why did the quantum-mechanical model of the atom become necessary?
Answers
In the late 19th century, studies of spectral lines and certain other phenomena were conducted, which helped in the development of quantum mechanics. The Bohr Model of the atom was the first atomic model to describe the atom's internal structure. It became clear, however, that the Bohr model was only successful for atoms with one electron, such as hydrogen. Atoms with more than one electron were more difficult to explain with this model.
Therefore, it became necessary to come up with a new model of the atom that could explain atoms with more than one electron. The quantum-mechanical model of the atom became necessary to overcome the limitations of the classical physics. According to classical mechanics, electrons should release electromagnetic radiation as they move in their orbits, which causes their orbit to collapse and the electrons to spiral into the nucleus. This theory was unable to explain the stability of atoms with more than one electron. As a result, the quantum-mechanical model of the atom was developed to overcome this limitation. The quantum-mechanical model is a model of the atom that combines quantum mechanics with classical mechanics.
In the quantum-mechanical model of the atom, electrons are not assumed to move in specific orbits. Rather, they move in orbitals, which are regions of probability where electrons are likely to be found. The quantum-mechanical model is a more accurate representation of the behavior of electrons in atoms. This is because it takes into account the wave-like properties of electrons, which classical mechanics does not. The quantum-mechanical model of the atom is essential for our understanding of chemical bonding. Chemical bonding is the process by which atoms combine to form molecules. The properties of a molecule depend on the arrangement of its atoms and the arrangement of electrons around the atoms.
The quantum-mechanical model allows us to predict the arrangement of electrons in molecules, which is essential for understanding chemical bonding. In conclusion, the quantum-mechanical model of the atom became necessary because the classical mechanics were unable to explain the behavior of electrons in atoms with more than one electron. The quantum-mechanical model is more accurate than the classical mechanics and has become essential to our understanding of chemical bonding.
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Related Questions
The density of molten lava increases as the lava cools and hardens. Give other examples of natural change in density
Answers
Answer:
When the water is frozen it turns to ice and the density decreases.
Explanation:
Have A Wonderful Day !!
Typical Pressurized Water Reactors can produce 1100 to 1500
megawatts, or about _______
Joules/second.
Answers
Answer: about 1,100,000,000 to 1,500,000,000 Joules/second
Explanation:
1 MW (megawatt) = 1,000,000.00 J/s (joules per second)
1100(1,000,000) = 1,100,000,000
1500(1,000,000) = 1,500,000,000
Raju and Ravi are standing on the opposite sides of a closed door, both of them are able to see
each other clearly. Which type of substance is used to make this door?
A. Transparent
B. Translucent
C. Opaque
D. All the above
Answers
Answer:
A Transparent
Explanation:
Hope it helps!!!
A car travels 100m in 2s northbound. What is it’s velocity
Answers
Answer:
50m/s
Explanation:
velocity= displacement/time
v=100m/2
v=50m/s
A single-storey office building has floor dimensions of 40m x 30m and a height of 3m to a suspended acoustic tile ceiling. The average height of the ceiling void is 1.5 m. A plant room is adjacent to the roof void. There is a common plant room wall of 10m x 1.5m high in the roof void. The sound pressure level in the plant room is expected to be 61 dB. The reverberation time of the roof void is 0.6 s. The plant room wall adjoining the roof void has a sound reduction index of 13 dB. Calculate the sound pressure level that is produced within the roof void as the result of the plant room noise. What would you suggest if you wish to further reduce the sound pressure level from the plant room to the adjacent rooms?
Answers
The sound pressure level produced within the roof void as a result of the plant room noise is calculated to be 48 dB.
