why do you equalize the water level in the erlenmeyer flask and the pan of water?

1 mole of a gas at STP occupies 22.4 L volume

Now the volume is given =78.4 therefore,

No. of moles of gas = 78.4 ÷ 22.4 = 3.5 moles

I hope it helps you~

4709.25 joules of heat are absorbed when 25 grams of water increases temperature by 45 K.

Let suppose that temperature change experienced by water is entirely sensible. Then, we can estimated the heat absorbed by the water sample (\(Q\)), in joules, through this expression:

\(Q = m\cdot c \cdot \Delta T\) (1)

Where:

If we know that \(m = 25\,g\), \(c = 4.186\,\frac{J}{g\cdot K}\) and \(\Delta T = 45\,K\), then the heat absorbed by the water sample is:

\(Q = (25\,g)\cdot \left(4.186\,\frac{J}{g\cdot K} \right)\cdot (45\,K)\)

\(Q = 4709.25\,J\)

4709.25 joules of heat are absorbed when 25 grams of water increases temperature by 45 K.

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Approximately 61.14 grams of metallic iron will be produced at the cathode during the electrolysis of FeCl3 using a constant current of 2.75 A over a period of 10.9 hours.

The production of metallic iron at the cathode during the electrolysis of FeCl3 can be represented by the following half-reaction:

Fe³⁺ + 1 e⁻ → Fe²⁺

The Faraday's law of electrolysis relates the amount of substance produced or consumed during electrolysis to the quantity of electricity passed through the cell. It states that the amount of substance produced is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the cell, and the proportionality constant is the Faraday constant, which is equal to 96,485 coulombs per mole of electrons.

To calculate the mass of metallic iron produced at the cathode, we need to know the number of moles of electrons transferred during electrolysis, which is equal to the total charge passed through the cell divided by the Faraday constant:

total charge = current × time = 2.75 A × 10.9 hours × 3600 s/hour = 105,654 C

moles of electrons = total charge / Faraday constant = 105,654 C / 96,485 C/mol = 1.095 mol e⁻

Since the stoichiometry of the reaction is 1 mol of Fe³⁺ per 1 mol of electrons, the number of moles of Fe³⁺ that are reduced to Fe²⁺ is also 1.095 mol.

The molar mass of Fe is 55.85 g/mol, so the mass of metallic iron produced is:

mass of Fe = moles of Fe × molar mass of Fe = 1.095 mol × 55.85 g/mol = 61.14 g

Therefore, approximately 61.14 grams of metallic iron will be produced at the cathode during the electrolysis of FeCl3 using a constant current of 2.75 A over a period of 10.9 hours.

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Answer:

Could you provide an image?

If nitrogen atom and a slightly heavier oxygen atom have equal average speeds, then the greater kinetic energy is greater for : oxygen.

Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the speed of the molecules such that as speed of the colliding molecules increases, so does the total kinetic energy of all the gas molecules.

With the increase in temperature, particles obtain kinetic energy and move faster. The average speed of the particles depends on the mass and the temperature. Heavier particles move slowly as compared to lighter ones at the same temperature.

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Measuring the AC input in the back or measuring a case-to-ground voltage are safe and effective ways to ensure that a rectifier is safe to touch.

In order to ensure that a rectifier is safe to touch, one must take precautionary measures to avoid any potential electrical hazards. The first step is to turn off the power supply to the rectifier and disconnect it from any electrical source. Next, use a voltmeter to measure the AC input in the back of the rectifier. If the reading is above the safe limit, do not touch the rectifier and consult a professional technician to address the issue.
Another method is to measure a case-to-ground voltage or use an instrument that detects AC voltage. This will help determine if there is any stray current or voltage present that could be harmful. If the readings are within the safe range, then it is generally safe to touch the rectifier.
Opening the structure to check the meters is not recommended as this could expose one to live electrical components and pose a danger.

