Answer:
The amount that should be deposited today is $33254.58
Explanation:
The deposit should be such that the future value of the deposit made today and at the end of year 2 should be equal to $50000 after 5 years. Let the deposit made today be x. The equation for the future value will be,
50000 = x * (1+0.045)^5 + 7500 * (1+0.045)^3
50000 = x * (1.045)^5 + 8558.745938
50000 - 8558.745938 = x * (1.045)^5
41441.25406 / (1.045)^5 = x
x = $33254.57769 rounded off to $33254.58
Income levels relates to _____.
possible customers
demographics
competition
communication
Answer:
Income levels relate to demographics.
Answer:
Income levels relates to demographics.
Explanation:
if your credit card is $10,275 and you pay the full balance before the bill is due, how much will you pay in interest
Answer:
you do not pay interest on any money that does not carry over till the next month. if your balance is zero theres no interest
Explanation:
you only pay on a balance the % per dollar to the card . so if the card charges 10% on 100$ if your balance is 100$ you will owe 110$ on your next billing cycle
International Gems sells fine jewelry and has implemented activity-based costing. Costs in the shipping department have been divided into three cost pools. The first cost pool contains costs that are related to packaging and shipping. International has determined that the number of boxes shipped is an appropriate cost driver for these costs. The second cost pool is made up of costs related to the final inspection of each item before it is shipped and the cost driver for this pool is the number of individual items that are inspected. The final cost pool is used for general operations of the department and the cost driver is the number of orders. Information about the activities is summarized below:
Cost Pool Estimated Total Costs Cost Driver Estimated Annual Activity
Packaging and shipping 67,200 Number of boxes shipped 16,000 boxes
Final inspection 200,000 Number of individual items inspected 100,000 items
General operations 85,000 Number of orders 10,000 orders
During the period, the Southern sales office generated 240 orders for a total of 3,560 items, which were shipped in 1,200 boxes. What amount of shipping department costs should be allocated to these sales?
Answer:67,200
Explanation:
The shipping department cost will be $14200.
What is the cost?The term cost can be termed as the price of buying something or the amount that a company spends on making a product. It is the amount that is charged on something for the product. The incurred cost can have many variables and non-variable costs like purchasing cost, labor, wages, rent, maintenance, raw material, processing cost, packaging, and transportation.
In this Question, the International gems sell their product slots. The shipping department has been divided into three cost pools. The total shipping charges will be the addition of packaging and shipping, Final Inspection, and General operations.
So, the total shipping cost =5040 + 7120 + 2040 = 14200
Thus, the costs that should be allocated to the sales with respect to the shipping charges will be $14,200.
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State whether the following statement is true or false, and explain why. If the statement is false, state the true change. If the national economy shrank at an annual rate of 20% per year for three consecutive years, then the economy shrank by 60% over the three-year period.
Answer:
It's true.
Explanation:
Because every year 20% is added so after 3 years it's 60%
this is because the percentage changes a certain amount every months which increases the amount of money it's worth or how much the price goes down.
Reggie, who is 55, had AGI of $35,200 in 2022. During the year, he paid the following medical expenses:
Drugs (prescribed by physicians)
Marijuana (prescribed by physicians)
Health insurance premiums-after taxes
Doctors' fees
Eyeglasses
Over-the-counter drugs
$ 570
1,470
1,280
1,320
445
270
Required:
Reggie received $570 in 2022 for a portion of the doctors' fees from his insurance. What is Reggie's medical expense deduction?
Reggie's medical expense deduction is $7,276.
AGI, or adjusted gross income, is a person's total income minus certain deductions and is used to calculate taxable income.
Reggie, who is 55 years old, had an AGI of $35,200 in 2022. During the year, he incurred the following medical expenses:
Drugs (prescribed by physicians): $5,701
Marijuana (prescribed by physicians): $1,470
Health insurance premiums-after taxes: $1,280
Doctors' fees: $1,320
Eyeglasses: $445
Over-the-counter drugs: $270
Reggie was reimbursed $570 by his insurance company for a portion of the doctors' fees. To calculate his medical expense deduction, we first need to subtract any reimbursements from his total medical expenses.
