In the first reaction, the starting material (1-bromo-3-methylbutane) reacts with KCN, which acts as a nucleophile.
The cyanide ion (CN-) attacks the carbon with the bromo substituent, leading to a substitution reaction (SN2). As a result, product 1 is formed: 3-methylbutanenitrile.
In the second reaction, product 1 (3-methylbutanenitrile) reacts with hydroxide (OH-) and water (H2O), followed by the addition of H3O+ (hydronium ion).
This involves a two-step process: nucleophilic addition and hydrolysis. The hydroxide ion attacks the nitrile group, creating an intermediate which subsequently undergoes hydrolysis in the presence of H3O+ to form product 2: 3-methylbutanoic acid.
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Polar molecules must contain polar bonds while non-polar molecules may or may not contain polar bonds.TrueFalse
False Polar molecules do contain polar bonds, but non-polar molecules do not contain polar bonds. A polar bond is a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally between two atoms, resulting in a partial positive charge on one atom and a partial negative charge on the other. A polar molecule is one in which the distribution of electrons is not symmetric, resulting in a dipole moment and an overall partial positive and partial negative charge.
On the other hand, non-polar molecules are those in which the electrons are shared equally between the atoms, resulting in a symmetrical distribution of electrons and no net dipole moment. Non-polar molecules can contain non-polar bonds, such as in the case of diatomic molecules like nitrogen (N2) or oxygen (O2), which have non-polar covalent bonds. However, they can also contain polar bonds if the polar bonds are arranged in a way that the net dipole moment cancels out, resulting in a non-polar molecule. An example of this is carbon dioxide (CO2), which has polar bonds but is a non-polar molecule due to its linear, symmetrical shape.
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name: 1. name three factors that influence the rate at which a solute dissolves in a solvent 2. define the following words a. solubility b. saturated c. unsaturated d. supersaturated
1. The three factors that influence the rate at which a solute dissolves in a solvent are: a. Temperature - as temperature increases, the rate of dissolution also increases
b. Surface area - the greater the surface area of the solute, the faster it dissolves
c. Agitation - stirring or shaking the mixture can increase the rate of dissolution by exposing more solute to the solvent.
2.
a. Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature and pressure.
b. Saturated refers to a solution where the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature and pressure.
c. Unsaturated refers to a solution where less than the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature and pressure.
d. Supersaturated refers to a solution where more than the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature and pressure, often achieved by heating the solution and then allowing it to cool slowly.
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which compound is not a necessary coenzyme for the function of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
NADPH is not a necessary coenzyme for the function of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
The compound that is not a necessary coenzyme for the function of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate).
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is responsible for the conversion of pyruvate, a product of glycolysis, into acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle. This complex requires several coenzymes for its proper function, including thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), lipoic acid, coenzyme A (CoA), and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide).
NADPH, on the other hand, is not directly involved in the function of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. It primarily acts as a reducing agent in various metabolic reactions, such as fatty acid synthesis and detoxification processes.
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explain why there would be no reaction between Potassium Chloride and Zinc
Answer: zinc is less reactive than chlorine and therefore will not displace it.
Explanation: as we see in the reactivity series, chlorine is more reactive than potassium. a less reactive element will not displace (take the place of) a more reactive element. no reaction will occur.
ADMINS STOOP ABUSING
Answer:
exactly like an answer to my question got deleted
Explanation:
considering the chemical reaction for cellular respiration, what must be included in the respirometer containing the germinating seeds?a)carbon dioxideb)boiled waterc)oxygend)warm water and light
Answer:
c) oxygen
Explanation: In order for pea seeds to germinate, they require moisture. In order for cellular respiration to occur, oxygen is required.
a 28.8 g sample of iron absorbs 201 j of heat, upon which the temperature of the sample increases from 24.1°c to 39.6°c. what is the specific heat of iron?
The specific heat of iron is 0.454 J/g°C.
The specific heat of a substance is a measure of how much heat energy is required to raise the temperature of a given amount of that substance by a certain amount. In this case, we need to find the specific heat of iron.
To do this, we can use the formula:
Q = mcΔT
where Q is the heat energy absorbed, m is the mass of the sample, c is the specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
From the question, we are given the mass of the sample (28.8 g), the heat energy absorbed (201 J), and the change in temperature (39.6°C - 24.1°C = 15.5°C).