To determine the sound pressure level in the roof void, we utilize the sound reduction index of the plant room wall and the sound pressure level in the plant room. The formula used for this calculation is L2 = L1 - R, where L2 represents the sound pressure level in the roof void, L1 denotes the sound pressure level in the plant room, and R signifies the sound reduction index of the plant room wall adjoining the roof void. Given that the sound pressure level in the plant room is 61 dB and the sound reduction index of the plant room wall is 13 dB, we substitute these values into the formula to find the sound pressure level in the roof void:
L2 = 61 dB - 13 dB
L2 = 48 dB
Hence, the sound pressure level produced within the roof void as a result of the plant room noise is determined to be 48 dB. To further reduce the sound pressure level from the plant room to the adjacent rooms, there are several recommended strategies. One approach is to improve the sound insulation of the common wall between the plant room and the adjacent rooms. This can involve increasing the sound reduction index of the wall by adding sound-absorbing materials or panels, or enhancing the sealing of any gaps or openings to minimize sound leakage.
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Which equipment is used to communicate with the EV and then safely charge the EV?
Answers
Battery Management System (BMS) is used to communicate with the EV and then safely charge the EV.
What is Battery Management System?Any electronic device that controls a rechargeable battery, such as by safeguarding it from operating outside of its safe operating range, monitoring its condition, calculating secondary data, reporting that data, regulating its environment, authenticating it, and/or balancing it, is referred to as a battery management system.
How are BMS systems operated?A sophisticated network of sensors and occupancy controls is used by a BMS lighting system. When rooms are empty or during set hours of the day or night, your managers can turn off the lighting automatically. The management of lighting also applies to loading docks, parking garages, and outdoor walkways.
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A sloth is climbing vertically on a vine. Its motion is shown on the following graph of vertical position y vs. time t.
What is the instantaneous velocity of the sloth at time t=8?
Answers
The instantaneous velocity of the sloth climbing vertically on a vine at t= 8 sec is 1.5 m/s.
Velocity is a vector quantity. There is both a magnitude and a direction to it. Speed is the measure of the magnitude of velocity. The meter per second is its S.I. unit. Other units like Km/h and Km/s are also included. [LT-1] is the dimensional formula for it.
Instantaneous velocity at any particular instant is given by the slope of the position-time graph at that particular instant. The slope of the curve is also equal to the tangent of the angle made by the slope.
In the given Graph, the instantaneous velocity at t= 8 sec will be given by the slope of the straight line from t=7 t0 t=9.
For t=7 sec, the value of y= 2 m
For t=9 sec, the value of y= 5 m
So instantaneous velocity at t= 8 sec is given by
V = (5 - 2) / (9 -7) m/s
V = 3/2 m/s
V = 1.5 m/s
Hence, the instantaneous velocity of the sloth climbing vertically on a vine at t= 8 sec is 1.5 m/s.
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What would happen if two gears were meshed with the same number of teeth?
Answers
Answer:
d ko alam eh ahahahahahhahahaa
The relationship of the two meshing gears does not change. Their teeth keep them rotating together in the same relative numbers of rotations.
What is the tension in the string when the meterstick is vertical?.
Answers
Assuming that the meterstick is in equilibrium, the sum of the forces acting on it must be zero. At the top of the meterstick, the tension in the string is pulling upward with a force of T, while the weight of the meterstick is pulling downward with a force of mg, where m is the mass of the meterstick and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Since the meterstick is vertical, the weight is acting straight down and the tension is acting at an angle of 90 degrees. Therefore, we can use the following equation to find the tension:
T = mg/cosθ
where θ is the angle between the string and the meterstick (which is 90 degrees in this case). Plugging in the values given:
T = (0.5 kg)(9.8 m/s^2)/cos(90°) = 0 N
Therefore, the tension in the string when the meterstick is vertical is 0 N.
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An optical device that reflects light ?
