You have been studying the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D in mammalian cells. To look at the localization of the enzyme, you incorporate 32 P into the cells over a long period of time and collect fractions of the cell lysate corresponding to various organelles. Much to your surprise, you find cathepsin D was isolated in the ER fraction, and it contains 32 positive sugar side chains. However, when you pass this enzyme through an affinity chromatography column containing mannose-6-phosphate receptor conjugated to resin, the enzyme passes straight through. However, your cousin calls you up and tell you that she modified your cell line. She claims that she deleted your endogenous cathepsin D gene and transfected a plasmid containing a cathepsin D gene with a Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) sequence on the C-terminus.a) Why is the lysosomal enzyme found in the ER fraction rather than in the lysosomal fraction?b) Explain why the modified enzyme does not bind to the mannose-6-phosphate receptor.

>>Convert DNA to mRNA so it will be easier to read the codon table for the amino acids.<<

mRNA sequence (original DNA): 3' AUG-GCG-AAU-GCA-GAC-UAG 5'

mRNA sequence (mutated DNA): 3' AUG-UAG-GCG-AAU-GCA-GAC-UAG 5'

Type of mutation: Frameshift mutation. It is a type of mutation wherein there is an insertion (adding) or a deletion (removing) of one or more nucleotides that changes the reading frame of the base sequence.

Amino acid sequence: Refer to the genetic codon table.

For Original DNA sequence: Met-Ala-Asn-Ala-Asp-Stop

For Mutated DNA sequence: Met-Stop-Ala-Asn-Ala-Asp-Stop

Explanation:

RNA growth is always in the 5′ → 3′ direction: in other words, nucleotides are always added at a 3′ growing tip, . Because of the ANTIPARALLEL nature of the nucleotide pairing, the fact that RNA is synthesized 5′ → 3′ means that the template strand must be oriented 3′ → 5′.

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Answer:

Without photosynthesis, the carbon cycle could not occur,  life would not survive and plants would die.

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The image represents air masses colliding with each other, leading to rapid changes in weather conditions.

The image represents the process of rapid changes in weather conditions occurring. The arrows in the image indicate various elements and phenomena related to these changes.

At the top, the final answer is that the image represents "Air masses are colliding with each other."

1. The arrow labeled "Direction of frontal movement" points right toward the "Cold front" map symbol. This indicates the movement of a cold front.

2. The arrow labeled "Rising warm air in front of cold front" points from the cold front upward into the sky. This signifies the upward movement of warm air.

3. The image also shows the development of clouds due to the upward movement of warm air. This indicates the presence of moisture in the atmosphere.

4. Finally, the image depicts advancing cold air behind the cold front, indicated by an arrow. This cold air is moving in the direction of the warm air.

Putting all these elements together, we can conclude that the image represents air masses colliding with each other. The cold front is advancing and pushing against the warm air, leading to the formation of clouds and changes in weather conditions. This collision between air masses often results in rapid changes in weather patterns, such as storms, rain, or temperature fluctuations.

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Answer:

flood

Explanation:

flood is the answer

When Timmy steps on the rose bush, the sensory receptor on his toe receives the stimuli, sends it the spinal cord through a sensory neuron which they initiates a response sent through a motor neuron to the muscle and he withdraws his leg in pain.

A reflex arc refers to the neuronal pathway which controls a reflex action.

A reflex action is an action which occurs involuntarily.

Examples of reflex actions include thhe following:

Reflex actions do not need to involve the brain, hence they occur very quickly.

The path of a reflex arc begins with a sensory receptor which receives the stimuli, travels to the spinal cord  through a sensory neuron which they initiates a response that is sent through a motor neuron to an effector such effector such as a skeletal muscle.

In conclusion, a reflex arc is the path of a reflex action through the body.

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The correct statement about the offspring of Rafael who is homozygous for the type A (\(I^{A} I^{A}\)) blood type allele and Laura who is heterozygous for type B (\(I^{B} I^{o}\)) is: The phenotype of some of their offspring will be set by codominance.

In humans, the blood type has three alleles. These are: \(I^{A}\), \(I^{B}\) and \(I^{O}\). Together they give rise to four types of blood groups: A, B, AB and O. According to the genotypes of Rafael and Laura, their children will have the blood groups A or AB only.

Codominance is the phenomenon where both the alleles of a gene display their effects on the phenotype and do not interfere with each other's effect. The blood group AB is the result of codominance.

