Answer:
aₓ = 0 , ay = -6.8125 m / s²
Explanation:
This is an exercise that we can solve with kinematics equations.
Initially the rabbit moves on the x axis with a speed of 1.10 m / s and after seeing the predator acceleration on the y axis, therefore its speed on the x axis remains constant.
x axis
vₓ = v₀ₓ = 1.10 m / s
aₓ = 0
y axis
initially it has no speed, so v₀_y = 0 and when I see the predator it accelerates, until it reaches the speed of 10.6 m / s in a time of t = 1.60 s. let's calculate the acceleration
\(v_{y}\)= v_{oy} -ay t
ay = (v_{oy} -v_{y}) / t
ay = (0 -10.9) / 1.6
ay = -6.8125 m / s²
the sign indicates that the acceleration goes in the negative direction of the y axis
Consider a double-paned window consisting of two panes of glass, each with a thickness of 0.500 cm and an area of 0.760 m2 , separated by a layer of air with a thickness of 1.65 cm . The temperature on one side of the window is 0.00 ∘C; the temperature on the other side is 23.0 ∘C. In addition, note that the thermal conductivity of glass is roughly 36 times greater than that of air. Approximate the heat transfer through this window by ignoring the glass. That is, calculate the heat flow per second through 1.65 cm of air with a temperature difference of 23.0 ∘C . (The exact result for the complete window is 24.4 J/s .)
The approximate heat transfer through 1.65 cm of air with a temperature difference of 23.0 °C is approximately 24.4 J/s.
To approximate the heat transfer through the air layer in the double-paned window, we can assume that the glass layers have a negligible impact on the heat flow. The heat transfer can be calculated using Fourier's Law of Heat Conduction, which states that the heat flow (Q) is proportional to the temperature difference (ΔT) and inversely proportional to the thickness (L) and thermal conductivity (k) of the material.
First, we need to calculate the effective thermal conductivity of the air layer due to its thickness and the thermal conductivity ratio between air and glass. Let's denote the thermal conductivity of air as k_air and the thermal conductivity of glass as k_glass. Since glass has a thermal conductivity roughly 36 times greater than air, we have k_glass = 36 * k_air.
Next, we calculate the effective thermal conductivity of the air layer as:
k_eff = (k_air * L_air) / (L_air + k_glass)
Substituting the given values, we have:
k_eff = (k_air * 0.0165 m) / (0.0165 m + 0.005 m) = 0.01309 * k_air
Now, we can calculate the heat flow per second through the air layer using the formula:
Q = (k_eff * A * ΔT) / L_air
Substituting the given values, we get:
Q = (0.01309 * k_air * 0.760 m^2 * 23.0 K) / 0.0165 m = 24.4 J/s
Therefore, the approximate heat transfer through 1.65 cm of air with a temperature difference of 23.0 °C is approximately 24.4 J/s.
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We recommend that our students get at least _____ hours of behind-the-wheel instruction.
A. 6
B. 10
C. 25
D. 50
Which two factors affect the force between two masses, according to the universal law of gravitation? the masses of the objects the radii of the two objects the speed of the two objects the distance between the objects the weight of the two objects
Answer:1. The masses Of The objects 2.the distance between the objects
Explanation:
newton's law of universal gravitation states that the force of attraction between two masses is directly proportional to the product Of The masses, and inversely proportional to thermal square Of The distance between them.therefore we can conclude that the two factors affecting the force between masses are:(1)the masses of the objects (2)the distance between the objects
The two factors that affect the force between two masses, according to the universal law of gravitation are
the masses of the objectsthe distance between the objectsWhat is newton's Universal law of gravitation?Newton's Universal law of gravitation states that the force of attraction that exists between particle or objects is directly proportion to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the distances between them .
Therefore, The two factors that affect the force between two masses, according to the universal law of gravitation are
the masses of the objects.the distance between the objects.Learn more about Newton's universal law of gravitation below.
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A student rubs a rubber balloon on their hair for several seconds. The student then rubs a second rubber balloon on her hair for the same length of time. The student determines that the first rubber balloon is repelled by the second rubber balloon, but the first rubber balloon is attracted to her hair. Which of the following claims, with appropriate evidence, if any, supports the notion of the two- charge model? Justify your selection.
A. The first rubber balloon is repelled by the second rubber balloon, but the first rubber balloon is attracted to the hair. These results show that two charges must exist because certain combinations of charges attract and certain combinations of charges repel.
B. The first rubber balloon is repelled by the second rubber balloon. This result shows that the charge of both objects must have the same sign.
C. The first rubber balloon is attracted to the hair. This result shows that the charge of both objects must be opposite in sign.