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
201 J = (28.8 g)(c)(15.5°C)
To solve for c, we need to isolate it. We can do this by dividing both sides of the equation by (28.8 g)(15.5°C):
c = 201 J / (28.8 g)(15.5°C)
Calculating this, we find that the specific heat of iron is approximately 0.454 J/g°C.
Therefore, the specific heat of iron is 0.454 J/g°C.
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when an atom gains an electron it becomes a cation true or false
Answer: False
Explanation: Gaining an electron which has a negative charge results in an overall negative charge, thus making this an anion, and the answer, false.
Answer:false
Explanation:it becomes a anion
Define balanced forces(giving Brainly)
Answer:
Explanation:
Balanced forces are opposite in direction and equal in size.
Balanced forces are in a state of equilibrium.
Answer:
Balanced forces are forces whose net amount remains zero.
This can take place when two equal forces are acting in opposite direction.
Balanced forces don't make any change in the position of objects
is an example of an element and example of a compound
Answer:
Only some elements
Explanation:
what is the chemical structure of an omega-3 fatty acid? multiple choice question. it contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the acid end of the carbon chain. it contains three consecutive carbon-carbon double bonds within the carbon chain. it contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the omega end of the carbon chain.
It contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the omega end of the carbon chain. The correct answer is option. a.
This means that the first double bond in the fatty acid carbon chain is located at the third carbon from the end of the chain opposite to the carboxyl group, which is known as the omega end. Omega-3 fatty acids are a type of polyunsaturated fatty acid that are important for human health, and are commonly found in fish, flaxseed, and other plant and animal sources. They have been shown to have numerous health benefits, including reducing inflammation and improving heart health. Hence option a is correct answer.
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What is the chemical structure of an omega-3 fatty acid?
Multiple choice question.
a. It contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the omega end of the carbon chain.
b. It contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the acid end of the carbon chain.
c. It contains three consecutive carbon-carbon double bonds within the carbon chain.
1.00 g of carbon is combusted in a limited supply of pure oxygen. 0.50g of the carbon combusts
to form CO₂ and 0.50g of the carbon combusts to form CO.
The resultant mixture of CO₂ and CO is passed through excess NaOH(aq) and the remaining gas
is then dried and collected.
What is the volume of the remaining gas? (All gas volumes are measured at 25°C and
1 atmosphere pressure.)
A 1dm³
B 1.5 dm³
C 2 dm³
D 3 dm³
Answer:
Explanation:d
Describe the changes that earths atmosphere has gone to overtime
Answer:
Over a vast amount of time, millions of years, the earth gradually cooled. When the temperature dropped enough, water vapor condensed and went from a gas to liquid form. This created clouds. From these clouds, the oceans formed and the oceans absorbed a lot of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Explanation:
what are examples of soluble salts (metal+acids)
Answer:
Chloride salts - made of HCI
Nitrate salts - made of HNO3
Sulfate salts - made of H2SO4
These are all the examples I could think of.
Green plants use light from the Sun to drive photosynthesis, a chemical reaction in which liquid water and carbon dioxide gas form aqueous glucose C6H12O6 and oxygen O2 gas. Calculate the moles of water needed to produce 0.500mol of glucose. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if necessary, and round it to 3 significant digits.
In order to find the answer we need to set the equation up first, so the reaction for photosynthesis is:
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Now by checking the molar ratio between water and glucose we see that for every 6 moles of H2O we will end up having 1 mol of C6H12O6, so we have a 6:1 molar ratio, now in order to produce 0.500 we will find out by doing the following calculation:
6 H2O = 1 C6H12O6
x H2O = 0.500 C6H12O6
x = 3.00 moles of H2O are needed to produce 0.500 moles of glucose
ents in any compound
fixed ratios
2) Glucose is a 6-carbon sugar made by autotrophs in the process of
photosynthesis. It is a compound formed from three elements, carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen. The ratio of hydrogen to carbon and oxygen in
glucose is always 2.1.1. What is the correct molecular formula for
glucose?
A) CHO
B) CH1 2012
9 CGH12O6
D) CH₂O₃
When a Lewis acid and a Lewis base combine, the product may be referred to as : None of the options.
Adduct Bronsted Base Anode Bronsted Acid
When a Lewis acid and a Lewis base combine, the product may be referred to as an adduct.
An adduct is a chemical species that is formed when a Lewis acid and a Lewis base combine through a coordinate covalent bond. In this reaction, the Lewis base donates a pair of electrons to the Lewis acid, which accepts the electrons. This results in the formation of a new molecule, called an adduct, which contains a new covalent bond.
