a circulart plasmid was cut with a restriction enzyme and 5 bands were visualized after electrophoresis. how many cuts where made in the plasmid
Answers
There are 3 cuts were made in the plasmid.
A round plasmid may be cleaved the use of restrict enzymes. those restriction enzymes cleave the plasmid at specific sites. On cleaving a circular DNA three fragments of DNA may be obtained as there are three reputation websites for restriction enzyme.
It is important to consider the nation of the DNA before digestion. The DNA used on this test became a plasmid, and plasmids are circular. if you reduce a circle once, you get one linear fragment. You have to reduce it a second time to get 2 linear fragments like in Lane 2. If a linear DNA molecule is digested with a restriction enzyme at four recognition web sites at the DNA, 5 fragments would be produced.
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Related Questions
explain the difference between the principles of overload and progression
Answers
A stream is said to be perennial and effluent when ________. A) the channel is above the local water table year round B) the local water table is above the channel bottom year round C) the channel bottom and the water table are constantly at the exact same level D) precipitation is such that the water table remains constant throughout the year
Answers
A stream is said to be perennial and effluent when the local water table is above the channel bottom year round. The correct answer is option b.
This means that the stream constantly receives water from the surrounding water table, allowing it to flow continuously throughout the year. Perennial streams are essential for supporting aquatic ecosystems, as they provide a constant source of water and nutrients. Effluent streams are those that contribute water to another body of water, such as a river or lake. These streams are important for maintaining water quality and supporting downstream habitats.
In contrast, streams that are intermittent or ephemeral may only flow for part of the year or after rainfall events, and are not considered perennial. Understanding the characteristics of perennial and effluent streams is important for managing water resources and protecting aquatic biodiversity.
Therefore, option b is correct.
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how would the smiley faces change if one of the parents were homozygous dominant for all the traits while the other was heterozygous?
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"In a test of the effectiveness of garlic for lowering? cholesterol, 49 subjects were treated with raw garlic. Cholesterol levels were measured before and after the treatment. The changes? (before minus? after) in their levels of LDL cholesterol? (in mg/dL) have a mean of 0.1 and a standard deviation of 15.4. Use a 0.10 significance level to test the claim that with garlic? treatment, the mean change in LDL cholesterol is greater than 0. What do the results suggest about the effectiveness of the garlic?treatment? Assume that a simple random sample has been selected. Identify the null and alternative? hypotheses, test? statistic, P-value, and state the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Determine the test statistic. Determine the P-value"
Answers
The null hypothesis states that the mean change in LDL cholesterol with garlic treatment is not greater than 0, while the alternative hypothesis suggests that it is greater than 0.
The given information presents a study on the effectiveness of garlic for lowering cholesterol. The sample consisted of 49 subjects who were treated with raw garlic, and their LDL cholesterol levels were measured before and after the treatment. The mean change in LDL cholesterol was found to be 0.1, with a standard deviation of 15.4.
To determine whether the garlic treatment has a significant effect on lowering LDL cholesterol, a hypothesis test is conducted using a significance level of 0.10. The null hypothesis (H0) states that the mean change in LDL cholesterol is not greater than 0, implying that the garlic treatment has no effect. The alternative hypothesis (H1) suggests that the mean change is greater than 0, indicating that the garlic treatment is effective.
To perform the hypothesis test, a t-test is used since we have a sample mean and standard deviation. The test statistic is calculated by dividing the mean change (0.1) by the standard deviation (15.4) and multiplying it by the square root of the sample size (49). The resulting test statistic is then compared to the critical value at a significance level of 0.10.
The calculated test statistic is compared to the critical value in the t-distribution table, or it can be obtained using statistical software. The p-value is determined based on the test statistic and the degrees of freedom (n-1), where n is the sample size.
If the p-value is less than the significance level of 0.10, the null hypothesis is rejected, suggesting that the garlic treatment has a significant effect on lowering LDL cholesterol. On the other hand, if the p-value is greater than or equal to 0.10, we fail to reject the null hypothesis, indicating that there is not enough evidence to support the claim of the garlic treatment's effectiveness.
Hypothesis testing allows researchers to make conclusions based on sample data and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments or interventions. In this case, the results of the hypothesis test will provide insights into whether the garlic treatment has a meaningful impact on reducing LDL cholesterol levels. It is important to consider that the effectiveness of garlic for lowering cholesterol may vary among individuals, and further research and studies may be needed to obtain more comprehensive and generalizable results.