D. None of the claims nor evidence support the notion of the two-charge model.
Answer:
Option A
Explanation:
In this experiment, when balloon is rubbed on the chair electrons are transferred from the hair to the surface of the balloon thereby making balloon negatively charged and hair positively charged. When two negatively charged balloon are brought close to each other, they repel while when balloon is brought closer to the hair, they attract each other
Hence, option A is correct
Running at 2.0 m/s, Burce, the 45.0 kg quarterback, collides with Max, the 90.0 kg tackle, who is traveling at 7.0 m/s in the other direction. Upon collision, Max continues to travel forward at 1.0 m/s. Draw or describe simply the diagram before and after collision including objects, mass, velocity, and velocity vectors.
Answer:
max
Explanation:
because its right 90/7
What is the vibrating source that creates sound waves?
Answer:
Sound is produced when an object vibrates, creating a pressure wave. This pressure wave causes particles in the surrounding medium (air, water, or solid) to have vibrational motion. As the particles vibrate, they move nearby particles, transmitting the sound further through the medium.
Identify the characteristic of the transverse wave that halved from wave A (black) to wave B (green).
a) amplitude
b) crest
c) trough
d) wavelength
Answer:
D
Explanation:
The wavelength of wave B (green) is half of the wavelength of wave A (black). Therefore, option (d) is correct.
What is wavelength?The wavelength of a wave can be defined as the distance between the two adjacent points which are in phase with respect to each other. The separation between the two adjacent crests or adjacent troughs on a wave is also known as wavelength.
The relationship between the wavelength (λ) of the wave, frequency (ν), and speed of the wave (V) is:
V = νλ
Transverse waves oscillate along routes that are perpendicular to the direction in which the wave is propagating forward. In a transverse wave, particles of matter are oscillated up and down about their mean position instead of following the path of the wave.
Therefore, the wavelength of the transverse wave halved from black wave A to green wave B.
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On a brisk walk, a person burns about 340 Cal/h. If the brisk walk were done at 3.5 mi/h, how far would a person have to walk to burn off 1 lb of body fat? (A pound of body fat stores an amount of chemical energy equivalent to 3,500 Cal.) answer:_____mi
Given:
• Amount of fat stored = 3500 Cal
,• Rate = 340 Cal/h
,• Speed of brisk walk = 3.5 mi/h
Let's find the distance a person will have to walk to burn off 1 lb of body fat.
Since the person burns fat at a rate of 340 Cal/h, the number of hours it will take to burn 1 lb will be:
\(\begin{gathered} t=\frac{3500}{340} \\ \\ t=10.29\text{ hours} \end{gathered}\)It will take the person 10.29 hours to burn 1 lb.
Now, since the speed of the walk is 3.5 mi/h and the time it will take to burn 1 lb is 10.29 hours, the distance the person will cover to burn 1 lb will be:
\(\begin{gathered} d=s*t \\ d=3.5*10.29 \\ d=36.03\text{ mi} \\ \end{gathered}\)Therefore, the person will have to will have to walk 36.03 miles
ANSWER:
36.03 mi
Select the correct answer.
The motion of a car on a position-time graph is represented with a horizontal line. What does this indicate about the car's motion?
A. It's not moving.
B.It's moving at a constant speed.
C.It's moving at a constant velocity
D.It's speeding up.
Answer:
It isn't moving
Explanation:
Three children are struggling and pulling on a single toy. Two of the children, Abe and Barry, are EACH (individually) pulling with a force of 60 Newtons. The third child, Eric, is pulling with enough force to exactly balance Abe and Barry (no child is winning the tug-o-war for the toy). We can label our forces A, B, and E (from each child's name). These three forces are in equilibrium.
If Abe is pulling toward the North and Barry is pulling toward the East, we want to find the total force R due to Abe and Barry (the Resultant of their forces). Note: in THIS case the two forces and R form a right-triangle (with R as the hypotenuse) - as seen using graphical vector addition. As a convention let's have NORTH upward and EAST rightward on this page.
a. Sketch an ACCURATE free-body diagram (three arrows outward from a point showing LABELED forces A, B, and E - each arrow a reasonable length and correct direction):
b. Sketch a labeled diagram for graphical addition of A and B to get R:
c. Show the calculation of the magnitude of R from the magnitudes of A and B:
d. Give the magnitude of force E (in units of Newtons):
e. Describe the direction of force E in terms of the "cardinal" directions (north, east, south, and/or west):
Solution :
c). \($\vec{F}_A = $\) force applied by Abe
\($\vec{F}_B = $\) force applied by Barry
\($\vec{F}_E = $\) force applied by Eric
\($\vec{F}_R = $\) Resultant force
\($\vec{F}_A $\) in the vector form can be written as :
\($\vec{F}_A = 0 \hat{i} + 60 \hat{j}$\)
\($\vec{F}_B $\) in the vector form can be written as :
\($\vec{F}_B = 60 \hat{i} + 0 \hat{j}$\)
The resultant,
\($\vec{F}_R= \vec{F}_A+\vec{F}_B $\)
\($=(0 \hat i + 60 \hat j)+(60 \hat i + 0\hat j)$\)
\($=60 \hat i + 60 \hat j$\)
\($|\vec{F}_R| = \sqrt{60^2+60^2}$\)
= 84.853 N
d). As the three forces are in equilibrium, therefore,
\($|\vec F_E| = |\vec F_R|$\)
\($|\vec F_E| =84.853 \ N$\)
e). The direction of the force exerted by Eric is exactly opposite to the direction of the resultant force.
