a water flow rate below______ gpm may facilitate bacterial growth in an infrequently used hot water line.

Answers

Answer 1

A water flow rate below 1.5  gpm may facilitate bacterial growth in an infrequently used hot water line.

Binary fission, a process that causes bacteria to divide into two daughter cells, is the basis of bacterial growth. The daughter cells that result are genetically identical to the original cell, assuming no event takes place. As a result, germs start to proliferate. Not often do the two daughter cells from the division live. However, the bacterial population experiences exponential growth if the average number of survivors exceeds unity.

The basic method requires bacterial enumeration (cell counting) by direct and individual (microscopic, flow cytometry, direct and bulk (biomass), indirect and individual (colony counting), or indirect and bulk (most probable number, turbidity, nutrient uptake) methods. This measurement of an exponential bacterial growth curve in batch culture was traditionally a part of the training of all microbiologists. Models bring theory and measurements into harmony.

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Related Questions

An isotonic cell is always surrounded by an adjacent solution that is__________?

Answers

Answer:

Cytosol

Explanation:

Hope this helps :)

How are all animals like as heterotrophs?
All animals have multiple cells.
All animals are made up of cells organized into tissues.
All animals have two copies of each chromosome.
All animals need food to survive.

Answers

Answer:

All animals need food to survive.

Explanation:

30 POINTS & BRAINLIEST!!

A person's blood tests show that her blood is accumulating old and damaged red blood cells. Which organ could be damaged, based on the image above? (2 points)


A

B

C

D

30 POINTS & BRAINLIEST!!A person's blood tests show that her blood is accumulating old and damaged

Answers

Based on the image above, the organ that could be damaged is the SPLEEN which is represented by option C.

The spleen is an abdominal organ which has its major function as to filter the blood. It is also the largest lymphatic organ of the body.

The spleen filters the blood through the following mechanism

blood passes through the slpenic pulp and enters the sinuses where it undergoes squeezing, old and damaged red blood cells  can not withstand the trauma are destroyed. after the cells rupture, the released hemoglobin are further digested and the products reused by the body as nutrients and for making new blood.

Therefore if this organ is damaged, old and damaged red blood cells will accumulate in the body. Therefore the correct option is C.

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Which of these absorbs the
light energy to start the light
reactions?
A. Photosystem I
B. Electron Transport Chain
C. Photosystem II

Answers

the answer is

C.) Photosystem ll

Why are bacteria such as Rhizobium and cyanobacteria so important in the
nitrogen cycle?
A. They return nitrogen gas to air
B. They fix atmospheric nitrogen gas for the food chain
C. They decompose dead plants and animals
D. They build protein in plants

Answers

Answer:A. They return nitrogen gas to air

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answer is B

Explanation:

Got it correct on GAVS..

A solution that has a low concentration of H+ Ions is consider basic 7?

Answers

An acid is a substance that

Do you think the unofficial titles of some eras (i.e., Age of Fishes, Age of Reptiles,
Age of Mammals) are informative or an oversimplification? Explain your reasoning.
with alternative unofficial titles based on what you have learned about
Come up
each era

Answers

The unofficial titles of some eras such as Age of Fishes, Age of Reptiles and Age of Mammals are really informative and they are not oversimplifications because these periods reflect the emergence of different taxonomic groups in the course of evolution.

What are animal eras?

The animal eras are periods during the geological time in which certain groups of animals appeared in the course of evolution, which results informative to determine how evolution (change) occurred due to natural selection.

For example, mammals emerged as a taxonomic group during the Cenozoic Era, which occurred approximately 65 million years ago and this period is known as the Age of mammals.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that an animal era is not only an oversimplified term because it also involves the emergence of certain taxonomic groups during the evolution and can serve to contextualize geological periods in a biological framework.

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I give you brilliant

I give you brilliant

Answers

Answer:

Adenine and Guanine

Explanation:

These two bases are included in the 4 types of nitrogenous bases. Which are the two purine bases (which are Adenine and Guanine)

Salmah suspects that she has been given a forged cheque. How can
the forgery be identified using one of the scientific processes?

