Stock dividend income: $100,000 * 0.037 = $3,700

Value of stock account: $155,401.626 + ($155,401.626 * (-0.3849)) = $96,110.0674

3. Year 11:

Bond interest income: $100,000 * 0.05 = $5,000

Stock dividend income: $100,000 * 0.037 = $3,700

Value of stock account: $96,110.0674 + ($96,110.0674 * 0) = $96,110.0674

4. At the end of Year 15, the dividend income of the stock exceeds the interest income of the bond.

Stock dividend income: $100,000 * 0.037 = $3,700

Bond interest income: $100,000 * 0.05 = $5,000

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How do the McDonald brothers propose to control the involvement Ray Kroc would have in their business?

Answers

They buy a ring and then propose after

warfaa is setting up anew business. before selling anything he bought avan for $4500,a shop for $2000 and stock of good for $1500, he did not pay in full for the stock and still ownest $1000 from respect of them . he borrowed $5000 from farah . after the events just described and before trading start he has 400 cash in hand and 1100 cash at bank , calculate warfaa's capital.​

Answers

Answer:

$3,500

Explanation:

Calculation for warfaa's capital

ASSETS

Cash $1,500

($400+$1,100)

Inventory $1,500

Fixed Assets $6,500

($4,500 + $2,000)

Total Assets $9,500

($1,500+$1,500+$6,500)

LIABILITIES

Notes Payable $5,000

Accounts Payable $1,000

Total Liabilities $6,000

($5,000+$1,000)

CAPITAL $3,500

($9,500-$6,000)

Therefore warfaa's capital is $3,500

Which of the following would not be considered internal users of accounting data for a company? The controller of a company. Salesmen of the company. Creditors of a company. The president of a company.

Answers

Answer:

Creditors of a company.

Explanation:

Internal users of accounting information are those people who use the accounting information of the company, and that work at the company, in this case, the internal users are: the controller, the salesmen and the president.

External users of accounting information are those who do not work at the company, but may be involved with it in some way, for example, the creditors, or the tax authorities.

in preparation of standard cost we consider what situation macroeconomics or microeconomics???​

Answers

When preparing standard costs, we primarily consider microeconomics, which is the study of the behavior of individual consumers, firms, and industries. Standard cost is the estimated cost of producing a unit of product or service, based on historical data and budgeted costs.

It is used as a benchmark to compare actual costs with expected costs and to analyze the variances between them. In order to determine standard costs, we need to consider the cost of each individual input such as direct materials, direct labor, and overheads. This analysis is done at the microeconomic level because it involves the behavior and decision-making of individual firms and their interactions with suppliers, customers, and competitors.

The macroeconomic factors such as inflation, interest rates, and unemployment rates may also have an impact on the cost of production but these are generally outside the scope of standard cost analysis. Therefore, while macroeconomics can indirectly influence the cost of production, the focus of standard cost analysis remains on the microeconomic factors that affect the cost of individual inputs.

Overall, standard cost preparation involves a detailed microeconomic analysis to determine the estimated cost of producing a product or service, which is then compared with the actual costs to identify any variances and improve the cost efficiency of the firm.

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what is consumerism mean

Answers

Answer:

the protection or promotion of the interests of consumers.

The protection or promotion of the interests of consumers.

ABC Co wishes to undertake a project requiring an investment of $732,000 which will generate equal annual inflows of $146,400 in perpetuity. If the first inflow from the investment is a year after the initial investment, what is the IRR of the project? *

Answers

Answer:

The IRR of the project is 13%.

Explanation:

ABC Co wishes to undertake a project requiring an investment of $732,000 which will generate equal annual inflows of $146,400 in perpetuity. If the first inflow from the investment is a year after the initial investment, what is the IRR of the project?

   

The first inflow from the investment is a year after the initial investment. Solving for "n", we get:

$2,548,831 = 732000/(1 + n)^1

$732,000/((1*(1+n))^1) = $2,548,831

$n = ln(($2,548,831)/$732000)

Using the function of n that we found above:

$n = ln((($2,548,831/$732000))/1)  

Plugging in for "n" to get the IRR:

IRR = 13%

a
Jane bought a car two years ago for $45,000, financed it with a 48-month loan at 3.6% p.a., and has made
24 of the 48 payments.
IF
1. How much is her monthly loan payment?
1
2. What is her outstanding loan balance?