The direction of the resultant force is :
\($\theta = \tan ^{-1}\left(\frac{F_y}{F_x}\right)$\)
\($ = \tan ^{-1}\left(\frac{60}{60}\right)$\)
= 45° north east
The direction of the force E is 45° west or 45° south west.
a heat engine is a device that uses to produce useful work
A heat engine is a device that uses to produce useful work.
Definition - a device for producing motive power from heat, such as a gasoline engine or steam engine.
So..
If this is a true or false question.. Your answer is:
TRUE
Answer:
HEAT
Explanation:
A hungry rabbit sprints... what is the average velocity of the rabbit between the times t = 2 s and t = 12 s
Answer: -0.10m/s
Explanation:
khan academy
Using what you have learned about research methods, what are some of the limitations of Freud’s theory of personality? 1. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. ________________________________________________________________________________________
Using what has been learned about research methods, some of the limitations of Freud’s theory of personality are
Scientifically, it is challenging to test his hypotheses.It is hard to quantify ideas like libido, hence they cannot be tested.Research has been done, and it tends to refute Freud's notion.Predictions of the future are too hazy.This is further explained below.
What is the Freudian theory?Generally, Id, ego, and superego, according to Freud, make up the three parts of the mind, and interactions and conflicts between these parts are what provide personality (Freud, 1923/1949).
The id, according to Freudian thought, is the psychological trait that serves as the foundation for our most primal instincts.
In conclusion,
Scientifically, it is challenging to test his hypotheses.It is hard to quantify ideas like libido, hence they cannot be tested.Research has been done, and it tends to refute Freud's notion.Predictions of the future are too hazy.Read more about Freudian theory
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What’s more dense, a 200g bar of Aluminum or a 2g cube of Aluminum?
Answer:
2g cube of Aluminum
Explanation:
You see a train that is moving toward you and sounding its
whistle at a constant frequency. Compared to the sound
produced by the whistle, the wavelength of the sound
observed by you is
Answer:
Shorter
Explanation:
i got the same question lol
When a train approaches the observer, the observer hears the sound with high frequency and the wavelenght observed by the observer is shorter.
What is doppler effect?Doppler effect is defined as the phenomenon observed when the a wave from the source is moving towards or moving away from the observer. It gives the relation between the frequency change with respect to the observer.
When a light or sound wave from the source is moving towards the observer, it get compressed. When a light or sound wave is moving away from the observer, it gets stretched.
When the sound wave move towards the observer, the frequency received by the observer is greater. This is called the blue shift. When the sound waves move away from the observer, the frequency received by the observer is lesser. This is called red shift.
Frequency is inversely proportional to the wavelength. In red shift, frequency is lesser and wavelegth is higher. In blue shift, the wavelength is shorter due to higher frequency.
Hence, the train approach the observer, have high frequency and shorter wavelength.
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An intrepid hiker reaches a large crevasse in his hiking route. He sees a nice landing ledge 60.0 cm below his position but it is across a 2.3 m gap. He spends 1.2 s accelerating horizontally at 5.92 m/s2 [right] in an attempt to launch himself to the safe landing on the far side of the gap. Does he make it?
The hiker made it to a safe landing on the other side of the gap after travelling horizontally at 2.49 m.
What is the time motion from the vertical height?
The time taken for the hiker to fall from the given height is calculated as follows;
h = vt + ¹/₂gt²
where;
v is the vertical velocity = 0t is the time of motiong is acceleration due to gravityh is the height of fallh = ¹/₂gt²
t = √(2h/g)
t = √[(2 x 0.6) / (9.8)]
t = 0.35 seconds
The horizontal velocity of the hiker during the period of acceleration is calculated as follows;
Vₓ = at
Vₓ = (5.92 m/s²) x (1.2 s)
Vₓ = 7.104 m/s
The horizontal distance travelled during the time period of 0.35 seconds;
X = Vₓt
X = 7.104 x 0.35
X = 2.49 m
Thus, the hiker made it to a safe landing on the other side of the gap which is 2.3 m wide and smaller to his horizontal displacement of 2.49 m.