Answers

Answer:

Paper Chromatography

Investigators use paper chromatography to distinguish the different brands of ink pens used by the suspects and compare it to the forged cheque.

What chambers contain the highest concentration of carbon dioxide?

What chambers contain the highest concentration of carbon dioxide?

Answers

Deoxygenated blood with high concentrations of carbon dioxide gets to the right atrium, from where it moves toward the right ventricle. Finally, from there, it moves to the lungs. So chambers 1 and 2 contain the highest concentration of carbon dioxide. Option A)

How does the heart's chamber circulatory system occur?

Deoxygenated blood returns from the body tissues through the superior cava vein (SCV) or inferior cava vein (IVC).

This blood enters the heart's right atrium (RA), which is the right superior cavity.

Once in the right atrium, blood flows to the right ventricle (RV), which is the right inferior cavity.

From the right ventricle, the heart pumps blood into the principal pulmonary artery (PPA), and from there, blood goes to the lungs, where gas interchange is produced.

Oxygenated blood goes to the heart's left atrium (LA), which is the superior left cavity.

From there, blood flows to the left ventricle (LV), which is the left inferior cavity.

Finally, oxygenated blood goes from this last ventricle to the rest of the body tissues through the aorta (A).

Note: usually, oxygenated blood is represented in red, while deoxygenated blood is represented in blue.

Now, in the image,

Chamber 1 is the right atriumChamber 2 is the right ventricleChamber 3 is the right atriumChamber 4 is the right ventricle

So chambers 1 and 2 contain the highest concentration of carbon dioxide.

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Red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive disorder. A woman with normal vision whose father was colorblind has children with a man with normal color vision. What is the probability that their first child will be colorblind?

Answers

Answer:

The probability of their first child being colourblind is 1/4

Explanation:

Red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive disorder.

A woman with normal vision whose father was colorblind has children with a man with normal color vision.

In an X-linked condition, the males only need to get one copy of the affected allele to have the condition and this copy is also inherited by a female offspring.

So in this case, the woman receives the affected recessive allele copy from her dad but since she still has normal vision, she received the normal copy from her mom so she is heterozygote for the trait.

The woman with normal color (XRXr) has a father who is color blind (XrY) has children with a normal man (XRY)

The cross would be

XRXr x XRY

XR Xr

XR XRXR XRXr

Y XRY XrY

Probably of having an affected child is 1/4. Thus, the probability of their first child being colourblind is 1/4

Plsss help me this due is tonight plsss

Plsss help me this due is tonight plsss

Answers

Explanation:

whatever the trait is, I'm just going to use tall as an example

1. phenotype=

Tall: Short

4:0

2.phenotype=

Tall: Short

4:0

3.phenotype=

Tall: Short

4:0

4.phenotype=

Tall: Short

3:1

5.phenotype=

Tall: Short

2:2

Plsss help me this due is tonight plsss
Plsss help me this due is tonight plsss

Which of the following would be true when comparing plants in the desert and rainforest?
A. Plants in the desert would have an increased number of stomata compared to rainforest plants.
B. Plants in the desert would have a decreased number of stomata compared to rainforest plants.
C. Plants in the desert would have an increased number of mitochondria compared to rainforest plants.
D. Plants in the desert would have a decreased number of stomata compared to rainforest plants.

Answers

Answer:

B. Plants in the desert would have a decreased number of stomata compared to rainforest plants.

7. Where are subduction zones likely to form?

Answers

Answer:

Subduction zones are likely to form between converging oceanic and continental plates.

:/

euglena cell membrane help keep the cell alive how

Answers

Euglena are unicellular organisms classified into the Kingdom Protista, and the Phylum Euglenophyta. All euglena have chloroplasts and can make their own food by photosynthesis. They are not completely autotrophic though, euglena can also absorb food from their environment; euglena usually live in quiet ponds or puddles.