Total medical expenses: $5,701 + $1,470 + $1,280 + $1,320 + $445 + $270 = $10,486
Reimbursements: $570
Medical expenses after reimbursements: $10,486 - $570 = $9,916
To claim a medical expense deduction, the expenses must exceed a certain percentage of AGI, which varies depending on the taxpayer's age. For taxpayers who are 65 or younger, the threshold is 7.5% of AGI. For taxpayers who are over 65, the threshold is 7%.
Since Reggie is 55 years old, the threshold is 7.5% of his AGI or $35,200 x 0.075 = $2,640.
Therefore, Reggie can deduct the portion of his medical expenses that exceed $2,640.
Amount of medical expenses that exceed the threshold: $9,916 - $2,640 = $7,276
Therefore, Reggie's medical expense deduction is $7,276.
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difference between manager and management
Answer:
The main difference between the two is that leaders have people that follow them, while managers have people who simply work for them.
...
What is profitability
Answer:
Profitability is a measure of a company’s ability to generate earnings or profits over a specific period. It is calculated by taking the company’s net income and dividing it by its revenue. A company’s profitability is important because it indicates how well it is managing its resources and generating returns for its shareholders. A high profitability ratio is generally considered a positive sign, while a low profitability ratio may suggest that the company is not using its resources effectively.
Explanation:
Hope this helps.
20 POINTS!
I need help with putting my two weeks in….
Need to sound professional!
I am currently an intern at a construction office job. I want to say that I have decided to go to esthetician school but appreciate being able to work here as a intern and learn a lot of things these last 6 months.
Thank you!!
As a producer and seller of athletic shoes, apparel, and equipment, Nike sells
gross domestic products
goods
services
supplies
As a producer and seller of athletic shoes, apparel, and equipment, Nike sells goods.
Goods are tangible products that people buy to satisfy their wants and needs. Goods can be classified into two categories: consumer goods and producer goods.Consumer goods are items purchased by consumers for their own use and enjoyment, while producer goods are used by businesses to produce other goods and services.Therefore, Nike sells goods, which are tangible products such as athletic shoes, apparel, and equipment.Nike is a leading producer and seller of athletic shoes, apparel, and equipment. The company is one of the largest players in the sportswear industry and is recognized globally for its high-quality products and innovative designs. As a producer and seller of these goods, Nike contributes significantly to the gross domestic product of many countries. The gross domestic product is the total value of goods and services produced in a country within a particular period.For more questions on Nike
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Race One Motors is an Indonesian car manufacturer. At its largest manufacturing facility, in Jakarta, the company produces subcomponents at a rate of per day, and it uses these subcomponents at a rate of per year (of 250 working days). Holding costs are $ per item per year, and ordering costs are $ per order.
Part 2
a) What is the economic production quantity?
enter your response here units (round your response to two decimal places).
The economic production quantity (EPQ) is a formula used to determine the optimal production quantity that minimizes both holding and ordering costs. The economic production quantity for Race One Motors is 2043.08 units.
In the case of Race One Motors, we need to find the ideal production quantity that will help the company maintain its inventory while keeping its costs at a minimum.
Using the given information, we can calculate the EPQ as follows:
EPQ = sqrt[(2AO) / H]
Where,
A = annual usage rate of subcomponents
O = ordering cost per order
H = holding cost per item per year.
Plugging the values, we get:
EPQ = sqrt[(2 x 31250 x 200) / 6]
EPQ = sqrt[(12500000) / 6]
EPQ = 2043.08
Therefore, the economic production quantity for Race One Motors is 2043.08 units. This means that if the company produces this amount of subcomponents, it will be able to minimize its holding and ordering costs.
It is important for Race One Motors to determine the EPQ because it helps the company to optimize its production and inventory management. By producing the optimal quantity, the company can reduce its holding costs, which include storage, insurance, and handling costs. At the same time, by minimizing the number of orders placed, the company can also reduce its ordering costs, which include administrative and transportation expenses.
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Foundation
QUESTION 8 / 10
Which of the following statements is TRUE about payday loans?
Answer:
what are the answer choices
Shawn and Harry signed a contract for Shawn to build a house for Harry according to the specifications provided by Harry. The contract stated that Shawn would be paid $125,000. Shawn unintentionally deviated from the specifications in several minor respects. The house was soundly constructed, and Shawn completed the work within the promised time. Harry refused to pay Shawn any of the $125,000, arguing that the house did not conform to the specifications. In this case,
A) Harry will get a decree of specific performance.
B) Shawn has no right to be paid for any of his work because he breached the contract.
C) if the court finds that Shawn has substantially performed, he will be able to recover the contract price less any damages caused by his failure to perform as promised.
D) if the court finds that Shawn has substantially performed, he will be able to recover the contract price less any damages caused to him because of the delay in payment.
Answer:
C) if the court finds that Shawn has substantially performed, he will be able to recover the contract price less any damages caused by his failure to perform as promised.
Explanation:
From the question Harry signed a contract with Shawn to build a house. Harry made some specification to build the house. But Shawn did not follow the specifications now Harry doesn't want to pay him the contract amount.
Under doctrine of specific performance, Harry can pay less money than the contract price. Because Shawn has performed substantially, he is not entitled to receive the contract price as agreed.
Step 2. Search to find any summary about the company that mentions funds for starting the business. Try to find any information containing employee data in this section.
Step 3. Find the section where the product or service is detailed. Look to see what kinds of products or services will be involved with the business. Compare this with what other similar business plans are offering.
Record the information you found for steps 2 and 3. Make sure you discuss how the company got money to start the business, employee data, and what products or services the company provides in comparison with what other similar business plans are offering.
We can see here that such company gotten after searching for company that mentions funds for starting the business is Go-o-gle.
Funds for starting the business: $1 million in funding from Andy Bechtolsheim.
Employee data: over 160,000 employees worldwide.
What is a company?A company is a legal and organizational entity formed by individuals or a group of individuals with the purpose of conducting business activities. It is an association of individuals who come together to engage in commercial, industrial, or professional activities in order to generate revenue and make a profit.
Their products are digital and online services.
Comparing this company, we see Microsoft.
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1. Emma knows that she wants to be a digital artist, but she feels like working by herself as a freelancer would be more work than she was willing to do. She is hoping to get a job with a large
animation studio instead. Does she still need business savvy if she is not going to be an entrepreneur?
No, that is only for artists working for themselves.
Yes, she will need to negotiate a good contract for herself
Yes, she is very likely to change her mind and want to freelance.
No, the company she works for will make the best possible deal for her.
Question 5
If an individual has a Holland code suggesting Conventional strengths,
career in which field might be most satisfying?
h
O Finance
O Teaching
O Food Service
O Medicine
If an individual has a Holland code suggesting Conventional strengths, the career in finance field might be most satisfying. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
What is a Holland Code?The Holland Codes, also known as the Holland Occupational Themes, are a taxonomy of interests based on a career and vocational choice theory developed by American psychologist John L. Holland.
The Holland Codes are a component of the Strong Interest Inventory, which is used to assess interests. Holland defines the "Conventional Type" as a person who has "a preference for actives that entail the explicit, ordered, systematic manipulation of data . These behavioral tendencies, in turn, lead to the development of clerical, computational, and business system competencies.
Therefore, a career in finance would be appropriate for an individual who has a Holland code suggesting Conventional strengths.
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A distinguishing characteristic of a telecommuter is that these workers?
Answer:
Generally work evenings instead of days. Work from the office on some days, and from home on other days. Send their work electronically to a central office.
Taxable income shouls be $70,000
The taxable income to Inge Manufacturers Inc. in 2019, given the different income - tax related circumstances, is $ 70, 000.
How to find the taxable income ?The taxable income to Inge Manufacturers, Inc. for the year 2019 can be found by the formula:
= Earnings before taxes - Amount paid to independent contractors + Payment that violated FCPA - charitable deduction from 2017 - Amortization of goodwill expense
The charitable deduction from 2017 will be:
= ( Charitable contribution x ( 1 - Deduction percentage in 2017 ) ) / 3 years
= ( 24, 000 x ( 1 - 1 / 4 ) ) / 3 years
= $6, 000
The taxable income to Inge Manufacturers would therefore be:
= Earnings before taxes - Amount paid to independent contractors + Payment that violated FCPA - charitable deduction from 2017 - Amortization of goodwill expense
= 106, 000 - 47, 000 + 40, 000 - 6, 000 - 23, 000
= $ 70,000
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Do you believe that professional groups should be allowed to assign their own professional codes of conduct and police themselves from within? Why or why not?
Professionals should create their own codes of conduct to cover all issues related to their work and the ethics required in each case.
What is a code of conduct?A code of conduct is a series of rules that establish the behaviors, attitudes, procedures, and responsibilities that a professional has regarding their work activity.
According to the above, it can be inferred that the best alternative to create codes of conduct for the different professions is internally, since this will allow the best qualified professionals in each area to establish the ideal parameters that correspond to each profession.
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which of the following pieces of information will you find on the safety data sheet
walmart
Normally, the safety data sheet (SDS) for a product offered by Walmart will contain details regarding the risks associated with the product, including any potential physical risks or health impacts connected with its use or handling.
Additionally, it might contain details on the proper safety precautions or safeguards to use when utilizing the product, as well as first aid procedures to follow in the event of exposure or unintentional ingestion.
The SDS may also include details on the chemical makeup of the product, its characteristics, and any potential chemical interactions, as well as details on disposal and storage.
The specific information on the SDS will vary depending on the product in question and the laws governing its use and handling.
Here are some examples of the kinds of details you might discover on a safety data sheet:
A household cleaner might have a safety data sheet that details the product's chemical makeup, potential risks (including eye or skin irritation), and safety measures to take when using the product.
An SDS for a paint product may contain details on the chemicals used in the paint and any potential dangers.
An SDS for a product used in a laboratory setting may provide information on the possible health effects of the chemicals in the product and handling safety measures.
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the question is incomplete. the complete question is
What pieces of information will you find on the safety data sheet Walmart?
Which best describes how consumers may benefit from specialization?
Consumers can only purchase high-quality goods.
Consumers have more price options.
O Consumers receive more sale offers.
O Consumers find products at lower prices.
In specialization a company have produced the product at different price levels. Consumers have more price options.
What is consumer?A consumer is a person who purchases the goods and or services from the business and is also the ultimate user of the products or services. In specialization the company produces a certain product at many different levels by which they have many price options available which vary according to their customization and quality that can be offered to the consumers and hence the customer can purchase different types of a single product from a single company or Brand.
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Two key aspects of financial planning are cash planning and profit planning. Cash planning involves the preparation of the cash budget and profit planning involves preparation of pro forma statements. To make cash budget and pro forma statements for a firm, accounting knowledge is needed. Do accounting courses you took before help you better understand how to make cash budget and pro forma income statement and balance sheet? Explain.
Yes. Accounting courses I took before helps us understand how to make cash budget and pro forma income statement and balance sheet.
Here's how accounting courses can help individuals in creating cash budgets, pro forma income statements, and balance sheets:
Cash Budget: Accounting courses teach students about the importance of cash flow management and how to prepare a cash budget. Pro Forma Income Statement: Accounting courses teach students how to analyze historical financial data and use it to forecast future performance. Balance Sheet: Accounting courses provide a comprehensive understanding of balance sheets and their components. Students learn how to analyze assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity to assess the financial position of a company.By studying accounting, individuals gain a solid foundation in financial concepts, reporting standards, and analytical techniques. This knowledge equips them with the skills necessary to create cash budgets, pro forma income statements, and balance sheets effectively.
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Which situation best illustrates an effect of the law of supply?
A. A restaurant loses customers when a similar restaurant opens nearby.
B.a theme park gains customers after it lowers its ticket prices
C. A car dealership increases the number of high cost cars it has for sale
D. A store stops selling a brand of phone that is too expensive for its customers
Answer:
C. A car dealership increases the number of high cost cars it has for sale
Explanation:
APE X
The situation that perfectly illustrates the effect of the law of supply is the increase in the number of cars for sale when the car dealership increases.
Option C is the correct answer.
What is meant by supply?Supply refers to the products that are being manufactured by the producer for sale in the market.
The law of supply states that if the price of products available in the market tends to increase, then the suppliers will also produce more products. This shows a direct relationship between the price of goods and the quantity sold.
Therefore, the law of supply can be figured out from the increase in car dealerships, then the seller is provided with the high-cost cars.
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You’re serving on a marketing team for an online client, and you’ve been asked to create a list of key performance indicators (KPIs) to help improve the effectiveness of a current online ad campaign. What are two guiding principles that will help you create these KPIs? (Choose two.)
- KPIs are available once an ad campaign is complete.
- KPIs are media-channel specific.
- KPIs should be chosen from one metric for a campaign.
- KPIs are quantifiable over a period of time.
- A KPI is a measurement of success.
The two guiding principles that will help you create these KPIs are KPIs are quantifiable over a period of time and A KPI is a measurement of success. The correct options are d and e.
What do you understand about KPIs?KPIs stand for key performance indicators, a quantifiable measure of performance over time for a specific objective. KPIs provide targets for teams to shoot for, milestones to gauge progress, and insights that help people across the organization make better decisions.
From finance and HR to marketing and sales, key performance indicators help every area of the business move forward at the strategic level.
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WHich of the following is not a type of skill needed by effective leaders?
Answer:
WHich of the following is not a type of skill needed by effective leaders?
Answer. power hankering skil
1. Explain how to calculate markup and markup percentages
2. Show how to use markdown formulas to determine sale price
Short Answer Please!
Markup percentage is calculated by dividing the gross profit of a unit by the cost of that unit.
Now, determine markdown. To determine sale price, divide the difference between the price by the actual selling price.
In the sale price, the price that is paid by the buyer at the time when something is sold. The good markup percentage is most businesses set a 50 percent markup.
In the Markup percentage is calculated by dividing the gross profit of a unit ( its sales price minus its cost to make or purchase for resale).
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Which of the following statement is TRUE?
(1 Point)
Developmental programs improve conceptual skills of managers for the future job.
Training programs improve conceptual skills of nonmanagers for the future job.
Developmental programs improve technical skills of nonmanagers for the current job.
Training programs improve technical skills of mangers for the current job.
'Developmental programs improve conceptual skills of managers for the future job' is true. The right answer is a.
The goals and content of training and development are different from one another. While "development" refers to a long-term method through which managerial personnel understand conceptual and theoretical knowledge for broad reasons, "training" is a short-term process through which non-managerial personnel acquire technical knowledge and skills for a specific purpose.
Development covers the process through which managers and executives build capacity for both future managing roles as well as skills and competence for their current ones.
The correct answer is option a.
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MAKARO SUPERSTORE TRIAL BALANCE 31 December, 2022 Capital 30000$ Plant and Machinery 50,000$ Debtors 200,000$ Creditors 100,000$ Loan 95,000$ Interest on Loan 3,000$ Cash 20,000$ Provision for Doubtful Debts 7,000$ Stock on 1st April, 2017 68,000$ Motor Vehicles 100,000$ Bank 35,000$ Land and Building 120,000$ Bad Debts 5,000$ Purchases 660,000$ Sales 1,100,000$ Purchases Return 15,000$ Sales Return 80,000$ Transportation Out Carriage Outwards 25,000$ Transportation In Carriage Inwards 30,000$ Salaries 90,000$ Rent and Insurance 30,000$ Advertising 35,000$ Discount Received 5,000$ General Expenses 34,000$ Bills Receivable 60,000$ Bills Payable 20,000$ Rent Received 3,000$
To prepare the Makara store balance sheet, we will categorize the items into their respective asset, liability, and equity categories.
MAKARO SUPERSTORE Balance Sheet As of 31 December, 2022Assets:
Plant and Machinery: $50,000
Debtors: $200,000
Cash: $20,000
Stock: $68,000
Motor Vehicles: $100,000
Bank: $35,000
Land and Building: $120,000
Bills Receivable: $60,000
Total Assets: $653,000
Liabilities:
Creditors: $100,000
Loan: $95,000
Interest on Loan: $3,000
Provision for Doubtful Debts: $7,000
Bills Payable: $20,000
Total Liabilities: $225,000
Equity:
Capital: $30,000
Total Equity: $30,000
Total Liabilities and Equity: $653,000
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ASAP! GIVING BRAINLIEST! Please read the question THEN answer CORRECTLY! NO guessing. I say no guessing because people usually guess on my questions.
Answer:
This ones slightly tough, but I believe the answer is D.
Explanation:
The word economic means in terms of capital and the market.
The word absolute means total, which in this case, could mean a monopoly.
The word advantage means above others, more prosperous.
Summed up, what I got from the question's instructions was they said who has more of a monopoly on something economic and why.
With that said, China producing more clothing than the United States shows they have a bigger advantage economically over America.
Why would it not be population, though? Great question, I wouldn't go with a population change because a higher population could mean higher costs for the country anyway, which they do not want.