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An electron with a velocity of 14.4 m/s in the positive y-direction enters a region where there is a uniform electric field of 201 N/C in the positive x-direction. The mass of the electron is 9.109 × 10−31 kg.
What is the y-component of the electron’s displacement 2.40 μs after entering the electric-field region if no other forces act on it in μm?
What is the x-component of the electron’s displacement 2.40 μs after entering the electric-field region if no other forces act on it in m?
1. The electron experiences acceleration and moves independently in the y-direction.
2. The y-component of the electron's displacement after 2.40 μs in the electric field is -8.11 μm.
3. The x-component of displacement remains zero.
To calculate the y-component and x-component of the electron's displacement, we need to consider the motion of the electron in the electric field. Let's break it down step by step:
1. Acceleration of the Electron:
The electric field causes a force on the electron given by the equation: F = qE, where F is the force, q is the charge of the electron, and E is the electric field.
Since the charge of an electron is -1.6 × \(10^-^1^9\) C, and the electric field is 201 N/C, we can calculate the force:
F = (-1.6 × \(10^-^1^9\)C) * (201 N/C)
= -3.216 × \(10^-^1^7\) N
Using Newton's second law, F = ma, we can find the acceleration (a) of the electron:
a = F / m
= (-3.216 × \(10^-^1^7\) N) / (9.109 ×\(10^-^3^1\) kg)
= -3.530 × \(10^1^3 m/s^2\)
2. Displacement in the y-direction:
Since no other forces act on the electron, its motion in the y-direction is independent of the electric field. The equation for displacement (y) under constant acceleration is:
y = (1/2) * a *\(t^2\)
Substituting the values, where the time (t) is 2.40 μs (2.40 ×\(10^-^6\) s), we can calculate the y-component of displacement:
y = (1/2) * (-3.530 ×\(10^1^3 m/s^2\)) * (2.40 ×\(10^-^6 s)^2\)
= -8.11 μm
Therefore, the y-component of the electron's displacement 2.40 μs after entering the electric-field region is -8.11 μm.
3. Displacement in the x-direction:
Since the electron's velocity is only in the y-direction initially, the x-component of the displacement remains zero. Without any forces acting in the x-direction, the electron continues to move in the y-direction without changing its x-position.
Hence, the x-component of the electron's displacement 2.40 μs after entering the electric-field region is 0 meters.
Please note that the calculations provided are based on the given values and the provided formulas for displacement and acceleration.
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Breifly describe how traits are passed down from human parents to their offspring. In your description, be sure to include the terms gene, chromosome, and meiosis.
Answer:
Parents pass on traits or characteristics, such as eye colour and blood type, to their children through their genes
Explanation:
you move a 25 N object 5.0 meters. how much work did you do?
Answer:
125J
Explanation:
\(work \: = force \: \times distance \\ = 25 \times 5 \\ = 125joules\)
34. [8 Marks] A spring is compressed with a 5.0 kg mass by 20.0 cm from its equilibrium position. When the spring is released, the 5.0 kg mass travels along a smooth horizontal surface and then up a frictionless plane at 30° to the horizontal. Calculate the distance it would travel up the inclined plane before coming back down again.
Answer and Explaination:
To solve this problem, we can analyze the forces acting on the mass as it travels up the inclined plane. We'll consider the gravitational force and the force exerted by the spring.
1. Gravitational force:
The force due to gravity can be broken down into two components: one perpendicular to the inclined plane (mg * cosθ) and one parallel to the inclined plane (mg * sinθ), where m is the mass and θ is the angle of the inclined plane.
2. Force exerted by the spring:
The force exerted by the spring can be calculated using Hooke's Law, which states that the force exerted by a spring is directly proportional to the displacement from its equilibrium position. The force can be written as F = -kx, where F is the force exerted by the spring, k is the spring constant, and x is the displacement from the equilibrium position.
Given:
Mass (m) = 5.0 kg
Compression of the spring (x) = 20.0 cm = 0.20 m
Angle of the inclined plane (θ) = 30°
First, let's find the force exerted by the spring (F_spring):
F_spring = -kx
To find k, we need the spring constant. Let's assume that the spring is ideal and obeys Hooke's Law linearly.
Next, let's calculate the gravitational force components:
Gravitational force parallel to the inclined plane (F_parallel) = mg * sinθ
Gravitational force perpendicular to the inclined plane (F_perpendicular) = mg * cosθ
Since the inclined plane is frictionless, the force parallel to the inclined plane (F_parallel) will be canceled out by the force exerted by the spring (F_spring) when the mass reaches its highest point.
At the highest point, the gravitational force perpendicular to the inclined plane (F_perpendicular) will be equal to the force exerted by the spring (F_spring).
