Calculate the membrane potential of a neuron at standard temperature under each of the following conditions:
a. The concentration of sodium, potassium and chloride is the same on both the inside and the outside of the membrane.
b. The concentration of ions inside and outside the cell are as given below, but the relative permeability is the same for the three ions.
c. The concentration of ions inside and outside the cell are as given below, but the relative permeability of K is 100 times greater than that of Na+ and Cl-.
[Na+]o=150mM; [Na+]i=15mM;
[K+]o=5mM; [k+]i=100mM;
[Cl−]o=150mM; [????????−]i=13mM;

They would all have one cell with smaller parts that do different jobs within the cell.

Answer:

Which item breaks down the fastest?

Will the items break down faster if heat is added?

Will enclosing the items in an airtight bag affect the rate of decay?

Answer: a,c,d

Explanation:

edge

Answer:

Stratosphere

Explanation:

Stratosphere extends between 10km and 50km from above the earth.

Answer:

C.

Explanation: can form many different types of structures and it's stable

Explanation:

C ...................

Answer:

Yes, heidelbergensis species had a larger cranial capacity than humans.

Explanation:

Unraveling past climate changes is important because it helps us to understand the causes and consequences of climate change.

Climate change refers to the long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns. These may be natural or man-made changes.

Some examples of climate changes include sea level rise, rapid loss of ice mass loss in Greenland, Antarctica, and the Arctic, changes in floral and plant blossoming, and extreme weather occurrences.

Some methods by which past climate changes can be detected include:

Learn more about climate change at: https://brainly.com/question/1789619

#SPJ1

Complete question:

Explain why unraveling past climate changes is important and discuss several ways in which such changes are detected.

Answer:

b) It interferes with the movements of the fatty acid tails of the phospholipids.

Explanation:

Cholesterol has many important functions, including its role in membrane permeability, especially the cell membrane, and its role in metabolism. Cholesterol reduces the permeability of lipid membranes. ... Cholesterol helps to restrict the passage of molecules by increasing the packing of phospholipids. Steroid molecule that makes membranes more fluid at low temps and more ordered at high temps.

- Flat, rigid, carbon rings interfere with the movement of phospholipids.

- Smaller and less amphipathic lipid that is only found in animals.

- Sandwiched between fatty acid tails of phospholipids.

Answer:

Correct answer is "non specific defenses"

Answer:

non specific

Explanation:

When the body is attacked by a foreign substance, the non specific defenses are the first to react.

It is best to choose option C. The heart is a powerful muscle about the size of your hand. It provides your body with oxygen and nutrient-rich blood every second. With each beat, your heart sends blood through your circulatory system.

Your body receives blood that is rich in oxygen and nutrients when your heart beats. Blood circulates through a network of vessels called the circulatory system. When blood returns to the heart, it travels to the lungs to take in oxygen. The cycle then repeats as your heart distributes the blood to the rest of your body.

Blood is necessary for life. The other tissues in your body obtain oxygen and nutrients through the blood from your heart. Furthermore, it removes waste products like carbon dioxide from your tissues.

As a result, Option C is the preferred order. Your body receives blood that is nutrient- and oxygen-rich from your heart.

LEARN MORE ABOUT THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM HERE:

https://brainly.com/question/10103458

#SPJ1

Answer:

symbiosis.

Explanation:

The term that you are referring to is symbiosis. (a symbiotic relationship)

Symbiosis is a proximate and often long-term interaction between two or more different biological species.

Answer:

Check out the link below and mark it as Brainliest if this helps you!!! Good Luck!!! ✌

Answer: synthesizing of complex molecules

Explanation:

During the synthesizing of complex substances (catabolism) energy is given off to the body to generate heat within the body

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration are the two different types of cellular respiration processes that are used to produce ATP.

For more questions on adenosine triphosphate

https://brainly.com/question/897553

#SPJ8

Answer:

Water, Sand, Rock

Explanation:

Answer:

Tropical rain forest, temperate woodlands, temperate forest.

Explanation:

Charles Darwin collected plants and animal specimens for the study of their distinct pattern of biodiversity. Darwin visited three biomes namely temperate forest, tropical rainforest, and temperate grassland.