Euglena move by a flagellum (plural ‚ flagella), which is a long whip-like structure that acts like a little motor. The flagellum is located on the anterior (front) end, and twirls in such a way as to pull the cell through the water. It is attached at an inward pocket called the reservoir. Color the reservoir grey and the flagellum black.

The Euglena is unique in that it is both heterotrophic (must consume food) and autotrophic (can make its own food). Chloroplasts within the euglena trap sunlight that is used for photosynthesis, and can be seen as several rod like structures throughout the cell. Color the chloroplasts green. Euglena also have an eyespot at the anterior end that detects light, it can be seen near the reservoir. This helps the euglena find bright areas to gather sunlight to make their food. Color the eyespot red.Euglena can also gain nutrients by absorbing them across their cell membrane, hence they become heterotrophic when light is not available, and they cannot photosynthesize.

The euglena has a stiff pellicle outside the cell membrane that helps it keep its shape, though the pellicle is somewhat flexible and some euglena can be observed scrunching up and moving in an inchworm type fashion. Color the pellicle blue.

In the center of the cell is the nucleus, which contains the cell's DNA and controls the cell's activities. The nucleolus can be seen within the nucleus. Color the nucleus purple, and the nucleolus pink.

The interior of the cell contains a jelly-like fluid substance called cytoplasm. Color the cytoplasm light yellow. Toward the posterior of the cell is a star-like structure: the contractile vacuole. This organelle helps the cell remove excess water, and without it the euglena could take in some much water due to osmosis that the cell would explode. Color the contractile vacuole orange.

Explanation:

Answer:

im pretty sure the cell membrane just protects the Euglena as a whole and the rest of the cells inside it.

Explanation:

The man is not color blind, but his wife is. They already have one daughter that is color blind and want to know the probability of future children having the disorder. First, you will need to explain to the couple the difference between sex chromosomes and autosomal chromosomes and that color blindness is caused by a recessive mutation in a gene found on the X chromosome. Once they understand this, you can then explain to them the probability of other offspring having the disorder. What is the dilemma in this case and why might you need to suggest to the couple that they see a marriage counselor?

Answers

Answer:

It’s not likely to have a color blind daughter from a normal father and with a color blind mother. In order to obtain this disease in females, both parents have to pass one color blind allele or gene along with an X chromosome, but the father in this scenario is not colorblind, so the color blind daughter probably is not a child of theirs.

Hope this helps!!! :)

Which two examples describe discrete quantitative data?
A. The numbers of male and female hagfish in an area
B. The quantities of eggs laid by individual rattlesnakes each year
C. The shapes and colors of pea plant flowers
D. The change in the length of a vine over time

Answers

The two examples that describe discrete quantitative data include A. The numbers of male and female hagfish in an area and B. The quantities of eggs laid by individual rattlesnakes each year.

What are discrete quantitative research data?

The expression discrete quantitative data make reference to information in the form of numeric values that do not contain decimals but are expressed in a continuous series.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that discrete quantitative research data do not contain decimals and can not be defined as intervals in a set of data.

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Wanda tells Maury that she thinks either Ralph or Fred could be the father of her baby. Wanda's genotype is Ai. Wanda's baby has type O blood. Ralph's genotype is AB. Fred's genotype is Bi. Complete 2 crosses to show who could be the father.

Answers

The father of the Child is Fred

Can a blood group test determine paternity?

Blood group testing can provide some information about paternity, but it cannot definitively prove paternity. Blood type testing can only suggest possibilities in this regard; it cannot prove with certainty if a guy is or is not the biological father of a kid.

Blood group testing can determine a person's blood type based on the presence or absence of particular proteins on the surface of red blood cells as shown in the image.