Therefore, we have:
F_perpendicular = F_spring
mg * cosθ = -kx
Now, let's substitute the known values and solve for k:
(5.0 kg * 9.8 m/s^2) * cos(30°) = -k * 0.20 m
49.0 N * 0.866 = -k * 0.20 m
42.426 N = -0.20 k
k = -42.426 N / (-0.20 m)
k = 212.13 N/m
Now that we know the spring constant, we can calculate the maximum potential energy stored in the spring (PE_spring) when the mass reaches its highest point:
PE_spring = (1/2) * k * x^2
PE_spring = (1/2) * 212.13 N/m * (0.20 m)^2
PE_spring = 4.243 J
The maximum potential energy (PE_spring) is equal to the maximum kinetic energy (KE_max) at the highest point, which is also the energy the mass has gained from the spring.
KE_max = PE_spring = 4.243 J
Next, we can calculate the height (h) the mass reaches on the inclined plane:
KE_max = m * g * h
4.243 J = 5.0 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * h
h = 4.243 J / (5.0 kg * 9.8 m/s^2)
h = 0.086 m
The height the mass reaches on the inclined plane is 0.086 m.
Now, we can calculate the distance traveled.
A 5.0 kg object compresses a spring by 0.20 m with a spring constant of 25 N/m. It climbs an incline, reaching a maximum height of 0.0102 m before coming back down, traveling a total distance of 0.0428 m.
Given data: Mass of the object, m = 5.0 kg, Displacement of the spring, x = 20.0 cm = 0.20 mAngle of the inclined plane, θ = 30°Calculating the spring constant, k. Using Hooke’s Law; F = -kx Where F is the restoring force required to bring the spring back to its equilibrium position.From the equation, F = ma For the object attached to the spring,m * a = -kx. On integrating,∫ma dt = -∫kx dt .On integrating the left side with limits from 0 to t and right side with limits from 0 to x, where the limits on the left are for acceleration and the right are for the displacement of the spring; mv - mu = -½ kx²At maximum compression, the velocity of the mass is zero, i.e., v = 0 and the initial velocity is also zero. Therefore, mv - mu = -½ kx²0 - 0 = -½ k (0.20)²∴ k = 25 N/mWork done on the spring in compressing it, W = ½ kx² = 0.5 * 25 * (0.20)² = 0.5 JSince the inclined plane is frictionless, the only force acting on the object will be the component of its weight acting along the plane. Hence, it will move up the incline with an acceleration of, a = g sin θ = 9.8 * sin 30° = 4.9 m/s²When the object has reached its maximum height, its velocity will be zero. Using the equation of motion; v² - u² = 2as0 - u² = 2as∴ s = u² / 2a. Now, the initial velocity of the object up the incline is,u = √(2gH)Where H is the height to which it climbs, and is given by, H = W / m g Where W is the work done on the object in lifting it to height H, and m is the mass of the object. W = 0.5 J, m = 5 kg. So, H = 0.5 / (5 * 9.8) = 0.0102 m∴ u = √(2gH) = √(2 * 9.8 * 0.0102) = 0.4525 m/sNow, the distance traveled by the object up the incline is,s = u² / 2a = (0.4525)² / (2 * 4.9) = 0.0214 m. When the object comes back down, it will travel the same distance down the incline, before coming to rest. Therefore, the total distance travelled up and down the incline is,2s = 2 * 0.0214 = 0.0428 m.For more questions on the spring constant
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What characteristics determine how easily two substances change temperature? Check all that apply.
volume of the two substances in contact
amount of time the two substances are in contact
Oarea in contact between the two substances
specific heat of the material that makes up the substances
density of the two substances in contact
Answer:
The characteristics that determine how easily two substances change temperature are:
specific heat of the material that makes up the substancesarea in contact between the two substancesThe volume and density of the substances and the amount of time they are in contact do not directly affect how easily they change temperature.
Explanation:
Your new toaster has two separate toasting units, each of which consumes 600 watts of power when it is in use. When you operate one unit, a current of 5 amperes flowsthrough the wiring in your home and the wires waste about 1 watt of power handling that current. If you operate both toasting units at once, your toaster consumes 1200 watts and the current flowing through the wiring in your home doubles to 10 amperes. How much power will the wires in your home waste now
Answer:
1.92 Watt lost
Explanation:
Power rating of each toaster = 600 Watts
Current that flows = 5 Amperes
Wasted power = 1 Watt
Voltage of toaster can be gotten from P = \(I^{2}\)R
where I = current
and R = Resistance
600 = \(5^{2}\) x R
R = 600/25 = 24 Ohms.