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The Correct representation of arrows are Arrow A :  74.6 kJ, Arrow B : Exothermic, Arrow C :  has a magnitude that is less than that of B, Arrow D : represents the overall enthalpy of reaction

Those reactions which releases energy are called as exothermic reactions.

Correct representations of arrows based on the diagram ;

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Answer:

The above answers are correct! If you want it a little more simply tho:

Arrow A: Option A

Arrow B: Option B

Arrow C: Option B

Arrow D: Option C

Explanation:

Hope this gave a little more clarification!

Have a great day :)

Brainliest would be great :D

Resonance and transmission​ are the two aspects of sound waves that the student observe.

Resonance is defined as when one object vibrating at a specific natural frequency and compels the second object into vibrational motion.

We know that sound waves required medium and transmit from one place to other by transferring the sound energy to its neighbouring particles so we can conclude that Resonance and transmission​ are the two aspects of sound waves that the student observe.

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The alkane with the molecular formula C₅H₁₂ , which forms the only one monochlorinated product when it is heated with Cl₂ is 2,2 dimethyl propane or neo-pentane.

The alkane with the molecular formula C₅H₁₂, forms only one monochlorination product is given as follows :

C(CH₃)₃- CH₃   + Cl₂  ----->    C(CH₃)₃- CH₂ - Cl

 2,2 dimethyl propane      2,2 dimethyl 1 chloro- propane

      ( neopentane)

thus, the 2,2 dimethyl 1 chloro- propane is formed when the neopentane or the  2,2 dimethyl propane with undergoes mono chlorination. in the mono chlorination the , in the alkane the one hydrogen atom is replaced by the chlorine atom,. this is the process of chlorination.

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I actually do not know the answer can I help tommorow if you are fine with it tooo sleeeepy have 14 exams tommorow have to prepare.

Sorry:(

To selectively precipitate one of the ions, we could use sulfide ions (S2-). To selectively precipitate Ni2+, a sulfide ion concentration of approximately 5.5 x 10^-17 M would be required. To selectively precipitate Sn2+, a sulfide ion concentration of approximately 3.3 x 10^-18 M would be required.

To determine which ion would precipitate out first, we need to compare the solubility product constants (Ksp) of the sulfide salts of Ni2+ and Sn2+. The sulfide salts with the lower Ksp value will precipitate out first.

The Ksp for NiS is 2.0 x 10^-16 and the Ksp for SnS is 1.0 x 10^-28. Since the Ksp for NiS is larger than that of SnS, we can selectively precipitate Ni2+ ions by adding sulfide ions.

To calculate the sulfide ion concentration required to selectively precipitate Ni2+, we use the Ksp expression:

NiS = [Ni2+][S2-]^2

Substituting the given Ni2+ concentration and the Ksp for NiS, we can solve for the sulfide ion concentration:

2.0 x 10^-16 = (0.0200 M)(S2-) ^2

S2- = sqrt(2.0 x 10^-16 / 0.0200 M)

= 5.5 x 10^-17 M

Thus, to selectively precipitate Ni2+ ions, a sulfide ion concentration of approximately 5.5 x 10^-17 M would be required.

Similarly, to selectively precipitate Sn2+, we can use the Ksp expression for SnS:

SnS = [Sn2+][S2-]^2

Substituting the given Sn2+ concentration and the Ksp for SnS, we can solve for the sulfide ion concentration:

1.0 x 10^-28 = (0.0200 M)(S2-) ^2

S2- = sqrt(1.0 x 10^-28 / 0.0200 M)

= 3.3 x 10^-18 M

Thus, to selectively precipitate Sn2+ ions, a sulfide ion concentration of approximately 3.3 x 10^-18 M would be required.

Sulfide ions (S2-) could be used to selectively precipitate either Ni2+ or Sn2+ ions. To selectively precipitate Ni2+, a sulfide ion concentration of approximately 5.5 x 10^-17 M would be required, while a concentration of approximately 3.3 x 10^-18 M would be required to selectively precipitate Sn2+.