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Answer:

Osteoclast

Explanation:

Answer:

Competition. Additionally, with competition comes survival of the fittest.

Explanation:

Competition is formed when more than one species must fight for the same resource/commodity.

El niño causes a drop in temperatures and increases in rainfall across Texas.

The unusual warming up of the surface of the water in the eastern tropical region of the Pacific ocean is termed El niño. El niño is a phase of the phenomenon called the El niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

El niño is the warmer phase of this phenomenon. The cool phase of the ENSO phenomenon is called the La niña. It results in the cooling of the regions of the water's surface.

El niño impacts the currents of the oceans starting from Australia to Southern America. It is an irregular event and can happen once from two to seven years.

Therefore, in texas, it results in a drop in temperatures and increases in rainfall.

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Answer:

An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.

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Answer:

White Blood Cells

Explanation:

Answer:

1.57

Beryllium/Electronegativity

Explanation:

because it come first in periodic table than sulfur

After incubation, the plate has 54 colonies, indicating that the original Milk sample contained 540,000 CFU/ml.

The equation for calculating the CFU/mL in the original sample is:

CFU/mL = (number of colonies on plate x dilution factor) / volume of the culture plated

Here,

Number of colonies on plate = 54

Volume of the culture plated = 1 mL

The original sample is serially diluted in a proportion of 1:10, that is 1/10

So the dilution of first tube = 1/10

From the first tube, the culture in again diluted in a proportion of 1:10

So, Dilution of second tube = 1/10

The total dilution of tube 2 will be the product of the dilution of tube 1 and tube 2.

So, total dilution of tube 2 = 1/10 x 1/10 = 1/100

Similarly, the total dilution of tube 3 will be 1/1000 and tube 4 will be 1/10000

The sample is plated from tube 4, and therefore the total dilution of tube 4 is used for the calculation of bacterial concentration.

Dilution factor = Reciprocal of dilution

So, dilution factor of tube 4 = 10000 = 104

Substitute the values in the equation:

CFU/mL = ( 54 x 104) / 1 = 54 x 104 = 540000 cells/mL

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Answer:hehe

The answer is b

The iliacus muscle is a component of the Iliopsoas, the main muscle responsible for thigh flexion and trunk flexion (as when bowing).

Option d is correct.

The quadratus lumborum, erector spinae, semispinalis thoracis, latissimus dorsi, deep posterior spinal muscles, external and internal obliques, and psoas are the main muscles involved.

Iliacus is a sizable muscle with a triangular shape that is lateral to the lower portions of the psoas major and minor muscles and covers the surface of the ilium. The iliopsoas muscle, which is the primary flexor of the thigh, is formed when its fibers combine with those of the psoas major muscle at the level of the inguinal ligament.

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Answer:

in order to escape from predators or to catch prey

Answer:

They fly because they need food

Explanation:

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Ecosystems change overtime especially after disturbances, as new species move in: a. populations change & some die out

Ecosystems possess the trait of being ever-changing and can undergo transformations post calamities such as natural phenomena, expunging human activities, or the addition of novel species.

With the arrival of new species, alterations in populations can occur, leading to a predicament where certain species may not be able to adapt to the new surroundings and eventually become extinct. The process of ecological succession, which could take years, decades or centuries, is when various stages of plant and animal development take place within an ecosystem.

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Studying the necessary content, going through lecture notes and textbooks, and working through practise questions and quizzes are the best ways to get ready for an exam.

Cells are the essential building components of all living things.There are many billions of cells in a human body. In addition to providing the body with structure, they also absorb nutrients from meals, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out certain jobs.

The cell has a long and interesting history, beginning with Robert Hooke's discovery in 1665 and leading to many of today's scientific discoveries.

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It directs the formation of the mitotic spindle. microtubule centriole mitochondrion endoplasmic reticulum Centriole. option (2)

A centriole is a cylindrical organelle that is mostly made of the protein tubulin in cell biology.  Centrioles are present in the majority of eukaryotic cells, but they are absent from conifers (Pinophyta), flowering plants (angiosperms), and the majority of fungi. They are only found in the male gametes of charophytes, bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, cycads, and ginkgo trees.

A structure known as a centrosome is composed of a bound pair of centrioles and is encircled by a highly organized mass of dense material called the pericentriolar material (PCM).