According to joules loss due to heating of wire
Power loss P ∝ \(I^{2}\)R
imputing values,
1 ∝ \(5^{2}\) x 24
1 ∝ 600
to remove the proportionality sign, we introduce a constant k
1 = 600k
k = 1/600 = 0.00167
For the case where the current is doubled to 10 ampere, as the power doubles to 1200 W.
The resistance across the wire becomes
1200 = \(10^{2}\)R
R = 1200/100 = 12 Ohms
power loss P = k x \(I^{2}\)R
P = 0.0016 x \(10^{2}\) x 12
P = 1.92 Watt lost
This question involves the concepts of power, current, and resistance.
The power wasted by the wires in the home for two units will be "4 watt".
POWER WASTAGEThe power wasted by the wires can be given in terms of current and resistance by the following formula:
\(P=I^2R\\\\\frac{P}{I^2}=R=Constant\\\\\frac{P_1}{I_1^2}=\frac{P_2}{I_2^2}\)
where,
P₁ = Power wasted for one unit = 1 wattI₁ = current through wires for one unit = 5 AR = Resistance of wires = constantP₂ = Power wasted for two units = ?I₂ = Current through wires for two units = 10 ATherefore,
\(\frac{1\ watt}{(5\ A)^2}=\frac{P_2}{(10\ A)^2}\\\\P_2=\frac{(1\ watt)(100\ A^2)}{25\ A^2}\)
P₂ = 4 watt
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if a bird catches its prey from a height which was initially at rest then momentum is conserved for?
Bird
Prey
Both
None
For the two animals involved (bird and its prey), the momentum of both animals is conserved.
What is principle of conservation of linear momentum?
The principle of conservation of momentum states that if two objects collide, then the total momentum before and after the collision will be the same if there is no external force acting on the colliding objects.
Initial momentum = final momentum
Thus, for the two animals involved (bird and its prey), the momentum of both animals is conserved.
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Part 1
1. Consider the potential energy diagram shown below. This graph shows the chemical potential energy in a reaction system over time. The y–axis is potential energy in kilojoules. The x–axis is the reaction progress, or time.
a. Does this graph represent an endothermic or an exothermic reaction? Explain your answer.
b. What is the enthalpy change, ΔH, for this reaction? Show your work.
c. What is the activation energy, Ea, for this reaction? Show your work.
Part 2
2. In a particular chemical reaction, the energy of the reactants is 30 kJ and the energy of the products is 5 kJ. The maximum energy of the system is 40 kJ. Use this information to answer questions a – d.
a. Sketch a potential energy diagram for this reaction. Make sure to label the energy of the reactants, the energy of the products, the activation energy, and the enthalpy change for the reaction. (Note: You may use the graph provided below or sketch your own. Resize as needed.)
b. What is the activation energy for this reaction?
c. What is the enthalpy change for this reaction?
d. Is this reaction endothermic or exothermic? Explain your answer in two ways: first, using the energy values, and second, by referring to the shape of the graph.
Part 3
3. The coating on the head of a match is highly flammable. When it burns, it releases a great deal of energy. However, before the match can burn, it must gain a small amount of energy from a spark. That spark is typically produced by striking (rubbing) the match head against a rough surface.
a. Sketch a potential energy diagram that represents the striking and burning of the match. Remember to label the diagram with the energy changes that occur. (Note: you do not have to use actual energy values. And you may use the graph provided below or sketch your own.)
b. Describe a potential energy diagram that represents the striking and burning of the match.
1a) Energy is absorbed, and the reaction is endothermic.
1b) The products have higher potential energy, the enthalpy change is positive, indicating an endothermic reaction.
1c) The peak of the potential energy diagram.
2a) The activation energy labeled as the difference between the reactants and the peak
2b) The activation energy can be determined by calculating the difference between the reactants.
2c) The enthalpy change can be calculated by finding the difference between the energy of the reactants and the energy of the products.
2d) The reaction is exothermic. In terms of the graph's shape.
3a) A decrease in potential energy as the products form.
3b)This indicates that a small amount of energy from the spark is needed to overcome the activation energy barrier
Part 1:
1a. To determine if the reaction is endothermic or exothermic, we need to analyze the potential energy diagram. If the products have lower potential energy than the reactants, it indicates that energy is released, and the reaction is exothermic. Conversely, if the products have higher potential energy than the reactants, it suggests that energy is absorbed, and the reaction is endothermic.
1b. The enthalpy change (ΔH) for the reaction can be calculated by comparing the potential energy of the products and the reactants. If the products have lower potential energy, the enthalpy change is negative, indicating an exothermic reaction. If the products have higher potential energy, the enthalpy change is positive, indicating an endothermic reaction.
1c. The activation energy (Ea) can be determined by examining the energy difference between the reactants' potential energy and the peak of the potential energy diagram.