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Wanda tells Maury that she thinks either Ralph or Fred could be the father of her baby. Wanda's genotype

What is directly responsible for matter moving and changing in an animal's
body?
A. Water
B. Sun
C. Energy
D. Fuel

Answers

C. Energy, is the matter responsible
C. Energy - the source required by every living to move

The phopholipid head is

Answers

A single phospholipid molecule has a phosphate group on one end, called the “head,” and two side-by-side chains of fatty acids that make up the lipid “tails. ” The phosphate group is negatively charged, making the head polar and hydrophilic, or “water loving.” The phosphate heads are thus attracted to the water

Answer:

the first one is correct

Explanation:

...

Please help I don’t know the answer to this question.

Please help I dont know the answer to this question.

Answers

the answer for you question is C

What advantage does wind and solar have over coal and oil?

Answers

Hi there! The answer and explanation are below.

The advantage that wind and solar technology have over coal and oil is that they save the environment and require less money. Wind energy and solar energy is naturally generated. But, coal and oil needs workers and processing in factories. The gases these factories releass are toxic to the environment.

how does ATP supply energy for cellular activities?

Answers

Answer:   ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) supplies energy for cellular activities when one of its phosphate bonds is broken.

Which of the following is NOT an organ system of the human body?

A. Epidermal
B. Respiratory
C. Digestive
D. Urinary

Answers

C, D, B are all part of the organ system however option A (epidermal) is NOT

Elena is making a grape drink

Answers

i’m not sure what your telling us lol , buh grape is good :)

Que es la conducción en ciencias?

Answers

si hay conducta beacuse there is life and life is science

How do limiting factors determine the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?Why is sod valuable? a. loses fertility c. prevents soil erosion b. loses topsoil d. causes soil erosion

Answers

Limiting factors affect the carrying capacity by limiting available resources and regulating population sizes. Sod is valuable because it prevents soil erosion. Option C.

How limiting factors affect the carrying capacity?

The carrying capacity is the capability of the environment to support a growing population. It might be affected by different factors, known as limiting factors.

Limiting factors might depend on population density or be density-independent.

Density-dependent factors → depend on the population size → intra- and interspecific competition or predation.

These factors are related to the interaction between populations and species. They might compete for resources (in which case resources become limited, affecting population sizes) or might establish a predator-prey relationship (in which case, predators and prey depend on each other and regulate their population size).

Density-independent factors → do not depend on the population size → Human impact or natural disasters (fires, volcanic eruptions, flooding).

Density-independent factors cause damage to the ecosystems, reducing the available resources such as food, water, or shelter and consequently decreasing the number of individuals. These factors reduce the carrying capacity of the environment.

In both cases, limiting factors regulate population size.

What is erosion?

Erosion is the fertile soil loss process that leads to its degradation. It is due to several external agents that damage the ground and drag the exposed material from the superficial layers.

All the erosive agents act together, altering the soil composition, shape, and structure.

Some erosive agents are water, wind, ice, gravity, and animal trampling.

The loss of natural plant cover aggravates the erosive effects since no plants are protecting the soil.

Soil plant cover reduces erosion because the aerial part of the plant protects the surface, while roots protect the ground structure and absorb water.

Several grass species develop large roots to establish themselves on the ground. This characteristic helps to reduce erosion and to keep soil humidity.

In conclusion,

Limiting factors regulate population size.Plant cover avoids erosion. So, the correct option is C. Sod is valuable because it prevents soil erosion.

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Difference between Addictive and Medicinal Drugs​

Answers

Answer:

In pharmacy drug are also called medicine and are used for bringing or sustaining well-being of a person either by curing, preventions like prophylaxis, diagnosis like barium meal, elevating pains like analgesics and placebo too. A drug may or may not be helpful like in the case of illicit drugs. Pharmaceutically all medicines are drugs. But clinically not all drugs are medicines. Drugs, most of which would be medications that are illegal to produce, own use or sell. Drug is the main chemical component in a medicine. That is why a placebo can not be a drug. When a drug is mixed with other pharmaceutical ingredients, medicine is obtained as a final product.