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Full Question: this organelle is particularly important during cell division. it directs the formation of the mitotic spindle. this organelle is particularly important during cell division. it directs the formation of the mitotic spindle.

Answer:

Epithelial tissues are widespread throughout the body. They form the covering of all body surfaces, line body cavities and hollow organs, and are the major tissue in glands. They perform a variety of functions that include protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception.

5 fine motor skills are typing, writing, cutting, zipping, threading and 5 gross motor skills that you've used within the last few days are walking, running, jumping, throwing, catching.

Motor skills are the physical abilities that involve movement of the body and its parts. These skills involve coordination, control, dexterity, and balance. Motor skills can be divided into two categories: gross motor skills, which involve the larger movements of the body, such as running and jumping, and fine motor skills, which involve the smaller movements of the body, such as picking up an object or writing.

Fine Motor Skills:

1. Typing - Using my fingers to type on a keyboard.

2. Writing - Using a pen or pencil to write words or draw pictures.

3. Cutting - Using scissors to cut shapes or designs.

4. Zipping - Using my fingers to zip up a zipper.

5. Threading - Using my fingers to thread a needle.

Gross Motor Skills:

1. Walking - Moving my legs to walk from one place to another.

2. Running - Moving my legs quickly to cover a greater distance.

3. Jumping - Using my legs to propel myself up and off the ground.

4. Throwing - Using my arms to throw a ball.

5. Catching - Using my arms and hands to catch a ball.

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The frequency of the dominant blue allele, represented by p, is D. 0.47. This means that 47% of the creatures in the population have the blue eye colour allele.

The equation p + 2pq + q² = 1 represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation, which describes the frequencies of alleles in a population.

In this case, p represents the frequency of the dominant blue allele, q represents the frequency of the recessive green allele, and p + q = 1 because these are the only two alleles in the population.

Given that 28 out of 100 organisms are green (q² = 28/100), we can find the value of q. Taking the square root of q², we get q = √(28/100) = 0.53.

Since p + q = 1, we can substitute the value of q to find p. Therefore, p = 1 - q = 1 - 0.53 = 0.47.

So, the value of p, representing the frequency of the dominant blue allele, is 0.47. This indicates that 47% of the organisms in the population have the blue allele for eye color. Therefore, Option D is correct.

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Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

We know that the momentum of a body is defined as the product of mass and velocity of the body.

Let us now obtain the momentum for each item on the list;

Football player = 100 * 10 = 1000 Kgms-1

Skier = 60 * 20 = 1200 Kgms-1

Frog = 0.9 * 12 =10.8 Kgms-1

Meteorite = 0.1 * 1000 = 100Kgms-1

Base ball = 0.14 * 30 = 4.2 Kgms-1

Satellite = 3000 * 8000 = 24000000 Kgms-1

Steel ball = 2.0 * 2.8 = 5.6 Kgms-1

Answer:

The mRNA sequence A U G C A C G C A U G A translates to the sequence of amino acids methionine-histidine-alanine-methionine.

To determine the sequence of amino acids specified by the mRNA sequence A U G C A C G C A U G A, we can refer to the codon chart (also known as the genetic code chart) which provides the correspondence between mRNA codons and the amino acids they encode.

Using the chart, we can break down the given mRNA sequence into its corresponding codons:

AUG - CAC - GCA - AUG - A

Starting with the first codon, AUG, we find that it codes for the amino acid methionine (Met). Moving to the next codon, CAC, it corresponds to the amino acid histidine (His). The third codon, GCA, codes for the amino acid alanine (Ala). The fourth codon, AUG, again encodes methionine (Met). Lastly, the final codon, A, does not specify an amino acid and serves as the stop codon, indicating the end of protein synthesis.

Therefore, the sequence of amino acids specified by the given mRNA sequence is: Met - His - Ala - Met.

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The best answer that describes the scientists who contributed to the current body of knowledge is scientists from all areas of the world, which is in Option C., as scientific discoveries and advancements have been made by scientists from all over the world.

The development of science and scientific knowledge is not confined to any one region or culture. Instead, it is a global enterprise that involves the contributions of scientists from all areas of the world. Science is an international and collaborative effort where scientists from different countries and cultures work together to advance knowledge and understanding. Over the centuries, many scientists from different parts of the world have contributed to the scientific knowledge that people have today.

Hence, the best answer that describes the scientists who contributed to the current body of knowledge is scientists from all areas of the world, which is in Option C.

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