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A company has an inventory of 1,400 assorted parts for a line of missiles that has been discontinued. The inventory cost is $74,000. The parts can be either (a) remachined at total additional costs of $27,500 and then sold for $34,000 or (b) sold as scrap for $5,500. Which action is more profitable? Show your calculations.
Answers
The following are the calculations to solve the problem that involves a company that has an inventory of 1,400 assorted parts for a line of missiles that has been discontinued. The inventory cost is $74,000.
The parts can be either (a) remained at a total additional cost of $27,500 and then sold for $34,000 or (b) sold as scrap for $5,500.
Let us solve the problem in the following steps:
Step 1: Calculate the Profitability of Option A - re-machining
Solution:
Total Cost of Remachining= $74,000 + $27,500 = $101,500
Profit from Selling= $34,000*1400 = $47,600,000
Profitability= Profit from Selling - Total Cost of Remachining= $47,600,000 - $101,500= $47,498,500 Step
2: Calculate the Profitability of Option B - Selling as Scrap
Solution:
Profitability of Selling as Scrap = $5,500*1,400= $7,700,000 Comparing the two options, Option A is more profitable than Option B as shown below: Option A: $47,498,500Option B: $7,700,000.
Therefore, the company should go for Option A and machine the parts for a profitable business venture.
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Glutamate is the neurotransmitter released at the rod-bipolar cell synapse. When there is light, the rod membrane potential will ____________ due to _________ of cations through the channel.
Answers
When there is light, the rod membrane potential will hyperpolarize due to the exit of cations (potassium cations) through the channel.
What is membrane hyperpolarization?The expression 'membrane hyperpolarization' makes reference to a membrane potential that becomes negative and thus this difference is used to trigger cell processes.
In this case, membrane hyperpolarization is produced due to the exit of potassium (K+) ions of the cell and thus increase the negative charge.
In conclusion, when there is light, the rod membrane potential will hyperpolarize due to the exit of cations (potassium cations) through the channel.
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how would clay models of several different species compare to each other through the third mitotic division
Answers
With the use of modelling clay and beans, students will simulate meiosis and mitosis while learning about finding of allopurinol, which made it possible to eat watermelon without seeds.
What differences exist between the cells created during meiosis?With the same chromosome count in their parent cell, each of the two daughter cells produced during mitosis is identical to the parent cell. While meiosis creates four distinct clones, each of which contains half as many chromosome as the parent cell, it also results in the death of the original cell.
What distinguishes this mitotic stage from the corresponding meiotic stage in phase I?In meiosis, cells divide twice rather than once, while mitosis only happens once. Mitosis and cytoplasm division result in the production of two daughter cells, whereas meiosis results in the production of four daughter cells. children's cells.
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Stem Cells A stem cell is an u_____ Stem cells from human e cells. Stem cells from adult b m__________ can form cells including b M _____cells in plants can differentiate into any type of plant cell. and p. Stem cells may be able to help treat d In t cloning an embryo is produced with the same DNA as the patient. Stem cells from the embryo are not r as they have the same DNA and antigens as the patient. e cell that can be copied or change into other cell types. can differentiate into most different types of human Risks from stem cell treatment include the transfer of v people have e or r objections. Plant meristem stem cell can be used to produce clones of plants q cells. pathogens, and some and R species can be cloned to protect from e It is possible to clone large numbers of identical Crop plants with desirable features such as d resistance or high crop y
Answers
Stem Cells A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that can be copied or changed into other cell types. Stem cells from human embryonic cells can differentiate into most different types of human cells. Stem cells from adult bone marrow can form cells including blood cells.
Stem cells in plants can differentiate into any type of plant cell. And plant meristem stem cell can be used to produce clones of plants.In cloning, an embryo is produced with the same DNA as the patient. Stem cells from the embryo are not rejected as they have the same DNA and antigens as the patient.Stem cells may be able to help treat diseases. Risks from stem cell treatment include the transfer of pathogens and some people have ethical or religious objections. Species can be cloned to protect from extinction.
It is possible to clone large numbers of identical crop plants with desirable features such as disease resistance or high crop yield.
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If many farmers begin to plant more genetically modified crops that have an increased tolerance to insects, what are some of the long term results?
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The long term results of planting more genetically modified crops with an increased tolerance to insects are complex and multifaceted, and there are both potential benefits and potential risks that need to be considered.
One of the potential long term results of planting more genetically modified crops with an increased tolerance to insects is a decrease in the use of pesticides. This can have a positive effect on the environment, as there will be less chemical runoff into waterways and less potential for harm to non-target species.
However, there is also the potential for insects to develop resistance to the genetically modified crops, leading to a need for new methods of pest control.