Answers
Answer:
Mirror
Explanation:
For the displacement field u(x,t)=u
i
e
i
with components given below, calculate the full three dimensional strain at the point p=e
1
+2e
2
+10e
3
u
1
=0.1x
1
x
2
u
2
=0.1x
2
+5
u
3
=500
Answers
The full three-dimensional strain tensor at the point
\(p = e_1 + 2e_2 + 10e_3\: is\: :\\epsilon =\left[\begin{array}{ccc}0.05x_2&0.05x_1&0\\0.05&0&0\\0&0&0\end{array}\right]\)
To calculate the full three-dimensional strain at the point \(p = e_1 + 2e_2 + 10e_3\), we need to find the components of the strain tensor \(\epsilon_m_n\).
The strain tensor εₘₙ can be calculated using the formula:
εₘₙ = (0.5) * (∂uₘ/∂xₙ + ∂uₙ/∂xₘ)
Given the displacement field u(x, t) with components:
u₁ = 0.1x₁x₂
u₂ = 0.1x₂ + 5
u₃ = 500
We can calculate the components of the strain tensor as follows:
\(\epsilon_1_1 = (1/2) * (\delta u_1/\delta x_1 + \delta u_1/\delta x_1)\\= (1/2) * (0.1x_2 + 0)\\= 0.05x_2\)
\(\epsilon_1_2 = (1/2) * (\delta u_1/\delta x_2 + \delta u_2/\delta x_1)\\= 0.05x_1\)
\(\epsilon _1_3 = (1/2) * (\delta u_1/∂x_3 + \delta u_3/\delta x_1)\\= (1/2) * (0 + 0)\\= 0\)
\(\epsilon_2_1 = (1/2) * (\delta u_2/\delta x_1 + \delta u_1/\delta x_2)\\= (1/2) * (0 + 0.1)\\= 0.05\)
ε₂₃ = (1/2) * (∂u₂/∂x₃ + ∂u₃/∂x₂)
= (1/2) * (0 + 0)
= 0
ε₃₁ = (1/2) * (∂u₃/∂x₁ + ∂u₁/∂x₃)
= (1/2) * (0 + 0)
= 0
ε₃₂ = (1/2) * (∂u₃/∂x₂ + ∂u₂/∂x₃)
= (1/2) * (0 + 0)
= 0
ε₃₃ = (1/2) * (∂u₃/∂x₃ + ∂u₃/∂x₃)
= (1/2) * (0 + 0)
= 0
Therefore, the full three-dimensional strain tensor at the point
\(p = e_1 + 2e_2 + 10e_3\: is\: :\\epsilon =\left[\begin{array}{ccc}0.05x_2&0.05x_1&0\\0.05&0&0\\0&0&0\end{array}\right]\)
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HELP ME PLEASE WITH MY HOMEWORK ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
Answers
Answer: Mass
Explanation:
Analyze the relationship between total internal reflection and the critical angle.
Answers
Answer:
5.15 when the angle of incidence is equal to critical angle the angle of reflection is equal to 90 if the angle of incidence is bigger than the critical anger the reflected ray will not emerge from the medium but will be reflected back into the medium this is called total internet reflection
Explanation:
hope it's helpful
What are Van der Waals forces?
A. A permanent dipole that causes hydrogen bonding in nonpolar
molecules.
B. They change polar molecules into nonpolar molecules
C. A temporary electron shift causing small dipole attractions
between molecules.
D. They are very strong
forces that exist between two different
molecules.
Answers
C. A temporary electron shift causing small dipole attractions between molecules. Van der Waals forces are temporary electron shifts that cause small dipole attractions between molecules.
Van der Waals forces are weak intermolecular forces that occur between nonpolar molecules or atoms. They result from temporary fluctuations in electron density, which create temporary dipoles. These dipoles then induce dipoles in nearby molecules, leading to an attractive force between the molecules. While these forces are weaker than other intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding, they still play a significant role in various chemical and physical properties of substances.
Van der Waals forces are temporary, weak intermolecular forces that arise from electron density fluctuations, leading to small dipole attractions between molecules.