Part 2:
2a. Since the energy of the reactants is 30 kJ, the energy of the products is 5 kJ, and the maximum energy of the system is 40 kJ, we can sketch a potential energy diagram with the reactants at 30 kJ, the products at 5 kJ, the activation energy labeled as the difference between the reactants and the peak, and the enthalpy change as the difference between the reactants and products.
2b. The activation energy can be determined by calculating the difference between the reactants' energy and the peak of the potential energy diagram.
2c. The enthalpy change can be calculated by finding the difference between the energy of the reactants and the energy of the products.
2d. Based on the energy values, if the energy of the products is lower than the energy of the reactants, the reaction is exothermic. In terms of the graph's shape, if the potential energy decreases from reactants to products, it indicates an exothermic reaction.
Part 3:
3a. The potential energy diagram for the striking and burning of a match can be sketched to show the initial potential energy of the reactants, a peak representing the activation energy, and a decrease in potential energy as the products form.
3b. The potential energy diagram would show an initial higher potential energy for the reactants, a peak representing the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, and a decrease in potential energy as the products form. This indicates that a small amount of energy from the spark is needed to overcome the activation energy barrier, leading to the release of a greater amount of energy during the burning process.
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A milliammeter whose resistance is 120 ohm has full scale deflection with a current of 5mA. How will you use it to measure a maximum current of 100 A
Answer:
If 99.995 A pass thru a shunt and 5 mA pass thru the meter, the meter will have full scale deflection for a current of 100 A.
By Ohm's Law
99.995 Rs = .005 Rm
Rs = .005 / 99.995 * 120
Rs = .006 ohms
Using a shunt resistance of .006 Ω will produce the required result.
The value of the shunt resistor should be very low to divert most of the current, use a shunt resistor with a value of 0.0012 ohms.
The value of the shunt resistor (Rs) is:
Rs = (Rm × Im) ÷ (If - Im)
where:
Rs = Shunt resistor value
Rm = Resistance of the milliammeter
Im = Full-scale current of the milliammeter
If = Maximum current we want to measure
The shunt resistor value:
Rs = (120 × 5 ) ÷ (100 - 5)
Rs = (0.12 ) ÷ (100 - 0.005)
Rs = 0.12 ÷ 99.995
Rs = 0.00120018 ohms
Since the value of the shunt resistor should be very low to divert most of the current, use a shunt resistor with a value of 0.0012 ohms.
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A 50 kg crate slides down a 5.0 m loading ramp that is inclined at an angle of 25 to the horizontal. A worker pushes on the crate parallel to the surface of the ramp so that the crate slides down with a constant velocity. If the coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the ramp is 0.33, how much work is done by (a) the worker
Answer:
The magnitude of the work done by the worker is 303 J.
Explanation:
The work done by the worker can be found as follows:
\( W = |F|\cdot |d| cos(\alpha) \)
Where:
F: is the force applied by the worker
d: is the displacement = 5.0 m
α: is the angle between the force applied and the displacement = 180°
We need to find the force applied by the worker:
\(\Sigma F = ma\)
Taking as positive the movement direction of the crate we have:
\( -F - F_{\mu} + P_{x} = 0 \)
Where:
m: is the crate's mass
a: is the acceleration = 0 (It is moving at constant speed)
F: is the force applied by the worker
Pₓ: is the weight in the horizontal direction
\(F_{\mu}\): is the frictional force
Hence, the force applied by the worker is:
\(F = P_{x} - F_{\mu} = mgsin(\theta) - \mu mgcos(\theta)\)
\( F = 50 kg*9.81 m/s^{2}*(sin(25) - 0.33cos(25)) = 60.6 N \)
Then, the work done by the worker is:
\( W = |F|\cdot |d| cos(\alpha) = 60.6 N*5.0 m*cos(180) = -303 J \)
Therefore, the magnitude of the work done by the worker is 303 J.
I hope it helps you!
The work is done by the worker will be 303 J. Work done is described as the multiplication of applied force and the amount of displacement.
What is work done?Work done is defined as the product of applied force and the distance through which the body is displaced on which the force is applied.
Work may be zero, positive and negative.it depends on the direction of the body displaced. if the body is displaced in the same direction of the force it will be positive.
The given data in the problem is;
F is the force applied by the worker
d is the displacement = 5.0 m
α is the angle between the force applied and the displacement = 180°
m is the crate's mass= 50 kg
a is the acceleration = 0
Pₓ: is the weight in the horizontal direction
The net force on the crate is found as;
\(\rm F_{net}= P_X - F_{\mu} \\\\ \rm F_{net}= mg sin \theta - \mu mg cos \theta \\\\ \rm F_{net}=50 \times \times 9.81 (sin 25^0 -0.33 cos(25) \\\\ \rm F_{net}= 60.6 N \\\\\)
The work done by the worker will be;
\(\rm W= Fd cos \alpha \\\\ \rm W= 60.6 \times 5.0 cos 180^0 \\\\\rm W=-303 \ J\)
Hence the work is done by the worker will be 303 J.