Answer Nicole Schramm- Sapyta : A habit is something we do out of convenience. We do it without thinking, and it makes things easier for us, or else we enjoy it. An addiction is something that we do over and over again, despite causing harm to our lives and the A medication is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. Drug therapy is an important part of the medical field and relies on the science of pharmacology for continual advancement and on pharmacy for appropriate management. Drugs are classified in multiple ways

Which best disscribes an astroid

Answers

Answer:

Asteroids are rocky and metallic objects that orbit the Sun but are too small to be considered planets. 

WILL MARK BRAINLIEST WORTH 20 POINTS

Which of the following limit cell size? Select all of the answers that apply.
A. ratio of surface area to volume
B. rate of moving materials across the cell's membrane
C. efficiency of using the information in a cell's DNA
D. efficiency of DNA replication and cell division

Answers

Answer:

Okrtyuiop[poiuytfdfghjkl;lkjhgfcvbnm,

Explanation:

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LILIANA: _____ que conoces a Jos Luis?What goes in the blank? What is the slope of the graph y =29x-7 The political situation in western Europe during much of the Medieval Era can be best described as which of the following?Group of answer choicesA. largely peaceful with the Pope providing stable rule after the collapse of the Roman EmpireB. divided into a few large nation-states with strong kingsC. united for centuries due to the threat of the VikingsD. chaotic as church leaders, lords, and kings competed for power An employee compiled sales data for a company once each month. The scatter plot below shows the sales (in multiples of $1000) for the company over time (in months). The equation represents the linear model for this data. Y = 0. 94x 12. 5 According to the model, what will the company's sales be after 40 months? Enter your answer in the box. What is the kkk please explain You have 984 grams of a radioactive kind of xenon. If its half-life is 9 hours, how much will be left after 18 hours? Mary, who is licensed as an agent in State A, got a promotion and will turn her clients over to Julie, who is licensed only in State B. Before Julie can take over the accounts, she must A) register with State A B) receive permission from each of those clients C) register with FINRA D) register with the NYSE The following information was reported in the December 31, 2012, financial statements of Southeast Airlines, Inc. (listed alphabetically, amounts in millions) Accounts Payable 4,460 Accounts Receivable 620 Aircraft Fuel Expense 9,100Cash 3,010 Common Stock 1,240 Dividends 40 Equipment 14,850Income Tax Expense 230Interest Expense 170Landing Fees Expense 3,500 Notes Payable 6,970 Repairs and Maintenance Expense 1,600Retained Earnings (as of December 31, 2012) 6,510 Salaries and Wages 3,340 Expense Supplies 7000 Ticket Revenues 19,100 Prepare a balance sheet at December 31, 2012. (Enter your answers in millions (i.e., 10,000,000 should be entered as 10.) Task oriented people value promptness and like to do things in a linear fashion. they fall into the ________________ category. How would you define literary journalism? Why did it emerge in such an intense way in the 1960s? An increase in sodium permeability through the membrane would cause the membrane potential to change in what manner? Some mammals help maintain their body temperature by sweating when their bodies rise in temperature. Which property of water is responsible for the ability of sweat, which is mostly water, to help lower body temperature? Water absorbs heat by breaking hydrogen bonds. Water changes in density when it changes from a gas to a liquid. Water's ability to dissolve solutes, such as salt Water's ability to form hydrogen bonds with skin cells Find the product. Write your answer in standard form.(3b + 3) (3b-2) Word bank:AdeptEncompassEntrepreneur EradicateHomogeneous Presumptuous SordidStandardize StintStringent A radioactive isotope initially has an activity of 400,000 Bq.Two days after the sample is collected,its activity is observed to be 170,000 Bq.What is the half-life of this isotope Why was the 7 Years War started? A _________ is a graphical representation of association between variables. (PLEASE HELP! NO SPAM!) On the following triangle, sin=15/17. What is cos? whats the difference between marginal physical product (MPP) andthe marginal rate of subsitution (MRS)? Factor x3 4x2 + 7x 28 by grouping. What is the resulting expression? (x2 4)(x + 7) (x2 + 4)(x 7) (x2 7)(x + 4) (x2 + 7)(x 4)