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You are gardening in the peak of summer, it hasn't rained in a week, and your plants are looking rough. You decide to water the plants for an hour. The next day you come back to the garden, and the plants look in worse shape than they did previously, as if none of that water made it to the plant. With what you know from class, please try and explain what is happening to your plants.
Answers
In the peak of summer, it hasn't rained in a week, and the plants are looking rough, so watering the plants for an hour is a good idea.
However, the next day, you come back to the garden, and the plants look in worse shape than they did previously, as if none of that water made it to the plant. Plants absorb water through their roots. The root system of a plant is responsible for drawing water and nutrients from the soil. A plant's root system must be able to absorb water quickly in order for the plant to grow and thrive. When the soil around the root system is dry, the roots will stop growing and will not be able to absorb water.
It may even start to die. Watering plants during the peak of summer is important because it will help keep the soil moist and prevent the roots from drying out. However, watering a plant too much can be harmful. If a plant is overwatered, the water may not be able to penetrate the soil and reach the roots. Instead, it may just sit on top of the soil, causing the roots to rot and die. This can cause the plant to wilt and die.To summarize, if the soil around the plant is too dry, the roots may not be able to absorb the water you gave them, causing the plant to look worse than before. Conversely, overwatering can also be harmful because the water may not be able to penetrate the soil and reach the roots, causing the roots to rot and die.
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A circuit with a 25 V battery a 7 Ω resistor and 5 Ω resistor in series. What is the current throughout the circuit?
Answers
First, let's calculate the total resistance in the circuit.
Since the two resistors are in series, the total resistance is the sum of each resistance:
\(R=7+5=12\)Now, to calculate the current, we can divide the voltage by the total resistance:
\(\begin{gathered} I=\frac{V}{R} \\ I=\frac{25}{12} \\ I=2.083\text{ A} \end{gathered}\)Therefore the current is 2.083 A.
The Current throughout the circuit is 2.083 A.
To calculate the current, we will use the formula:
I = V / R
Where,
I = current,
V = Voltage of Battery.
R = Total Resistance.
Now, we will use the given values in the question,
V = 25 V
R = 7Ω + 5Ω
Now, we have to find total Resistance,
Total Resistance = 7Ω + 5Ω
= 12Ω.
Now, we will calculate the current using the above formula,
Putting all the values,
I = 25 / 12
I = 2.083 A.
Therefore, the Current running throughout the circuit is 2.083 A.
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What is the mechanical advantage of a pulley system that can lift a 120 N load with an input force of 20 N
Answers
The mechanical advantage of a pulley system is calculated as the ratio of output force to input force. In this case, the output force is the weight of the load being lifted, which is 120 N, and the input force is the force applied to the pulley system, which is 20 N. Therefore, the mechanical advantage of the pulley system is:
Mechanical advantage = output force / input force
Mechanical advantage = 120 N / 20 N
Mechanical advantage = 6
Therefore, the mechanical advantage of the pulley system is 6. This means that for every 1 unit of force applied to the pulley system, the load is lifted with 6 units of force.
a car travel the first 20km with a speed of 40km/h and the next 40km with a speed of 80km/h . find the average speed
Answers
Answer:
average speed is 60km/h
Explanation:
you sum up the speed attained in each distance covered and divide it by 2 to get your answer
Where does the force come from that propels a rocket forward?
Answers
it is called the trust Answer:
Explanation:
A person walks 15 km in 2 hour 30 minutes. Calculate his average speed.
Answers
Answer:
6 kilometers per hour
Explanation:
Distance = 15km
Time= 2 hours 30 minutes
Speed = Distance / Time
Speed = 15 / 2.5
Speed = 6 km per hour.
A kid is swinging on a swing at the park with an angle of 25°, is this considered simple
harmonic motion? Explain.
Answers
magine that you took a road trip. Based on the information in the table, what was the average speed of your car?