Answers

Answer:

not ure what the answer is jio;

Explanation:

The operating budget provides a roadmap for financial plans for a short-term, future period. What is a typical “future period” for an operating budget?

Answers

An operating budget is a financial statement that outlines the organization's expenditures and revenues for a specific period.

The operating budget is typically for a fiscal year, which is usually twelve months. The future period for an operating budget is usually a fiscal year or less than a year. The operating budget is critical because it establishes guidelines for financial activities and operations in an organization. It provides a roadmap for financial plans for a short-term, future period, which typically begins on January 1st and ends on December 31st.

An organization creates an operating budget to aid in the allocation of resources and expenditures to achieve its objectives for a given period. A typical operating budget is for a fiscal year. A fiscal year is the period when an organization prepares its financial statements. It is usually 12 months, but it may be shorter or longer depending on the organization. An operating budget typically covers one fiscal year; however, it may be longer or shorter based on the organization's preferences.

The future period for an operating budget is frequently updated to reflect the company's current situation and financial standing. It takes into account the actual results of the previous period and the estimated expenditures and revenues for the upcoming year to develop the operating budget for a future period.

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The study of economics is nothing but the study of a tree and a forest. Discourse with respect to branches of economics

Answers

The study of economics involves the examination of individual components represented by branches and the analysis of the broader system represented by the forest.

How does the study of economics relate to a tree and a forest?

Just as a tree consists of various branches that connect and support each other, the study of economics comprises different branches that explore specific aspects of the economy. These branches including microeconomics, macroeconomics and international economics focus on understanding and analyzing elements of economic behavior and systems.

The interplay between the various branches of economics contributes to comprehensive understanding of how individual economic decisions and activities collectively shape the broader economic system. By studying both the branches and the forest, economists can gain insights into the intricate relationships.

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Aintone machining estimated its manufacturing overhead to be 279000

Answers

All secondary expenditures incurred throughout the production process are considered manufacturing overhead. The units generated during a reporting period receive this overhead.

The answer is attached.

What is Manufacturing Overhead?

The marketing or management activities of a business are not included in manufacturing overhead. As a result, expenses for bad debts, audit and legal fees, and corporate salaries are excluded from production overhead.Assigning manufacturing overhead to the cost of goods sold (as reported on the income statement) and their cost inside the inventory asset account when preparing financial statements is required by both generally accepted accounting principles and international financial reporting standards (as reported on the balance sheet). It is up to each corporation to decide how to allocate costs; typical approaches are based on how much work goes into a product or how much space production machinery takes up.

Question: Antoine Machining estimated its manufacturing overhead to be 279,000 and its direct materials costs to be 450,000$ in Year 1 . Three of the jobs that Antoine Machining worked on in Year 1 had actual direct materials costs of $ 15,000 for Job AM002, 55,000$ for Job AM005, and  70,000$ for Job AM008. For Year 1, actual manufacturing overhead was  313,000$ and total direct materials cos was 540,000$. Manufacturing overhead is applied to jobs on the basis of direct materials costs using predetermined rates. Overhead applied in each of the inventory accounts is as follows: Work-in-process inventory Finished goods inventory Cost of goods sold Required: Prepare an entry to allocate the under- or overapplied overhead. Note: If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" In the first account fleld. View transaction list Journal entry worksheet A 20,088$ $63,612251,100$ Record the allocation of over- or underapplied overhead. Note: Enter debits before credits. Transaction 1 General Joumal Manufacturing Overhead Applied Work-in-Process Inventory Finished Goods Inventory Cost of Goods Sold Manufacturing Overhead Control Record entry Clear entry Debit Credit View general joumal. [table attached below]

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Aintone machining estimated its manufacturing overhead to be 279000

Type the correct answer in the box. Spell all words correctly. Which option in a presentation program contains the formatting and placeholders for all of the items that appear on a slide? The ____ option contains the formatting and placeholders for all of the items that appear on a slide.