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The energy change for the reaction (per formula unit of CsBr) is approximately -6.22 x 10^14 kJ.

Ionization Energy (I1) of Cs: 0.624 aJ

Electron Affinity (EA1) of Br: -0.540 aJ

Cation (Cs+) Ionic Radius: 167 pm

Anion (Br-) Ionic Radius: 196 pm

1. Calculate the lattice energy using Coulomb's law:

Lattice energy = (k * |Q1 * Q2|) / r

Where k is the electrostatic constant (8.99 x 10^9 N·m^2/C^2), Q1 and Q2 are the charges of the ions, and r is the distance between the ions.

Q1 = +1 (charge of Cs+)

Q2 = -1 (charge of Br-)

r = sum of the ionic radii = 167 pm + 196 pm = 363 pm = 3.63 x 10^-10 m

Lattice energy = (8.99 x 10^9 N·m^2/C^2) * |(1.602 x 10^-19 C * 1) * (1.602 x 10^-19 C * -1)| / (3.63 x 10^-10 m)

Lattice energy = (8.99 x 10^9 N·m^2/C^2) * (2.571 x 10^-38 C^2) / (3.63 x 10^-10 m)

Lattice energy ≈ 6.34 x 10^-19 J

2. Convert the energy change to kilojoules:

Energy change = (0.624 aJ + (-0.540 aJ) - 6.34 x 10^-19 J) * (1 x 10^-3 kJ / 1 J)

Energy change ≈ (0.624 - 0.540 - 6.34 x 10^-19) x 10^-3 kJ

                         ≈ -6.22 x 10^14 kJ.

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Answer: d

Explanation:

3.12 mg of sample will remain after 39.9 hours if the half life of iodine is 13.3 hours.

Half life of the reaction is the time required for the reactant concentration to decrease to one-half its initial value. The half-life of a first order reaction is a constant that is related to the rate constant for the reaction.

here, Half life of iodine is 13.3 hours. so,

Half life t1/2 = ln 2/ K

                k = 0.693 / t1/2

                   = 0.693 /13.3 hours

                   = 5.21 *10-2

The rate of a reaction is dependent on rate constant which is different for each reaction type. A first-order reaction is a reaction where the rate is dependent on the concentration of only one reactant. Because of this, it is also called a unimolecular reaction. The rate equation for this type of reaction is: Rate constant for first order reaction is,

k= 1/t ln [A]0 / [A]t

t = 39.9 hours

k = 5.21 * 10-2 / hour

putting all the values in the expression of rate constant for first order reaction we get,

[A]t = 3.12mg

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The order of the boiling points from highest to lowest is;

\(Ne < C_{2} H_{6} < CH_{3} OH < KNO_{3}\).  Option C

We know that the boiling point has to do with the temperature of the substance would be equal to the atmospheric pressure that is prevailing in the vicinity. Let us note that the boiling point of the substance would depend on the magnitude of the intermolecular forces that is acting in the substnace.

The greater the magnitude of the intermolecular forces, the more the molecules of the substance would have to be together and a greater energy would have to be exerted so as to break the intermolecular forces that are holding the molecules together.

Since potassium nitrate is an ionic substance then it would have the highest boiling point while the neon that has only dispersion forces would have the lowest boiling point.

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The relationship between atmospheric content and global warming is a key aspect of understanding climate change.

The Earth's atmosphere is composed of various gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and water vapor. These gases, often referred to as greenhouse gases, act as a natural "blanket" by trapping heat radiated from the Earth's surface and preventing it from escaping into space. This process, known as the greenhouse effect, is essential for maintaining a habitable temperature on Earth.

However, human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas) and deforestation, have significantly increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, particularly CO2. The increased atmospheric concentrations of these gases have enhanced the greenhouse effect, leading to an increase in the Earth's average surface temperature. This phenomenon is commonly known as global warming.