Another potential long term result is an increase in crop yield, as the crops will be less likely to be damaged by insects. This can lead to a more stable food supply and potentially lower food prices.
However, there are also concerns about the potential impact of genetically modified crops on biodiversity and the potential for unintended consequences.
For example, there could be unintended effects on other species in the ecosystem or potential health risks for humans consuming the crops.
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Label as Eudicot / Monocot or Both1. Xylem2. Scattered Vascular Bundles3. Pith4. Ringed organization of vascular bundles5. Cortex6. Phloem7. Secondary growth8. Ground tissue9. Vascular bundles
Answers
1. Xylem - monocot
2. Scattered Vascular Bundles - monocot
3. Pith - monocot
4. Ringed organization of vascular bundles - eudicot
5. Cortex - both
6. Phloem - monocot
7. Secondary growth - eudicot
8. Ground tissue - both
9. Vascular bundles - both
Monocots and dicots varries in the following structures: leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. Monocots consists of one cotyledon or vein while dicots have two.
If this data was placed in a bar graph, which statement would describe the graph?
The graph would have only four bars shorter than the bar for grapefruits.
The graph would have five bars taller than the bar for apples.
The graph would have grapefruits and oranges as the tallest bars.
The graph would have only one bar shorter than the bar for peaches.
Answers
If the data presented was placed in a bar graph, the correct statement would be "The graph would have grapefruits and oranges as the tallest bars
This is because the data shows that the average number of fruit per tree for grapefruits and oranges is 100, while for apples and peaches it is 50 and 80 respectively. Thus, the bars representing grapefruits and oranges would be the tallest, while the bars for apples and peaches would be shorter.
It is important to note that the actual height of each bar would depend on the scale used for the graph, and the statement regarding the number of bars shorter or taller than each fruit would not necessarily be accurate without more information.
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Write a hypothesis about the worms and lima bean plants. Be sure to answer the lab question, “How can the presence of one species benefit another in the same ecosystem?”
Hypothesis: If plants are grown in soil containing worms, then . . .
Answers
Answer:
A decomposing creature can decompose the bad items from a plant such as maybe dead leaves this would benefit the plant and the worm so their relationship would be considered Mutualism
Explanation:
The worm is a decomposing creature so it decomposes things like dead bugs and dead leaves and other items.
The relationship between the worm and plant is a mutual relationship because they are both being benefitted.
Of course, you will need to reword this answer but you may use it!
ヽ(^◞ ^)ﾉExplanation: I got it correct.
Answer:
describe about earth warm farming in 3 paragraph??
Answers
Answer:
it is the farming done to increase soil fertility
it is done in pit, drum , or in compost bin
it is eco friendly and reduces soil erosion
it is the farming done to increase soil fertility
it is done in pit, drum, or in compost bin
it is eco friendly and reduces soil erosion
Help me with question 2 quick please!!!
Answers
In a pedigree, circles typically represent female individuals, while squares represent male individuals. Pedigrees are diagrams that illustrate the genetic relationships within a family across multiple generations. They are commonly used in genetics to study the inheritance of traits or genetic disorders.
The circles and squares in a pedigree represent individuals within the family, with the shapes denoting their gender. The lines connecting the shapes indicate relationships, such as marriages or parent-child connections. Offspring are typically shown below and connected to their parents.
Therefore, by analyzing a pedigree, geneticists can study patterns of inheritance, track the transmission of genetic traits or diseases, and make predictions about the likelihood of specific traits or conditions appearing in future generations.
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When DNA is replicated, which of the following is true?
A. Each strand of the double helix serves as a template for a new strand.
B. The DNA is translated into a single strand of mRNA first, then copies are made from the mRNA.
C. The strands are copied then sealed back together, so there is one helix with new strands, and 1 helix with original strands.
D. The original and new DNA strands are mixed together so each helix has pieces of both.
Answers
Answer:
a. Each strand of the double helix serves as a template for a new strand.
Each strand of the double helix serves as a template for a new strand. The correct option is A.
What is DNA replication?The operation by which the genome's DNA is copy and pasted in cells is known as DNA replication. Before dividing, a cell must replicate its entire genetic code so that each resulting daughter cell has its own complete genome.
During DNA replication, each of the double helix's two strands serves as a template from which new strands are copied.
The new strand will work in tandem with the parental or "old" strand. Each new double strand is made up of one parental and one daughter strand.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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Which of the following is not considered a basic technique when controlling bleeding?
a. Apply a cervical collar and place the patient on a long backboard
b. Pack the wound with a hemostatic impregnated gauze
c. Apply a tourniquet to an extremity above the level of the bleeding
d. Apply direct pressure over the wound with a dry, sterile dressing
Answers
The correct answer is (a) "Apply a cervical collar and place the patient on a long backboard" is not considered a basic technique when controlling bleeding.