Answers

The  "Slide Master option contains the formatting and placeholders for all of the items that appear on a slide.

The Slide Master is a feature available in presentation software, such as Microsoft PowerPoint or Slides, that allows users to define and apply consistent formatting and layout to all slides in a presentation. It serves as a template or blueprint for the design and structure of each slide.

By accessing the Slide Master, users can customize the background, fonts, colors, and other design elements that will be applied to all slides in the presentation. It also contains placeholders for various items commonly found on slides, such as titles, text boxes, images, logos, and footer information.

The advantage of using the Slide Master is that it ensures consistency and efficiency when creating and editing slides. Instead of manually applying formatting and placeholders to each slide individually, users can make changes to the Slide Master, and those changes will be reflected across all slides in the presentation.

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dawn, a sales executive at wind homes limited, sells building materials to the construction contractors in new jersey. she is able to achieve her annual sales target for wooden planks, but the sales of the other construction materials are far below the set target. dawn explains to her existing customers the benefits of buying the other construction materials from her along with the wooden planks. identify the strategy being used by dawn in this scenario.

Answers

Dawn, a sales executive at wind homes limited, sells building materials to construction contractors in new jersey. The strategy being used by dawn in this scenario is Full-Line Selling.

In trendy terms, a contractor is liable for making plans, main, executing, supervising and examining a construction creation challenge. The duty extends from the beginning to the stop of the task, no matter its scope.wellknown Contractors vs. Subcontractors. A contractor can be a widespread contractor or a contractor with a distinctiveness hired for a specific activity inside the creative industry. standard contractors are regularly capable of get higher pricing, each in terms of materials and labor, particularly if it means that a GC may be wanting greater of both for destiny projects. whilst a preferred contractor is honest and the running enjoy is a nice one, this bodes well for the timely crowning glory of your project.

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When an online travel agent gets paid a commission, that’s called a?

Answers

When an online travel agent gets paid a commission, that's called an affiliate commission. Affiliate marketing is a popular business model used by many companies to sell products and services online. In the travel industry, online travel agents (OTAs) partner with hotels, airlines, car rental companies, and other travel-related businesses to promote and sell their products. In return, the OTAs receive a commission on each sale made through their website.

The affiliate commission varies depending on the agreement between the OTA and the travel supplier. Some suppliers offer a fixed commission rate, while others offer a tiered commission structure based on the volume of sales generated by the OTA. Typically, the commission ranges from 5% to 25% of the total sale value.
To track and pay the affiliate commission, OTAs use affiliate marketing software that provides real-time tracking and reporting of sales and commissions. The software also ensures that the commission is paid accurately and on time.
In summary, an online travel agent earns an affiliate commission when they promote and sell travel products and services on behalf of travel suppliers. The commission is a percentage of the sale value and is paid to the OTA through affiliate marketing software.

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Suppose a firm manager has a base salary of $175,000 and earns 0.5 percent of all profits. Determine the manager's income if revenues are $10,000,000 and profits are $5,000,000. A) $150,000 B) $200,000 C) $225,000 D) $300,000

Answers

The manager's income is $200,000.

The option (B) is correct.

The expression "income" for the most part alludes to how much cash, property, and different exchanges of significant worth got over a set timeframe in return for administrations or items. There is no single, standard definition: pay is characterized by the setting in which the idea is utilized.

Income includes monetary as well as non-financial upsides of recompenses and perquisites. All pay is available under personal expense except if explicitly excluded.

Given;

Fixed salary = $175,000

Earns 0.5% of all profits

Profit = $5,000,000

Manager income = Fixed salary + 0.005 * Profit

Manager's income = $175,000 + 0.005 * $5,000,000

=> Manager's income = $175,000 + $25000

=> Manager' income = $200,000

Thus, the manager's income is $200,000.

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Entrepreneurs generally think differently about resources than do employee-managers in which of the following ways?

Answers

Managers want larger budgets; entrepreneurs work to do more with less.

How do entrepreneurs approach resources differently from employee-managers?

Entrepreneurs have a distinct mindset when it comes to resources compared to employee-managers. While managers often seek larger budgets to accomplish their goals, entrepreneurs tend to focus on doing more with less.

This difference in perspective stems from the inherent nature of entrepreneurship which involves taking calculated risks and maximizing efficiency in resource allocation.

Entrepreneurs understand that resources, such as capital, time, and manpower, are limited and valuable. They recognize that acquiring substantial budgets may not always be feasible, especially in the early stages of a venture.

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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
As a sales executive at a large corporation, Sonya earns____
the company's finance department as an accountant, earns
for every big sale she makes. Jessica, who works full time in the company’s finance department as an accountant, earns ____
1. a) a bonus
b) a commission
c) hourly pay

2. a)a bonus
b)a commission
c) a fixed salary

Answers

1) Is most likely b) a commission. Commissions and bonuses can both be based off sales performance, but the the fact that she gets it for every sales makes it sound more like commissions which tends to be a structural aspect of someone’s pay that happens repeatedly, versus a bonus which is typically a one time thing.
2) is fixed salary. Hourly pay usually applies to lower levels and fixed salaries are for higher level, executive, employees

The Answer of First question is option B "a Commission", and answer for second question is option C "A Fixed Salary".

Types of Earning

In a Corporate and private sector, there are many different kinds of earning, such as a fixed salary,  a commission or a bonus depends upon the job a person has.

In the First question Sonya is a sales executive, and we know sales is a commission based job, hence the correct option would be A Commission. A bonus is given for completing overall job target.

In the second question, Jessica who works full time as an Accountant which means her job is based on a fixed salary rather than a commission because she is providing professional service to the company. Hence the correct option would be Option C  Fixed Salary.

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12. Horizon Electronics is launching a new all-in-one product. The product can be used to play music, watch movies, check e-mail, and make phone calls. Because
there are so many features, you know there will be many questions. Your company is advertising a sale on the product, hoping that customers will buy it from your
store rather than online or at a competitor's store. How should you prepare for the large volume of customers asking about this product?
OA. Tell customers that they can call Horizon Electronics directly to answer questions about how to use the product.
OB. Rely on one of your co-workers to help you answer questions as he just bought the product for himself.
OC. Test the item on display making sure you can explain how to use each feature.
O D. Remind customers they can return the item if it is too difficult to use.

Answers

The best approach to prepare for the large volume of customers asking about the new product is:

OC. Test the item on display, making sure you can explain how to use each feature.

By testing the product on display and familiarizing yourself with its features, you will be able to provide accurate information and demonstrations to customers. This will help you address their questions and concerns effectively, increasing their confidence in purchasing the product from your store.

A capital budgeting method that takes into consideration the time value of money is the cash payback technique. return on stockholders' equity method. internal rate of return method. annual rate of return method.

Answers

Answer:

Internal rate of return method

Explanation:

Internal rate of return is the discount rate that equates the after-tax cash flows from an investment to the amount invested

Accounting rate of return = Average net income / Average book value

Average book value = (cost of equipment - salvage value) / 2

Payback calculates the amount of time it takes to recover the amount invested in a project from it cumulative cash.

Is haccp a state code

Answers

Answer:

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) require mandatory HACCP programs for juice and meat as an effective approach to food safety and protecting public health. Meat HACCP systems are regulated by the USDA, while seafood and juice are regulated by the FDA.

Local planning teams are often called planning .

Answers

Answer:Commissions

Explanation:an instruction, command, or duty given to a person or group of people.

Commissions I hope it’s right

North Company has completed all of its operating budgets. The sales budget for the year shows 50,820 units and total sales of $2,391,000. The total unit cost of making one unit of sales is $23. Selling and administrative expenses are expected to be $303,100. Interest is estimated to be $13,060. Income taxes are estimated to be $220,400.

Required:
Prepare a budgeted multiple-step income statement for the year ending December 31, 2017.

Answers

Answer:   Sales        2,250,000

Explanation:  

variable cost                      1,250,000

25 x 50,000

Gross Profit                      1,000,000

Fixed Cost

Selling & Administrative    300,000

Operating income         700,000

interest expense

10,000

non- controllable expenses 10,000

non-controllable income   690,000

income taxes                      200,000

net income                        490,000

Explanation:

the interest expense is not part of the operating cost, those cost are not part of the business activity. It is on the non-controllable expenses

The airline business is a very capital intensive business, what do you think it consists of ?
please sort in order the top three are based or further researched information and describe.

Answers

Airline EconomicsBecause of all of the equipment and facilities involved in air transportation, it is easy to lose sight of the fact that this is, fundamentally, a service industry. Airlines perform a service for their customers - transporting them and their belongings (or their products, in the case of cargo customers) from one point to another for an agreed price. In that sense, the airline business is similar to other service businesses like banks, insurance companies or even barbershops. There is no physical product given in return for the money paid by the customer, nor inventory created and stored for sale at some later date.Chief Characteristics of the Airline Business (Service Industry) Capital IntensiveUnlike many service businesses, airlines need more than storefronts and telephones to get started. They need an enormous range of expensive equipment and facilities, from airplanes to flight simulators to maintenance hangars. As a result, the airline industry is a capital-intensive business, requiring large sums of money to operate effectively. Most equipment is financed through loans or the issuance of stock. Increasingly, airlines are also leasing equipment, including equipment they owned previously but sold to someone else and leased back. Whatever arrangements an airline chooses to pursue, its capital needs require consistent profitability.High Cash FlowBecause airlines own large fleets of expensive aircraft which depreciate in value over time, they typically generate a substantial positive cash flow (profits plus depreciation). Most airlines use their cash flow to repay debt or acquire new aircraft. When profits and cash flow decline, an airline's ability to repay debt and acquire new aircraft is jeopardized.Labor IntensiveAirlines also are labor intensive. Each major airline employs a virtual army of pilots, flight attendants, mechanics, baggage handlers, reservation agents, gate agents, security personnel, cooks, cleaners, managers, accountants, lawyers, etc. Computers have enabled airlines to automate many tasks, but there is no changing the fact that they are a service business, where customers require personal attention. More than one-third of the revenue generated each day by the airlines goes to pay its workforce. Labor costs per employee are among the highest of any industry.Break-Even Load FactorsEvery airline has what is called a break-even load factor. That is the percentage of the seats the airline has in service that it must sell at a given yield, or price level, to cover its costs. Since revenue and costs vary from one airline to another, so does the break-even load factor. Escalating costs push up the break-even load factor, while increasing prices for airline services have just the opposite effect, pushing it lower. Overall, the break-even load factor for the industry in recent years has been approximately 66 percent. Airlines typically operate very close to their break-even load factor. The sale of just one or two more seats on each flight can mean the difference between profit and loss for an airline.Seat ConfigurationsAdding seats to an aircraft increases its revenue-generating power, without adding proportionately to its costs. However, the total number of seats aboard an aircraft depend on the operator's marketing strategy. If low prices are what an airline's customers favor, it will seek to maximize the number of seats to keep prices as low as possible. On the other hand, a carrier with a strong following in the business community may opt for a large business-class section, with fewer, larger seats, because it knows that its business customers are willing to pay premium prices for the added comfort and workspace. The key for most airlines is to strike the right balance to satisfy its mix of customers and thereby maintain profitability.

Why do you
think it's easier to forget entrepreneurship than labor or capital?

Answers

Entrepreneurship is much less tangible than other factors of production capital, that is why it's far more hard to discover.

Entrepreneurship is the assignment of latest business ventures that could eventually become profitable agencies. Some economists identify entrepreneurship as a factor of production due to the fact it is able to boom the effective performance of a company. Land refers to herbal resources, exertions refers to work attempt, and capital is anything made that is used to make something else. The final aid, entrepreneurship, refers to the capability to place the opposite 3 sources together to create capital.

Labor refers to all salary-incomes activities, including the work of specialists, retail workers, and so forth. Entrepreneurship refers back to the projects taken by way of entrepreneurs, who commonly begin as the first people in their firms after which regularly appoint different elements of production to grow their organizations.

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