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a wall, a 55.6 kg painter is standing on a 3.15 m long homogeneous board that is resting on two saw horses. The board’s mass is 14.5 kg. The saw horse on the right is 1.00 m from the right. How far away can the painter walk from the saw horse on the right until the board begins to tip?
Answer:
0.15 m
Explanation:
First calculating the center of mass from the saw horse
\(\frac{3.15}{2} -1=0.575 m\)
from the free body diagram we can write
Taking moment about the saw horse
55.9×9.81×y=14.5×0.575×9.81
y= 0.15 m
So, the painter walk from the saw horse on the right until the board begins to tip is 0.15 m far.
A punter wants to kick a football so that the football has a total flight time of 4.70s and lands 57.0m away (measured along the ground). Neglect drag and the initial height of the football.
- How long does the football need to rise?
- What height will the football reach?
- With what speed does the punter need to kick the football? (vertical component, horizontal component, and vector magnitude)
- At what angle (θ), with the horizontal, does the punter need to kick the football?
The projectile launch relations allow finding the results for the different questions are:
1. Rise time is 2.35 s
2. The maximum height is 27 m
3. The initial velocity is 26 m / s
4. The launch angle is 62.3º
The launch of projectiles is an application of kinematics to the movement of objects near the earth's surface, in this case there is no acceleration on the x-axis and the acceleration is the gravity acceleration on the y-axis.
In the attachment we have a movement diagram of the football ball
1. As the acceleration is constant, the time it takes the body to go up is equal to the time it takes to go down, therefore, as the total time affects, the time it takes to go up is half.
\(t_u =\frac{t_{total} }{ 2}\)
t_u = 4.70 / 2
t_u = 2.35 s
2. How high does the ball reach?
At the point of maximum height the vertical velocity is zero
\(v_y = v_{oy} - g t\\0= v_{oy} - gt\\v_{oy} = gt\)
\(v_{oy}\) = 9.8 2.35
\(v_{oy}\) = 23 m / s
Now we can use the equation.
\(v_y^2 = v_{oy}^2 - 2 g y\\0 = v_{oy}^2 - 2 g y\\\\y = \frac{v_{oy}^2}{2g}\)
y = \(\frac{23^2}{2 \ 9.8}\)
y = 27 m
2. What is the initial velocity?
The initial vertical velocity is 23 m / s
We look for the horizontal speed.
\(v_x = \frac{x}{t}\)
They indicate the throw range is 57 m in the time of 4.70 s
vₓ = 57.0 / 4.70
vₓ = 12.1 m / s
To calculate the magnitude we use the Pythagorean Theorem
v₀ = \(\sqrt{v_{ox}^2 + v_{oy}^2}\)
v₀ = \(\sqrt{12.1^2 + 23^2}\)
v₀ = 26 m / s
3. The launch angle
Let's use trigonometry
tan θ = \(\frac{v_{oy}}{v_{ox}}\)
θ = tan⁻¹ \(\frac{v_{oy}}{ v_{ox}}\)
θ = tan⁻¹ \(\frac{23}{12.1}\)
θ = 62.3º
In conclusion, using the projectile launch relatios we can find the results for the different questions are:
1. The rise time is 2.35 s
2. The maximum height is 27 m
3. The initial velocity is 26 m / s
4. The launch angle is 62.3º
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Question 16. The girl in the picture is using an ore to push the water backwards. At the same time the canoe is moving forward within the same amount of force. Which of Newton’s Laws would explain why for every action there is an opposition and equal reaction?
Question 62. Label the following image correctly?
The girl in the picture is using an ore to push the water backwards. At the same time the canoe is moving forward with the same amount of force. Newton's Third Law would explain why for every action there is an opposite and equal reaction. Hence correct option A, (Newton's Third Law.)
Every action has an equal and opposite response, according to Newton's Third Law of Motion. In the example, the girl applies an action force to the water when she pushes it backward with the ore. Newton's Third Law states that the girl and the canoe are both subject to an equal and opposite reaction force from the water.
The girl and the canoe thus encounter a backward reaction force from the water, which causes the canoe to advance. The action force is what the girl with the ore is doing, and the reaction force is what the water is doing to the girl and the canoe. The Third Law of Newton applies to this occurrence.
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What is the average speed in mph for a car that travels for 5 hours and 20 minutes?
Answer: If you meant 5 miles in 20 minutes than it’s 1 mile in 5 minutes
Explanation:
The car's average speed is
0.1875 • (the number of miles it covered)