What are biomes?

A biome is a biogeographical unit which is consist of a biological community formed in response to a shared regional climate.

Biomes may be spread over more than one continent. Biome is a term for habitat which can be comprised of a variety of habitats.

During the voyage, Darwin visited three biomes namely temperate forest, tropical rainforest, and temperate grassland for the study of biodiversity of plants and animals.

Thus, it can be concluded that temperate forests, tropical rainforest, and temperate grassland are the three different biomes that Darwin visited on his voyage.

For more details regarding biomes, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/11491362

#SPJ2

Producers are found at the first level of every food chain. They are considered as autotrophs that can undergo photosynthesis. This level is also called as trophic level 1. They are the primary producers occupied by pants and algae.

The second level of the food chain eat the producers. They are called as the primary consumers. the third level of the food chain are the secondary consumers. They

Answer:

First

Because if the sun is not included , the are still some producers that don't use the sun

The following data are necessary to calculate population growth is the birth rate and the death rate.

A population grows when there are more births than deaths, and also when there is a greater flow of immigration than emigration of people. Population growth refers to the increase in the number of individuals in a specific population.

In this case, population growth is the direct relationship between people who were born and who died, the population grows when the number of individuals being born is greater than the number of deaths and when the opposite occurs, growth declines.

See more about population growth at brainly.com/question/18415071

#SPJ1

Answer:

carrying capacity, birth rate, death rate

Explanation:

I took the quiz.

Answer:

27

Explanation:

s = 1 unit cells would fit into an s = 3 unit cell? 27 s=1 unit cells fit into an s=3 unit cell.

Total number of cell is 27, s = 1 unit cells would fit into an s = 3 unit cell.

Cell is defined as the base of life as it is the structural as well as functional unit of life. Cell is made up of pre existing cells and the cell contain various cell organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, golgi appratus, nucleus, and cytoplasm.

Basically, cell is of two type one in prokaryotic and another one is eukaryotic. The prokaryotic cell is known as pre mature cells as they do not contain cell organelles and eukaryotic cell are known as advanced and developed cells as they contain several cell organelles.

The unicellular animals are made up of single cell and all the functions carried out in a single cell like amoeba and multicellular organisms are made up of multiple cells and there is specific cell for specific functions.

Therefore,Total number of cell is 27, s = 1 unit cells would fit into an s = 3 unit cell.

Learn more about cell here:

https://brainly.com/question/3142913

#SPJ2

Answer:

The statement is false. Unicellular Organisms also respire.

Explanation: Respiration is the process by which an organism intales Oxygen and releases Carbon Dioxide along with energy in the form of ATP(Adenosine TriPhosphate). It is necessary for every organism. Hence Unicellular Organisms ALSO RESPIRE

The brain and spinal cord are part of the central nervous system.

The electrical charges that act as nervous signals are called action potentials or nerve impulses.

Jellyfish do not have a brain. Instead, their nervous system is called a nerve net.

After nervous systems began to develop in bilaterally symmetric animals, some developed ventral nerve cords, while chordates developed dorsal nerve cords.

Skeletons that allow for movement by using muscles and squeezing liquid to change the body shape are called hydrostatic skeletons.

Exoskeletons do not grow with arthropods, and so occasionally must be shed and regrown from chitin.

Muscles move endo- and exoskeletons by contracting and relaxing.

Fertilization is the joining of two gametes called sperm and egg.

A fish that lays her eggs in a cluster is initiating cluster or mass fertilization.

Amniotic eggs are an adaptation by reptiles to allow for reproduction and embryo development on land.

Describe three different strategies used by three different animals to thermoregulate.

If you see a snake coiled up in a sunny patch of grass, what can you probably conclude about the type of thermoregulator it is. Why?

If you see a snake coiled up in a sunny patch of grass, you can probably conclude that the snake is an ectotherm. Ectotherms rely on external heat sources, such as the sun, to regulate their body temperature. By basking in the sun, the snake absorbs heat, which helps raise its body temperature to a suitable level for proper physiological functioning.