Controlling bleeding is a crucial step in managing traumatic injuries. The primary goal is to stop or minimize the bleeding to prevent further blood loss and stabilize the patient. Basic techniques for controlling bleeding involve direct pressure, wound packing, and tourniquet application.
Option (a), applying a cervical collar and placing the patient on a long backboard, is not directly related to controlling bleeding. A cervical collar and backboard are used to immobilize the cervical spine and provide stability during suspected spinal injuries. While immobilization is important in trauma management, it does not directly address the control of bleeding.
On the other hand, options (b), (c), and (d) are all appropriate techniques for controlling bleeding. Packing the wound with a hemostatic impregnated gauze promotes clotting, applying a tourniquet above the bleeding site restricts blood flow to the affected area, and applying direct pressure with a sterile dressing helps to stem the bleeding.
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plsss help asap omg T-T
Answers
Breathing allows us to take in Oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
When we inhale the ribs expand and make room for the lungs to fill with air.
These are the only ones I know I am so sorry but I hope it helps.
an rna product from a fragment of dna has the sequence of aauuggcu. the sequence of the nontemplate strand in the dna that gave rise to the sequence is which one of the following?
Answers
The sequence of the nontemplate strand in the DNA that gave rise to this sequence is (C) AATTGGCT.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil around one another to create a double helix. The polymer contains genetic instructions for all known organisms and viruses' genesis, functioning, growth, and reproduction. Nucleic acids include DNA and ribonucleic acid.
Do all humans have the same DNA?
The human genome is mostly the same in all people. But there are variations across the genome. This genetic variation accounts for about 0.001 percent of each person's DNA and contributes to differences in appearance and health.
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Full Question :An RNA produced from a fragment of DNA has the sequence of AAUUGGCU. The sequence of the nontemplate strand in the DNA that gave rise to this sequence is which one of the following?
(A) AGCCAATT
(B) AAUUGGCU
(C) AATTGGCT
(D) TTAACCGA
(E) UUAACCGA
When __________ evaporates and later falls back to the ground, it carries nutrients with it to different ecosystems. What word completes the sentence?
Answers
Water because it would be considered run off.
Answer:
Water or precipitation
Explanation:
yes,it's considered runoff
Suppose your friend investigated the color of pea pods and concluded that green pods (G) were dominant over yellow pods (g). What experimental evidence would be needed to support this conclusion?
Answers
This information can be confirmed by obtaining the observed phenotypic frequency in the second generation (F2) of a genetic cross between pure lines.
The observed phenotypic frequency is the number of individuals that have a specific observable trait (in this case, green pods or yellow pods).A dominant trait produces a 3:1 phenotypic rate in the second generation (F2) of a genetic cross between two pure lines.In conclusion, this information can be confirmed by obtaining the observed phenotypic frequency in the second generation (F2) of a genetic cross between pure lines..
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Answer:This information can be confirmed by obtaining the observed phenotypic frequency in the second generation (F2) of a genetic cross between pure lines.
Explanation:This information can be confirmed by obtaining the observed phenotypic frequency in the second generation (F2) of a genetic cross between pure lines.
Which of the following is a compressional/longitudinal wave?
А
water
B
fans doing the "wave" in a football stadium
С
light
D
sound
Answers
Answer:
D. Sound
Explanation:
Both А. water and B. fans doing the "wave" in a football stadium are both literal waves and are not examples of a compressional/longitudinal
Answer:
the answer is sound
Explanation:
a sound wave in longitudinal
what is the effect of uncoupling photosystem 1 from photosystem 2 on the hill reaction and why? how can this be used to develop chemical herbicides? how can this be used to study the relative reaction rates of each photosystem independently? can oxygen production be used to measure photosynthetic activity? would oxygen be produced in the presence of chemical uncouplers such as DCMU? a white light source was used in this experiment. would you expect to find photosynthetic activity at all wavelengths? why or why not?
Answers
Uncoupling photosystem 1 (PS1) from photosystem 2 (PS2) in the Hill reaction affects electron transport and ATP production. This disruption leads to a reduction in photosynthetic activity and oxygen production.
Chemical herbicides, like DCMU, exploit this by blocking electron flow from PS2, inhibiting plant growth.
Studying each photosystem independently can be achieved by using specific wavelengths of light, as PS1 and PS2 have distinct absorption peaks. Oxygen production can be used to measure photosynthetic activity, as it indicates efficient electron transport and overall process efficiency.