Time Mile marker
3:00 pm 32
8:00 pm 155
Answers
Imagine that you took a road trip. Based on the information in the table, what was the average speed of your car? 195 Time Mile marker 3:00 pm 28 8:00 pm Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
Based on the information in the table, we can calculate the total distance traveled by subtracting the initial mile marker from the final mile marker. 155 32 123 miles We can calculate the total time traveled by subtracting the starting time from the ending time. 8:00 pm 3:00 pm 5 hours to find the average speed, we can divide the total distance traveled by the total time traveled. 123 miles 5 hours 24.6 miles per hour Therefore, the average speed of the car during the road trip was 24.6 miles per hour.
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Name three ways you could increase the strength of an
electromagnet:
Answers
Answer:
adding more turns to the coilwrapping the coil around an iron, more specially a nail ironincreasing the current flow into the coilExplanation:
Two trolleys are moving in the same direction along a track. Trolley 1 has a momentum of 2 kg m/s and Trolley 2 has a momentum of 6 kg m/s. Trolley 2 catches up to Trolley 1. They collide, stick together and move off with a velocity of 2 m/s. Use the principle of conservation of momentum to work out the combined mass of the trolleys.
Answers
Hi there!
Recall the conservation of momentum:
\(\large\boxed{m_1v_1 + m_2v_2 = m_1v_1' + m_2v_2'}}\)
For this type of inelastic collision:
\(\large\boxed{m_1v_1 + m_2v_2 = v_f(m_1 + m_2)}}\)
Thus, the initial momentum equal the final momentum if there are no external forces.
We can begin by writing out this problem:
\(2 + 6 = v_f(m_1 + m_2)\)
\(8 = 2(m_1 + m_2)\\\\m_1 + m_2 = \boxed{4 kg}\)
A hydroelectric power facility converts the gravitational potential energy of water behind a dam to electric energy. (For each answer, enter a number.)
Answers
A hydroelectric power facility converts the gravitational potential energy of water behind a dam to electric energy using hydropower.
What is gravitational potential energy?According to their spatial configuration and the gravitational force—one of the four fundamental forces—that attracts them toward one another, masses have gravitational potential energy. Because Earth is so enormous in comparison to the items on it, it is simple to observe that the objects are being drawn (falling) towards the planet's center rather than the planet itself.
The interaction of gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, and spring energy can be seen in a potential energy simulation that can be played with. The simulation below demonstrates how kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy alternately flow (this is called mechanical energy).
The following formula is used to determine potential energy resulting from gravity.
E=mgh
E is energy, measured in joules (J)m is mass, measured in kilograms (kg)g is the acceleration due to gravity measured in m/s2. On the surface of Earth this is 9.81 m/s2.h is the height of an object relative to where it would be if it fell, measured in metres (m)A object can store more energy the more mass it has. At the same height, a 20 kilogram mass stores twice as much gravitational potential energy as a 10 kg mass.An thing can store more energy the higher it is. A mass that is 10 m above the ground has twice the energy storage capacity of a mass that is just 5 m above the ground.More gravitational potential energy will be produced by a higher gravitational attraction. In comparison to a mass 8 m above the moon, a mass 8 m above the surface of Earth accumulates a lot more gravitational potential energy.Some hydropower systems use gravitational potential energy in an indirect way. Due to its higher elevation than the water on the other side of a hydroelectric dam, the water behind one stores gravitational potential energy. This potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy when the water falls, turning turbines to produce electricity.
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determine the physical phenomenon that occurs
Answers
Answer: Core causes increase in magnetic flux in coil, hence greater change of magnetic flux.
Coil carrying alternating current has back emf.
Greater rate of change of magnetic flux causes back emf to increase.
Reduces net voltage & current decreases.
Light turns off because current decreases.
When iron core is removed back emf decreases & current increases, thus light turns on again.