There is substantial scientific evidence supporting the current explanation for global warming. Multiple lines of evidence, including temperature records, ice core data, and computer modeling, have demonstrated a clear correlation between the rise in greenhouse gas concentrations and the increase in global temperatures over the past century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a leading scientific body, has provided extensive assessments based on a comprehensive review of scientific research that consistently supports the link between human activities, greenhouse gas emissions, and global warming.

Furthermore, the impacts of global warming are already being observed worldwide. These impacts include rising sea levels, melting glaciers and polar ice caps, more frequent and intense heatwaves, changes in precipitation patterns, and shifts in ecosystems. These changes have significant implications for human societies, including risks to food security, water resources, biodiversity, and public health.

Efforts to mitigate global warming and its consequences involve reducing greenhouse gas emissions, transitioning to renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and implementing sustainable land-use practices. Additionally, international agreements like the Paris Agreement aim to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

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The energy separation of the levels in responsible for the emission is  0.0563 kJ/mol, 0.0563 kJ/mol, 2.105 eV.

E = (hc)/λ

Where h is Planck’s constant, c is the speed of light, λ is the wavelength of the emitted radiation.

Substitute the values in the above formula:

Planck's constant, h = 6.626 × \(10^-^3^4\)J·s

Speed of light, c = 2.998 × \(10^8\) m/s

Wavelength,λ = 590 nm = 590 ×\(10^-^9\) m

E = (6.626 ×\(10^-^3^4\)J·s × 2.998 × 10^8 m/s)/590 × \(10^-^9\)m

E = 3.376 × \(10^-^1^9\) J

Hence, the energy separation of the levels in responsible for the emission is 3.376 × \(10^-^1^9\)J (Joules).

To calculate the energy separation of the levels in kJ/mol, we need to convert Joules into kJ/mol. We know that 1 J = 0.001 kJ and 1 mol = 6.022 × 10^23 particles.

So,3.376 ×\(10^-^1^9\)J = (3.376 ×\(10^-^1^9\)J / 6.022 ×\(10^2^3\)) × (6.022 × \(10^2^3\))

Therefore, 3.376 × \(10^-^1^9\) J = 0.0563 kJ/mol.

Hence, the energy separation of the levels in responsible for the emission is 0.0563 kJ/mol.

To calculate the energy separation of the levels in eV, we need to convert Joules into eV.

We know that 1 J = 6.242 × \(10^1^8\) eV.

So,3.376 × \(10^-^1^9\) J = 3.376 × \(10^-^1^9\) J × (6.242 ×\(10^1^8\) eV/1 J)

Therefore, 3.376 ×\(10^-^1^9\)J = 2.105 eV.

Hence, The energy separation of the levels in responsible for the emission is  0.0563 kJ/mol, 0.0563 kJ/mol, 2.105 eV.

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Answer:

          i)  Neon (Ne)

           ii)  Fluoride Ion (F⁻¹)

            iii)  Oxide Ion  (O⁻²)

Explanation:

                  Ions are those charged species which are either positively charged (by loosing electrons) called as cations or negatively charged (by gaining electrons) called as anions.

                 In given examples, Neon is a neutral atom which has an atomic number 10. It contains 10 electrons in its neutral state with the electronic configuration 1s², 2s², 2p⁶.

                 Fluorine atom has an atomic number of 9. Therefore, it contains 9 electrons in its neutral state with an electronic configuration of 1s², 2s², 2p⁵. When Fluorine atom gains one electron it gets 10 electrons with electronic configuration of 1s², 2s², 2p⁶.

                Oxygen atom has an atomic number of 8. Therefore, it contains 8 electrons in its neutral state with an electronic configuration of 1s², 2s², 2p⁴. When Oxygen atom gains two electron it gets 10 electrons with electronic configuration of 1s², 2s², 2p⁶ forming an Oxide Ion.

Answer:

Atoms that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons, or excess energy in their nucleus.

Explanation:

cuz

The difference in boiling points between neon and HF can be explained by the intermolecular forces present in each substance, with HF exhibiting stronger intermolecular forces due to hydrogen bonding.

The boiling points of substances are determined by the strength of intermolecular forces between their molecules. Neon (Ne) is a noble gas that exists as individual atoms, and its boiling point is very low (-246.1°C). The weak van der Waals forces between neon atoms are easily overcome, requiring minimal energy to transition from a liquid to a gas state.

On the other hand, hydrogen fluoride (HF) exhibits higher boiling point (19.5°C) due to the presence of hydrogen bonding. HF molecules form strong dipole-dipole interactions through the electronegativity difference between hydrogen and fluorine. Hydrogen bonding is a particularly strong type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen.

The hydrogen bonding in HF requires a significant amount of energy to break the strong intermolecular forces, resulting in a higher boiling point compared to neon.

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Conjugation requires p orbitals on three or more adjacent atoms in a structure.

The overlap of one p orbital with another over an adjacent bond is referred to as conjugation (in transition metals d orbitals can be involved). A conjugated system in a molecule is a system of connected p orbitals with delocalized electrons that reduces the overall energy of the molecule and promotes stability. It is typically represented by alternating single and multiple bonds. The system, which can be cyclic, acyclic, linear, or mixed, may contain lone pairs, radicals, or carbenium ions. Johannes Thiele, a German chemist, created the term "conjugated" in 1899. A conjugated system has a band of overlapping p orbitals that bridges the interjacent places where simple diagrams show no link.

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The voltage is the potential difference between the two ends of the conductor. The factor that does not affect the voltage produced in a voltaic cell is pressure. The correct option is B.

A voltaic cell uses a chemical reaction to convert electrochemical energy to electrical energy. It consists of cathode and ions which flow through the cathode and anode.

The pressure has nothing to do with the Electrochemical devices.

The factor does not influence the voltage produced in a voltaic cell is pressure. The correct option is B.

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The extracellular fluid is maintained with an anionic balance in order to prevent electric charges in the fluids. The most important anion in the extracellular fluid is the chloride ion, which is negatively charged.

These anions can balance the electric charges of positively charged ions like sodium to maintain the neutralization of the extracellular fluid.In the extracellular case, the principal anion is Chloride ion (Cl-) since it is the negatively charged molecule that helps to balance the positively charged ions in the extracellular fluid. The high concentration of chloride ions and sodium ions work together to balance the positive charges found in the extracellular fluid.

The chloride ions serve to balance the negative charges found in the extracellular fluid by neutralizing the positive charges of other molecules such as sodium ions. This process allows for the maintenance of the proper electrical balance in the extracellular fluid. It is important to maintain the proper anionic balance in the extracellular fluid to avoid any disruption in the electrical balance, which can lead to various health issues.

Chloride ion (Cl-) is the principal anion in the extracellular case. This negatively charged molecule neutralizes the positively charged ions in the extracellular fluid, and helps to maintain the electric balance in the fluids. Maintaining the anionic balance in the extracellular fluid is essential for proper functioning of the body, and any disruption in this balance can lead to health problems.

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Answer:

by measuring the circumference, diameter, and radius of both volleyballs.

The concentration of the solution is calculated using Concentration = (Initial concentration * Initial volume) / Final volume.  The concentration of the solution prepared by diluting 3.54 mL of 1.00 x 10^–5 M crystal violet to a final volume of 25 mL is 1.42 x 10^–7 M.

In this case, the initial concentration is given as 1.00 x 10^–5 M, the initial volume is 3.54 mL, and the final volume is 25 mL.

Concentration = (1.00 x 10^–5 M * 3.54 mL) / 25 mL

To ensure consistent units, it is important to convert the volumes to the same units before performing the calculation. Let's convert both volumes to liters:

Initial volume = 3.54 mL = 3.54 x 10^–3 L

Final volume = 25 mL = 25 x 10^–3 L

Substituting the values into the equation:

Concentration = (1.00 x 10^–5 M * 3.54 x 10^–3 L) / (25 x 10^–3 L)

= 0.142 x 10^–5 M

Simplifying the expression, we get:

Concentration = 1.42 x 10^–7 M

Therefore, the concentration of the solution prepared by diluting 3.54 mL of 1.00 x 10^–5 M crystal violet to a final volume of 25 mL is approximately 1.42 x 10^–7 M. The calculation involves multiplying the initial concentration by the initial volume and then dividing it by the final volume, while ensuring consistent units for accurate results

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0.208 moles of gas are in a 2.00 L container at a temperature of 380 K and a pressure of 3.25 atm

we have in the given information.

P is the pressure of the gas=3.25 atm

V is the volume it occupies=2.00 L

n (number of moles) =?

R (universal gas constant) = 0.0821atm/Lmol K

T is the temperature of the gas=380 K

now we will apply ideal gas equation

PV=nRT

n=PV/RT

now put the values to find moles

n=\(\frac{3.25\cdot2}{0.082\cdot380}\)

n=\(\frac{6.5}{31.16}\)

n=0.208 moles

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Answer:

P

V

=

n

R

T

−−−−−−−−−−

Here

P

is the pressure of the gas

V

is the volume it occupies

n

is the number of moles of gas present in the sample

R

is the universal gas constant, equal to

0.0821

atm L

mol K

T

is the absolute temperature of the gas

Now, it's important to realize that the units you have for the volume, pressure, and temperature of the gas must match the unit used in the expression of the universal gas constant.

In this case, you have

a

a

a

a

What you have

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

What you need

a

a

a

a

a

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−

a

a

a

a

a

a

liters

[

L

]

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

liters

[

L

]

a

a

a

a

√

a

a

a

kilopascals

[

kPa

]

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

atmospheres

[

atm

]

a

a

a

×

a

degrees Celsius

[

∘

C

]

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

Kelvin

[

K

]

a

a

a

a

×

This means that in order to use the ideal gas law equation with the given value for the universal gas constant, you must convert the pressure and the temperature of the gas by using the conversion factors

1 atm = 760 kPa

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−

and

T

[

K

]

=

t

[

∘

C

]

+

273.15

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−

Rearrange the ideal gas law equation to solve for

n

P

V

=

n

R

T

⇒

n

=

P

V

R

T

Plug in your values to find -- do not forget the conversion factors!

n

=

150

760

atm

⋅

3.45

L

0.0821

atm

⋅

L

mol

⋅

K

⋅

(

45.6

+

273.15

)

K

0.026 moles

−−−−−−−−−−

The answer is rounded to two sig figs, the number of sig figs you have for the pressure of the gas.

Answer link

Explanation:

Answer:

V₂ = 15.27 L

Explanation:

Given data:

Initial volume = 14.0 L

Initial temperature = 25°C (25 + 273.15 = 298.15 k)

Final temperature = 52°C = (52+273.15 = 325.15 k)

Final volume = ?

Solution:

Charles Law:

" The volume of given amount of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant number of moles and pressure "

Mathematical expression:

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

V₁ = Initial volume

T₁ = Initial temperature

V₂ = Final volume  

T₂ = Final temperature

Now we will put the values in formula.

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

V₂ = V₁T₂/T₁  

V₂ = 14.0 L × 325.15 K / 298.15 k

V₂ = 4552.1 L.K / 298.15 K

V₂ = 15.27 L

The naming of compound can be obtained by following the IUPAC principle. This is shown below:

For the 1st diagram:

Thus, the IUPAC name for the compound is: 3,3-dimethylpentane

For the 2nd diagram:

Thus, the IUPAC name for the compound is: pentene

For the 3rd diagram:

Thus, the IUPAC name for the compound is: 2,2,3-trimethylhexane

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