Answer:

1. central

2. action potential

3. nerve net

4. dorsal

5. hydrostatic

6. Exoskeletons

7. contraction/contracting

8. Fertilization

9. external fertilization

10. Eggs

11. Animals with fur thermoregulate by panting. Winged birds will flap against their mouths/heads to dissipate heat. Humans will produce sweat to evaporatively cool. Polar bears have developed blubber. Bears drop body temperatures during hibernation.

12. Seeing a snake using the warmth of the sun leads us to conclude that it is likely a thermo conformer that cannot produce its own body heat.

Answer:

from view,I will go with yes because it depends on the food he eats whether it is balanced or not. for example,if he eats only vitamin foods and carbohydrates there won't be enough energy for him go pass the day.

Yes, there is probably a link between your brother's dietary habits and his fatigue level.

Football practice can be a physically taxing and energy-intensive activity. Your brother may feel tired and struggle to maintain energy levels if he is not getting enough nutrition to support his increased energy expenditure. When creating a healthy diet plan for your sibling it is important to focus on providing adequate nutrition to support your sibling's athletic performance and recovery. Here is a dietary recommendation:

Encourage your sibling to prioritize nutrient-dense foods that offer a balanced balance of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, and to eat frequent meals, especially breakfast.

Learn more about Dietary habits, here:

https://brainly.com/question/29415317

#SPJ2

The genotype of the F1 offspring is YyTt, and the phenotype is yellow and tall. The probability of each phenotype in the F1 offspring is as follows yellow and tall is 1/2 or 50%, green and short is 1/2 or 50%.

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup or combination of alleles present in an organism, while phenotype refers to the observable traits or characteristics expressed by an organism. Genotype represents the genes an organism carries, while phenotype represents the physical or observable features resulting from the interaction between genotype and the environment.

When a heterozygous ail yellow plant (genotype Yy) is crossed with a homozygous short green plant (genotype tt), the F1 offspring will have the genotype YyTt and the phenotype of yellow and tall. The probability of this phenotype occurring in the F1 generation is 50%. Additionally, there is a 50% probability of the F1 offspring having the phenotype of green and short.

Learn more on genotype here https://brainly.com/question/22117

#SPJ1

Answer:

The reason that grafting is not considered sexual is because there is no conjoining of male and female germ cells. (there is no germination like how sperm and egg cells do). So its considered asexual

Explanation:

Answer:How It’s Done. Bloodstain Patterns that May be Found. Bloodstains range in both amount of blood and type of pattern—from pools of blood around a body to obvious spatter patterns on the walls to microscopic drops on a suspect’s clothing.

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

Title: Observation of Liverworts (Hepatophyta)

Objective: To observe the living green "leafy" gametophyte stage of liverworts and compare them with moss.

Hypothesis: Liverworts and moss may share some similarities in structure, but there may be significant differences between them.

Observations:

Liverworts Structures:

Gametophyte: The main plant body of the liverwort, which is haploid (n) and produces gametes.

Sporophyte: A structure that grows from the gametophyte and produces spores. It is diploid (2n).

Rhizoides: Root-like structures that anchor the gametophyte to the substrate and absorb water and nutrients.

Leaf-like structures: Flattened structures that resemble leaves but do not have true veins or stomata.

Thallus: The entire plant body of the gametophyte, which lacks true stems or roots.

Observations of different structures in liverworts:

Sporophyte: Small and inconspicuous, growing from the gametophyte.

Gametophore: The stem-like structure that supports the gametophyte and sporophyte.

Rhizoides: Thread-like structures that attach the gametophyte to the substrate and absorb water and nutrients.

Thallus: The plant body of the gametophyte that lacks true stems or roots.

Comparison between liverworts and moss:

Similarities:

Both are non-vascular plants.

Both have a haploid (n) gametophyte and a diploid (2n) sporophyte stage.

Both reproduce by spores and require water for fertilization.

Differences:

Liverworts have leaf-like structures and a thallus, while mosses have true leaves and stems.

Liverwort sporophytes are small and inconspicuous, while moss sporophytes are tall and conspicuous.

Liverworts have rhizoides, while mosses have true roots.

Answer:

Vacuole

Explanation: