which two particles have approximately the same mass?

When calculating the number of neutrons you subtract the mass number from the atomic number?

Since the vast majority of an atom's mass is found its protons and neutrons, subtracting the number of protons (i.e. the atomic number) from the atomic mass will give you the calculated number of neutrons in the atom. In our example, this is: 14 (atomic mass) – 6 (number of protons) = 8 (number of neutrons).

The number of moles of the gas in the pressure cooker is 3.4 * 10^-4 moles.

We know that the ideal gas equation is a fundamental equation that could be used to obtain the parameters that have to do with the gases. It is the relationship between the pressure, volume, temperature and the number of moles of the gas.

Now, we have the following information about the gas that we are supposed to work on and they are;

Temperature of the gas (T) = 394 K

Volume of the gas (V) = 5.68 liters

Pressure of the gas (P) =  205 pascals or 0.002 atm

Number of moles of the gas (n) = ??

Then we have;

PV = nRT

n = PV/RT

We then have to substitute the parameters here;

n = 0.002 atm * 5.68 liters/0.082 atmLK-1mol-1 * 394 K

n = 0.011/32.3

n = 3.4 * 10^-4 moles

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The addition of orthophosphate ions (PO43-) decreases the solubility of Pb2+ ions by forming insoluble lead orthophosphate (Pb3(PO4)2). This reduces the concentration of free Pb2+ ions in solution. Without orthophosphate, Pb2+ ions remain more soluble and are present as free ions in higher concentrations.

When orthophosphate (PO43-) is added to a solution containing lead ions (Pb2+), it forms an insoluble compound called lead orthophosphate (Pb3(PO4)2). The addition of orthophosphate affects the solubility of lead ions, leading to key differences in the solubility equilibrium and the concentration of free Pb2+.

Without orthophosphate:

In the absence of orthophosphate, the solubility equilibrium of lead compounds, such as lead chloride (PbCl2) or lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2), can be represented as follows:

PbX2 (s) ⇌ Pb2+ (aq) + 2X- (aq)

The solubility product constant (Ksp) expression for this equilibrium is given by:

Ksp = [Pb2+] [X-]^2

Where [Pb2+] represents the concentration of free lead ions and [X-] represents the concentration of the anion derived from the lead compound.

With orthophosphate:

Upon adding orthophosphate (PO43-), the following reaction occurs between lead ions and orthophosphate ions:

Pb2+ (aq) + 2PO43- (aq) ⇌ Pb3(PO4)2 (s)

Lead orthophosphate (Pb3(PO4)2) is insoluble and precipitates out of the solution. This removal of lead ions from the aqueous phase effectively reduces the concentration of free Pb2+ in the solution.

As a result, the concentration of free Pb2+ decreases in the presence of orthophosphate compared to the situation without orthophosphate. This reduction is due to the formation of the insoluble lead orthophosphate compound, which removes lead ions from the solution and decreases their availability for complexation or further reactions.

Overall, the addition of orthophosphate shifts the equilibrium towards the formation of lead orthophosphate, reducing the concentration of free Pb2+ ions in the solution.

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Answer:

Sound waves travel at different speeds when traveling through different materials

Explanation:

This is because in water the particles are more closely packed together, therefore making the sound travel faster and sound louder. The opposite is the same for air.

Answer:

the empirical formula is \(H_2NO_2\)

Explanation:

The empirical formula is

The following information is given

It contains 29.17 mass percentage of N

4.20 mass percentage of H

And, 66.63 mass percentage of 0

Now based on the above information, the empirical formula is \(H_2NO_2\)

hence, the same is to be considered and relevant too

Considering the definition of empirical formula,  the empirical formula is H₂N₁O₂= H₂NO₂

The empirical formula is the simplest expression to represent a chemical compound, which indicates the elements that are present and the minimum proportion in whole numbers that exist between its atoms, that is, the subscripts of chemical formulas are reduced to the most integers small as possible.

Hydroxylamine nitrate contains 29.17 mass % N, 4.20 mass % H, and 66.63 mass % O.

Assuming a 100 grams sample, the percentages match the grams in the sample. So you have 29.17 grams of N, 4.20 grams of H and 66.63 grams of O.

Then it is possible to calculate the number of moles of each atom in the molecule, taking into account the corresponding molar mass:

The empirical formula must be expressed using whole number relationships, for this the numbers of moles are divided by the smallest result of those obtained. In this case:

Therefore the H: N: O mole ratio is 2: 1: 2

Finally, the empirical formula is H₂N₁O₂= H₂NO₂

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Answer

2.06x 10²⁴ atoms

Procedure

To calculate the atoms in a molecule we will need to multiply the moles by Avogadro's number 6.0221408 x 10²³.

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

A dipole refers to a bond in which its two ends have opposite charges. A dipole results from a large difference in electronegativity between two atoms in a bond.

For instance, consider the bond between hydrogen and chlorine in HCl. The electronegativity of hydrogen is 2.2 while that of chlorine is 3.16. The significant electronegativity difference between the two atoms leads to a charge separation.

A partial positive charge appears on the atom that is less electronegative (hydrogen) while a negative charge appears on the more electronegative atom (chlorine).

This charge separation occurs because the shared electrons of the bond are more closely attracted to chlorine making it partially negative compared to hydrogen. A dipole moment now exists in the H-Cl bond hence the molecule is said to have a dipole.

The % ee (enantiomeric excess) of the mixture can be calculated as 7.8%.

Enantiomeric excess (% ee) is a measure of the purity of a chiral compound or mixture, indicating the percentage of one enantiomer present in excess over the other. To calculate % ee, we need the observed rotation value and the specific rotation of the pure enantiomer. The formula for % ee is:

% ee = (observed rotation / specific rotation) × 100

The observed rotation is 0.78 and the specific rotation is not provided. However, if we assume a specific rotation of 1 (arbitrary units), we can calculate a relative % ee:

% ee = (0.78 / 1) × 100 = 78%

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Answer:

A i did it on edge

Explanation:

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Answer:

About 164 grams

Explanation:

The molecular formula of calcium nitrate is \(Ca(NO_3)_2\). The molar mass of calcium is about 40, while the molar mass of nitrogen is about 14 and oxygen is about 16. Therefore, the molar mass of it is:

\(40+2(14+3(16))=40+2(14+48)=40+124=164\)

Hope this helps!

The exact percentage of KHP in the original sample is approximately 78.05%.

Let's calculate the exact values step by step:

Given:

Mass of KHP sample = 0.5366 g

Volume of NaOH solution used = 21.35 mL

Molarity of NaOH solution = 0.09854 M

Step 1: Calculate the moles of NaOH used in the titration

Volume of NaOH solution (in liters) = 21.35 mL / 1000 mL/L = 0.02135 L

Moles of NaOH = Molarity of NaOH × Volume of NaOH solution

Moles of NaOH = 0.09854 M × 0.02135 L = 0.002101639 moles

Step 2: Moles of KHP = Moles of NaOH

Moles of KHP = 0.002101639 moles

Step 3: Calculate the molar mass of KHP

Molar mass of KHP = (8 × atomic mass of carbon) + (5 × atomic mass of hydrogen) + atomic mass of potassium + (4 × atomic mass of oxygen)

Molar mass of KHP = (8 × 12.01) + (5 × 1.01) + 39.10 + (4 × 16.00)

Molar mass of KHP = 204.221 g/mol

Step 4: Calculate the percentage of KHP

Percentage of KHP = (Moles of KHP × Molar mass of KHP) / Mass of KHP sample × 100%

Percentage of KHP = (0.002101639 moles × 204.221 g/mol) / 0.5366 g × 100%

Percentage of KHP ≈ 78.05%

Therefore, the exact percentage of KHP in the original sample is approximately 78.05%.

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Answer:

\(0.12g/cm^3\)

Explanation:

Firstly, you should use this formula :

\(Density=\frac{mass}{volume}\)

We know the mass is 16.14g, and volume as \(138.4ml\).

Also remember to convert \(ml\) to \(cm^3\), where \(1ml = 1cm^3\)

Therefore, \(138.4ml=138.4cm^3\).

Substitute the value :

\(\frac{16.14g}{138.4cm^3}=0.1166g/cm^3\)

Rounding it to 2 significant figure :

\(0.12g/cm^3\)

0.966 grams of Na₂S₂O₃ is needed to dissolve 0.44 grams of AgBr in a solution volume of 1.0 liter.

Given:

Ksp for AgBr is 3.3 × 10⁻¹

The molar solubility of AgBr using the solubility product constant (Ksp) for AgBr:

AgBr ⇌ Ag+ + Br-

Ksp = [Ag+][Br-]

The Ksp expression for AgBr can be written as:

Ksp = [Ag+][Br-] = (x)(x) = x²

Substitute the values in above equation:

3.3 × 10⁻¹³ = x²

Taking the square root of both sides gives:

x = \(\sqrt{(3.3 * 10^{-13} )}\) = 5.74 × 10⁻⁷ M

Use stoichiometry to find the amount of  Na₂S₂O₃ required. The balanced equation for the reaction between AgBr and  Na₂S₂O₃ is:

2AgBr + 3 Na₂S₂O₃ ⇌ Ag₂(S₂O₃)₃ + 6NaBr

From the stoichiometry, the ratio of AgBr to  Na₂S₂O₃ is 2:3. Therefore, the moles of  Na₂S₂O₃ required can be calculated as follows:

moles of  Na₂S₂O₃ = (moles of AgBr) × (3/2)

moles of AgBr = mass of AgBr / molar mass of AgBr

moles of AgBr = 0.44 g / (107.87 g/mol) = 0.004074 mol

moles of  Na₂S₂O₃ = (0.004074 mol) × (3/2) = 0.006111 mol

Calculate the mass of  Na₂S₂O₃ required using its molar mass:

mass of  Na₂S₂O₃3 = moles of  Na₂S₂O₃ × molar mass of  Na₂S₂O₃

mass of  Na₂S₂O₃ = 0.006111 mol × (158.11 g/mol)

= 0.966 g

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Answer:

J.J. Thomson's experiments with cathode-ray tubes showed that all atoms contain tiny negatively charged subatomic particles or electrons. Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that the atom is mostly empty space with a tiny, dense, positively-charged nucleus. I would describe the structure of an atom as the plum pudding model.

The correct balanced reaction for the given cell diagram is option B:

2 Al(s) + 3 Cd²⁺(aq) → 2 Al³⁺(aq) + 3 Cd(s)

The balanced reaction for the given cell diagram can be determined by looking at the half-reactions occurring at each electrode. The cell diagram is written in the form:

Al(s) | Al³⁺(aq) || Cd²⁺(aq) | Cd(s)

The half-reaction at the anode (left side) is the oxidation half-reaction, and the half-reaction at the cathode (right side) is the reduction half-reaction.

From the cell diagram, we can identify the half-reactions as follows:

Anode (oxidation): Al(s) → Al³⁺(aq) + 3e⁻

Cathode (reduction): Cd²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → Cd(s)

To balance the number of electrons transferred in both half-reactions, we need to multiply the reduction half-reaction by 3 and the oxidation half-reaction by 2:

2 Al(s) → 2 Al³⁺(aq) + 6e⁻

3 Cd²⁺(aq) + 6e⁻ → 3 Cd(s)

Now, we can combine the balanced half-reactions to obtain the balanced overall reaction:

2 Al(s) + 3 Cd²⁺(aq) → 2 Al³⁺(aq) + 3 Cd(s)

Therefore, the correct balanced reaction for the given cell diagram is option B:

2 Al(s) + 3 Cd²⁺(aq) → 2 Al³⁺(aq) + 3 Cd(s)

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The total volume of CO2(g) and H2O(g) produced by the combustion of 1.00L of C2H6(g) at 600 degree Celsius and 0.888 atm is approximately 2.86 L measured at STP.

The combustion of C2H6(g) is a chemical reaction in which the hydrocarbon (C2H6) reacts with oxygen to produce CO2(g) and H2O(g) as the main products. The balanced equation for this reaction is:

C2H6(g) + 7/2 O2(g) -> 2 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(g)

According to the ideal gas law (PV = nRT), the volume of a gas is proportional to its temperature and pressure. Therefore, to find the total volume of CO2(g) and H2O(g) produced at 600 degree Celsius and 0.888 atm, we need to convert these conditions to the standard temperature and pressure (STP), which is defined as 0 degree Celsius and 1 atm.

First, we calculate the number of moles of C2H6(g) consumed in the reaction by using the Ideal Gas Law:

PV = nRT

Where:

P = 0.888 atm

V = 1.00 L

R = 8.31 J/mol*K

T = (600 + 273) K

n = (PV)/(RT) = (0.888 * 1.00)/(8.31 * (600 + 273)) = 0.0257 moles

Next, we use the mole ratios from the balanced chemical equation to find the number of moles of CO2(g) and H2O(g) produced:

n(CO2) = 2 * 0.0257 = 0.0514 moles

n(H2O) = 3 * 0.0257 = 0.0771 moles

Finally, we use the Ideal Gas Law to find the volume of CO2(g) and H2O(g) at STP:

V = nRT/P

Where:

P = 1 atm

T = 273 K

V(CO2) = n(CO2) * R * T/P = 0.0514 * 8.31 * 273/1 = 12.06 L

V(H2O) = n(H2O) * R * T/P = 0.0771 * 8.31 * 273/1 = 17.80 L

The total volume of CO2(g) and H2O(g) is the sum of their individual volumes, which is approximately 2.86 L.

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Answer: Both the given species are isotopes of the same element.

Explanation:

An isotope is defined as the chemical species that have the same atomic number but a different mass number.

The atom consists of 3 subatomic particles:

An atomic number is defined as the number of protons or number of electrons present in a neutral atom. It remains specific for a particular element.

Mass number is defined as the sum of the number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom.

Given values:

For isotope 1:

Number of protons = 11 = atomic number

Number of neutrons = 13

Mass number = 11 + 13 = 24

For isotope 2:

Number of protons = 11 = atomic number

Number of neutrons = 12

Mass number = 11 + 12 = 23

As the atomic number of both the isotopes is the same. Thus, they belong to the same elements.

Answer:

The answer is B.  A river is a body of water, therefore, there will always be some water running over the rock.

Answer:

The answer is: B

Explanation:

The reason for this is because when a rock is underwater (the river, in this case), the water runs across it non-stop until the rock is removed from the water. The only way it can be polished if it is submerged under the water for quite some time (years and years).

I hope this helped! :))

Answer

2

Explanation

Ethanoic acid has a chemical formula of CH₃COOH.

The total number of carbon atoms in ethanoic acid is 2.

When alkyl benzenes are reacted with HNO3 in H2SO4, they undergo nitration to form a mixture of ortho, meta, and para isomers. The ratio of these isomers depends on the electronic properties of the substituent on the benzene ring.

The substituents that are electron-donating (such as -CH3) increase the electron density on the benzene ring, making the ring more susceptible to attack by the electrophilic nitronium ion. This leads to a higher percentage of para product formation.

On the other hand, electron-withdrawing substituents (such as -NO2) decrease the electron density on the ring, making it less susceptible to attack by the nitronium ion. This leads to a lower percentage of para product formation.

Therefore, the rank of the alkyl benzenes from highest percentage of para product to lowest percentage of para product would be:

Toluene (-CH3)

Ethylbenzene (-C2H5)

Cumene (-C(CH3)3)

Nitrobenzene (-NO2)

Toluene would have the highest percentage of para product because the methyl group is an electron-donating group, increasing the electron density on the benzene ring. Nitrobenzene would have the lowest percentage of para product because the nitro group is an electron-withdrawing group, decreasing the electron density on the benzene ring.

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The stopcock is the uncalibrated portion of a burette.

A burette is an instrument use in quantitative analysis which has opening at both ends and a tap at one end and it is use to measuring volume of liquid in the laboratory.

Therefore, The stopcock is the uncalibrated portion of a burette.

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After valves are opened and enough time has passed for net movement of particles between containers to stop, pressure of gas in middle container will be closest to 3 atmospheres as pressure will be halved after opening valves.

Pressure is defined as the force applied on an object perpendicular to it's surface per unit area over which it is distributed.Gauge pressure is a pressure which is related with the ambient pressure.

There are various units by which pressure is expressed most of which are derived units which are obtained from unit of force divided by unit of area . The SI unit of pressure is pascal .

Pressure will be halved after opening valves as it will be bifurcated ,thus, 9/2=4.5 which is closest 3 atmospheres.

Thus,the pressure of gas in the middle container will be closest to 3 atmospheres.

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In the above intermediate chemical equation, oxygen will appear as follows: O₂(g) as a reactant (option B).

A chemical equation in chemistry is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction where reactants are represented on the left, and products on the right.

According to this question, an intermediate chemical equation is presented as follows:

As observed in the above chemical equation, oxygen will react in its gaseous form i.e. as a reactant.

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In order for us to have water to drink, it first needs to go through a process called the water cycle. And in that water cycle there’s a process called evaporation. Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas. In order for it to rain we need clouds and clouds are made of water.  The water is heated  causing water molecules to convert into gas, that gas then goes through a process called condensation creating clouds. At some point those clouds will be full of water, and all that water will then cause the cloud to release the water molecules causing rain.

The water cycle shows the continuous movement of water within the Earth and atmosphere. It is a complex system that includes many different processes.

There are four main parts to the water cycle:

Evaporation, Convection, Precipitation and Collection.

Evaporation is when the sun heats up water in rivers or lakes or the ocean and turns it into vapor or steam.

The water vapor or steam leaves the river, lake or ocean and goes into the air.

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Pictograms are illustrative symbols that make it clear to the user of a potentially dangerous product what kind of hazard was present. You can quickly determine whether a product is combustible or health risk.

To make it simple for the user of the a hazardous product to understand what kind of danger is present, WHMIS uses a set of standardised pictograms for product labels or data sheets. For workers, these hazard graphics provide clear and concise meaning.

The national ’s hazard standard for Canada is the Occupational Hazardous Materials Information Systems (WHMIS). Hazard classification, cautionary container labelling, the distribution of safety data sheets (SDSs), plus worker training programmes are the system's main components.

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Answer:

If you can identify the species that was being oxidized, its species that contains the element on the other side is the reducing agent.

For example, in the equation Zn + Cu2+ --> Zn2+ + Cu, the zinc was oxidized, making Zn the reducing agent.

The most difficult element to ionize among the options provided is helium (He).

Chemical element helium has the atomic number 2 and the symbol He. It is the first member of the noble gas group in the periodic table and is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas.[a] Its melting point at ordinary pressure is zero, and its boiling point is the lowest of all the elements. After hydrogen, it is the second-lightest and second-most prevalent element in the observable universe. More than 12 times the mass of all the heavier elements put together, it makes up around 24% of the total mass of the elements. Because of the extremely high nuclear binding energy (per nucleon), its abundance is comparable to that of the Sun and Jupiter.

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The molarity of the sodium nitrate solution is D) 1.87 M. To calculate the molarity of the solution, we first need to determine the mass of NaNO3 present in 1 L of the solution.

We can do this by multiplying the density (1.02 g/mL) by the volume (1000 mL) to get the mass of the solution, which is 1020 g/L.

Next, we need to calculate the mass of NaNO3 in 1 L of the solution. Since the solution is 15.6% NaNO3 by mass, we can multiply the mass of the solution (1020 g/L) by 0.156 to get the mass of NaNO3, which is 159.12 g/L.

Now, we can calculate the molarity of the solution using the formula:

Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution

To convert the mass of NaNO3 to moles, we need to divide by its molar mass, which is 85.00 g/mol. Therefore, the number of moles of NaNO3 in 1 L of the solution is 159.12 g/L / 85.00 g/mol = 1.87 mol/L.

Therefore, the molarity of the sodium nitrate solution is D) 1.87 M.

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Answer: B. Potential energy

Explanation:

There are several form of potential energy including gravitational, magnetic, electrical, chemical and eleastic potential

Answer:

Potential Energy

Explanation:

Potential energy is stored energy and the energy of position.

Chemical, Gravitational, and Elastic are all stored energy and the energy of position.

Hope this helps!

:D