Suppose the tourist in question 1 instead threw the rockwith an initial velocity of 8.0m/s[down]determine the velocity and the displacement of the rock at4.0s[remember thev is down and must become a 8.0 m/s]
Answers
Answer:
The velocity of the rock is 47.24 m/s
The displacement of the rock is 110.48 m
Explanation:
The initial velocity u = 8.0 m/s
time t = 4.0 s
Using
\(v = u + gt\)
where v is the final velocity of the rock after 4.0 s
u is the initial speed = 8 m/s
g is acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/s
t is the time = 4.0 s
substituting, we have
\(v = 8 + (9.81*4)\)
\(v = 8 + 39.24\) = 47.24 m/s
Also, using
\(s = ut + \frac{1}{2} gt^{2}\)
where
s is the distance that the stone fell
t is the time = 4.0 s
g is the acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/s^2
substituting values, we have
\(s = (8 * 4) + (\frac{1}{2}*9.81*4^{2})\)
s = 32 + 78.48
s = 110.48 m
Given:
Initial velocity, \(u = 8.0 \ m/s\)Time, \(v = 4.0 \ s\)Acceleration due to gravity, \(g = 9.8 \ m/s\)By using the relation, we get
→ \(v = u+gt\)
By substituting the values, we get
\(= 8+(9.8\times 4)\)
\(= 8+39.24\)
\(= 47.24 \ m/s\)
hence,
→ \(s = ut+\frac{1}{2} gt^2\)
\(= (8\times 4)+(\frac{1}{2}\times 9.81\times 4^2 )\)
\(= 32+78.48\)
\(= 110.48 \ m\)
Thus the above answer is appropriate.
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A sea turtle must crawl up a beach to lay eggs. Ignoring friction, what work must a 140-kg turtle do in lifting herself 2.5 m above the level of the sea?
Answers
Answer:
3500joules of work
Explanation:
Work done = Force×,distance
Given
Focrce= mass ,× acceleration = 140×10 = 1400N
Distance moved = 2.5m
Workdone = 1400×2.5
Work done = 140×25
Workdone = 3500Joules
Q1. An event has spacetime coordinates (x,t)=1,300 m,3.0 s in reference frame S. What are the spacetime that moves in the negative x - direction at 0.03c ? (1) Spacetime coordinates (Point System; 4 marks) (2) Use Lorentz transformation equation to answer the question (Rubric 4 marks)
Answers
The spacetime Using Lorentz transformation equation coordinates in the moving frame are (1303.93 m, 3.01 s).
Given information:
An event has spacetime coordinates (x,t)=1,300 m,3.0 s in reference frame S.What are the spacetime that moves in the negative x - direction at 0.03c?We know that the coordinates of the same event as observed from two different inertial frames are related by the Lorentz transformation equations.
Using Lorentz transformation equation:(x', t') = (γ(x − vt), γ(t − vx/c²))where γ = 1/√(1−v²/c²) represents the Lorentz factor, x is the position in the stationary frame, t is time in the stationary frame, x' is the position in the moving frame, t' is time in the moving frame, v is the relative velocity between the two frames and c is the speed of light in vacuum.We are given,x = 1,300 mt = 3.0 s, v = −0.03c (since the motion is in the negative x direction)∴ γ = 1/√(1−v²/c²) = 1/√(1−0.03²) = 1/0.997
The spacetime coordinates in the moving frame, (x', t') = (γ(x − vt), γ(t − vx/c²))= [1/0.997 (1300 - (-0.03c)(3.0))] m, [1/0.997 (3.0 - (-0.03c)(1300)/c²)] s= (1303.93 m, 3.01 s) [correct to 2 decimal places]
Therefore, the spacetime coordinates in the moving frame are (1303.93 m, 3.01 s).
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The region of a sound wave where the molecules are spread out is represents where medium become
Answers
Answer:
Sound waves are the longitudinal waves which are made of compression and rarefaction. So the compression is the region where the molecules compress so the ANSWER should be rarefaction region as the molecules spread out or expand.