DCMU prevents oxygen production by disrupting electron flow. With a white light source, not all wavelengths are equally effective in driving photosynthesis, as only specific wavelengths are efficiently absorbed by the photosystems. Understanding these variations helps optimize artificial light sources for plant growth and research.
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An animal is born with a random mutation that results in larger than normal ears for its species. As a result, the animal is able to hunt both small and large prey.
How can this mutation be best described?
vive increases
What’s the answer
Answers
You already selected it! It's a beneficial effect since the animal's ability to survive increases! :)
explain why you have so many responses to one stimulus
Answers
Answer:
When a stimulus is detected by a sensory receptor, it can elicit a reflex via stimulus transduction.
in which skull (sphenoid bone) marking does the pituitary gland sit?
Answers
The pituitary gland sits in a specific marking within the sphenoid bone of the skull, known as the sella turcica.
The sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone, located at the base of the skull. It is an essential structure that provides protection and support to the pituitary gland, a vital endocrine gland responsible for hormone production and regulation.
The sella turcica comprises three parts: the tuberculum sellae, the hypophysial fossa, and the dorsum sellae. The hypophysial fossa is the central, concave depression where the pituitary gland resides. The tuberculum sellae forms the anterior boundary of the sella turcica, while the dorsum sellae forms the posterior boundary.
The pituitary gland, also called the hypophysis, plays a crucial role in the endocrine system by producing and secreting various hormones that regulate a wide range of bodily functions, such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response. The close relationship between the pituitary gland and the sphenoid bone's sella turcica is vital for maintaining the proper functioning of this essential gland.
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Which of the following is NOT a psychological factor affecting pain?interpretationanxietyattentionendorphins
Answers
Interpretation, anxiety, and attention are psychological factors affecting pain. Psychological factors that are present when we sense pain can completely change the intensity of pain.
Endorphins serves as analgesic or sedative that curtail pain that are produced in the brain, spinal cord and other parts of he body that are discharged as a feedback to the neurotransmitters of the brain.
Answer - Option 4 - endorphins
RNAi is a special double-stranded
nucleic acid that can block the production
of a specific protein in the body. How are
the researchers using this technology in
planarian flatworms?
Answers
Researchers are using RNAi technology in planarian flatworms to study the role of specific proteins in regeneration by blocking their production and observing the effects on the flatworm's ability to regenerate.
What is RNAi technology?RNAi (RNA interference) is a cellular mechanism that regulates gene expression by suppressing the production of specific proteins. It works by targeting messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules that carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where proteins are made.
RNAi technology uses double-stranded RNA molecules to mimic the natural RNAi process, thereby inhibiting the production of specific proteins in cells. This technology has numerous applications in areas such as medical research, drug development, and agriculture.
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Which structures are found only in plant cells, not in animal cells?
- [ ] A and B
- [ ] B and C
- [ ] C and D
- [ ] D and A
![Which structures are found only in plant cells, not in animal cells? - [ ] A and B - [ ] B and C - [](https://i5t5.c14.e2-1.dev/c-qa-images/contents/attachments/PiCSguEBfHSrkq42QpcVmEpsuI1tV3Jb.png)
Answers
Answer:
answer is b and c
Explanation:
they have different cells, and chloroplast is only in plant cell
Need help with this emt class it hard pls smart people only
Answers
Answer:
Coast Guard
Explanation:
What is the best method for describing and mapping terrestrial biomes? Biome Metric System (BMS) There's no standardized method, so the best method is to evaluate climatic conditions and the dominant form of vegetation International System of Biomes (ISB) Universal Biome System (UBS) There's no standardized method, so the best method is to evaluate human uses and valuation of the area
Answers
The best method for describing and mapping terrestrial biomes typically involves evaluating climatic conditions and the dominant form of vegetation. This approach is widely used and forms the basis for various classification systems, including the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system and the Holdridge life zone classification system. These systems consider factors such as temperature, precipitation, and vegetation types to classify and map different biomes.
While there is no universally standardized method for describing and mapping biomes, the evaluation of climatic conditions and vegetation provides a robust and scientifically grounded approach. It allows for the identification of distinct biomes based on their ecological characteristics and helps understand the distribution of different biomes across the Earth's surface.
Other approaches, such as the International System of Biomes (ISB) or Universal Biome System (UBS), may incorporate additional factors or emphasize human uses and valuation of the area. These approaches may be more focused on human perspectives or conservation priorities rather than purely ecological considerations. However, when it comes to a scientific understanding of biomes, evaluating climatic conditions and vegetation remain key factors.
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