ADUWERE is fast growing profitable company. The company is situated in Iringa, Tanzania. Its sales are expected to grow about three times from TZS 360 million in 2022-2023 to TZS 1,100 million in 2024-2025. The company is considering of commissioning a 35 km pipeline between two areas to carry gas to TANESCO. The project will cost TZS 250 million. The pipeline will have a capacity of 2.5 MMSCM. The company will enter into a contract with TANESCO to supply gas. The revenue from the sale to TANESCO is expected to be TZS 120 million per annum. The pipeline will also be used for transportation of LNG to other users in the area. This is expected to bring additional revenue of TZS 80 million per annum. The company management considers the useful life of the pipeline to be 20 years. The financial manager estimates cash profit to sales ratio of 20% per annum for the first 12 years of the project’s operations and 17% per annum for the remaining life of the project. The project has no salvage value. The project being in a backward area is exempt from paying any taxes. The company requires a rate of return of 15% from the project. Required: 1. What is the project’s payback and return on investment (ROI) 2. Compute project’s NPV and IRR Should the project be accepted? Why?
1. Therefore, the ROI for the project is:ROI = (TZS 1,660 million / TZS 250 million) x 100% = 664%The ROI of the project is 664%.
2. The project should be accepted as the NPV is positive and the IRR is higher than the required rate of return of 15%.
1. Payback period is defined as the duration within which the initial investment made in the project is recovered by the cash inflows that it generates. It is an important capital budgeting tool for measuring the length of time a project will take to recoup the initial investment. Payback period = Initial investment ÷ Net annual cash inflows
The initial investment made by ADUWERE is TZS 250 million.
The net annual cash inflows are calculated as:
Net annual cash inflow = Revenue from TANESCO + Additional revenue from LNG – Operating costs – Maintenance costs
Revenue from TANESCO = TZS 120 million.
Additional revenue from LNG = TZS 80 million
Operating costs = 0.20 * TZS 360 million = TZS 72 million
Maintenance costs = (250/2000)*TZS 360 million = TZS 45 million
Net annual cash inflow = TZS 83 million.
Therefore, the payback period of the project is:Payback period = TZS 250 million ÷ TZS 83 million = 3.01 years. The project has a payback period of 3.01 years. This means that the initial investment made by ADUWERE in the project will be recovered within 3.01 years. Since the useful life of the pipeline is 20 years, this indicates that the project is acceptable.
ROI = (Total net cash inflow / Initial investment) x 100%The total net cash inflow for the project is calculated as:
Total net cash inflow = Net annual cash inflow x Useful life
Total net cash inflow = TZS 83 million x 20 = TZS 1,660 million
Therefore, the ROI for the project is:ROI = (TZS 1,660 million / TZS 250 million) x 100% = 664%.
The ROI of the project is 664%. This indicates that the project is acceptable as the ROI is higher than the required rate of return of 15%.2. Net Present Value (NPV) is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows. NPV = ∑ (Cash inflows / (1 + r)t) – Initial investment
Where,r = Required rate of returnt = Time periodThe NPV of the project is:NPV = (TZS 83 million / (1 + 0.15)1) + (TZS 83 million / (1 + 0.15)2) + … + (TZS 83 million / (1 + 0.15)20) – TZS 250 millionNPV = TZS 505.6 millionIRR or Internal Rate of Return is defined as the rate at which the net present value of the cash inflows is equal to the net present value of cash outflows.
In other words, it is the discount rate that equates the present value of cash inflows with the present value of cash outflows. The IRR of the project can be determined by trial and error method or by using Excel’s IRR function.Using Excel’s IRR function, we get IRR = 47.95%The project should be accepted as the NPV is positive and the IRR is higher than the required rate of return of 15%.
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2. The demographics of your target market are likely to
over the course of
years
Your target market's demographics are likely to change over time. See why below.
What exactly is demographics?Marketing demographics are factors that are used to categorize and segment a market, such as age, geographic location, education level, occupation, income, and so on. Marketing demographics make use of publicly available data.
Demography is the statistical study of human populations. Demographers use census data, surveys, and statistical models to assess population size, migration, and structure.
Demographic characteristics can be easily identified. A few examples are age, gender, family circumstances, education level, income, occupation, and race.
As a result, these characteristics evolve throughout time.
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