An example of an adduct is the reaction between boron trifluoride (BF3) and ammonia (NH3) to form boron trifluoride ammonia complex (BF3•NH3), which is an adduct.
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Rosa was looking for patterns to help predict the products of chemical reactions. She recorded three similar decomposition reactions in the table. What products should she record in the last row of the table? 2licl + 3o2 3licl + 2o2 2lio + 3cl2 3lio+ 2cl2.
The products Rosa recorded in the last row of the table should be: 2LiCl + 3O₂.
The type of reaction which Rosa did is a decomposition reaction which involves one compound that yields to more than one (or usually two) product. To determine the product, we can deduce that it has to contain elements of Li, Cl and O₂. So, from the options, the answer is 2LiCl + 3O₂.
What is a decomposition reaction?A decomposition reaction can be described as a chemical reaction in which one reactant breaks down into two or more products. Generally, decomposition reactions need energy input.
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Acidic
A) is an excess of OH-
B) is an excess of H+ ions
C) when alkali dissociate, anion
D) is the division of chemistry that deals with the transfer of electric charge in chemical reactions
E) loss of electrons yielding a positively charged ion
An acidic solution can be defined as one that has an excess of H+ ions .So the correct option is option B.
Acidity is a property of a substance that describes its ability to donate hydrogen ions (H+). A substance with a high concentration of H+ ions is considered acidic. In aqueous solutions, the concentration of H+ ions is balanced by the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-). When the concentration of H+ ions is greater than the concentration of OH- ions, the solution is acidic.
Option A is incorrect because an excess of OH- ions in a solution makes it basic or alkaline, not acidic.
Option C is incorrect because the anion is not directly related to acidity. An anion is a negatively charged ion that is formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.
Option D is incorrect because electrochemistry deals with the transfer of electric charge in chemical reactions. Acidity is a broader concept that involves the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.
Option E is incorrect because the loss of electrons yielding a positively charged ion is called oxidation, which is not directly related to acidity.
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What’s science in science
Answer:
Science is the pursuit and application of knowledge and understanding of the natural and social world following a systematic methodology based on evidence. Scientific methodology includes the following: Objective observation: Measurement and data (possibly although not necessarily using mathematics as a tool)
Explanation:
Answer:
Modern science is typically divided into three major branches that consist of the natural sciences (e.g., biology, chemistry, and physics), which study nature in the broadest sense; the social sciences (e.g., economics, psychology, and sociology), which study individuals and societies; and the formal sciences
2.241g of co2(g) is formed. the combustion analysis also showed that the sample contained 0.0648g of h.
The mass of carbon (C) in the original 1.2359 g sample of the compound is 0.6913 g. The mass of nitrogen (N) in the original sample is 0.3566 g, and the mass of oxygen (O) is 0.2031 g.
To determine the mass of carbon in the sample, we subtract the masses of hydrogen and oxygen from the total mass of the sample:
Mass of C = Total mass of sample - Mass of H - Mass of O
Mass of C = 1.2359 g - 0.0648 g - 2.241 g (CO₂)
Mass of C = 0.6913
Regarding the analysis of nitrogen content, the mass percent of nitrogen is given as 28.84%. This percentage indicates that nitrogen accounts for 28.84% of the total mass of the compound.
To determine the mass of nitrogen in the sample, we multiply the mass percent by the total mass of the sample:
Mass of N = Mass percent of N × Total mass of sample
Mass of N = 28.84% × 1.2359 g
Mass of N = 0.3566 g
mass of Og of sample (g of H+g of C+ g of
N)
mass of O = 1.2359 (0.0648+0.6116 +0.3564)
Mass of O = 0.2031 g
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the complete question is:
In the combustion analysis of a compound containing carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, a 1.2359 g sample is burned with excess oxygen, producing 2.241 g of CO₂. The analysis also reveals 0.0648 g of hydrogen in the sample. What is the mass, in grams, of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in the original 1.2359 g sample? Furthermore, when the compound is solely analyzed for nitrogen content, the mass percent of nitrogen is found to be 28.84%. What is the mass, in grams, of nitrogen and oxygen in the original sample?
Which relationship is an example of commensalism?
A )A diamondback rattlesnake and a gopher turtle share a burrow. The turtle digs the hole, and the snake provides protection from predators for the turtle.
B)Remora fish stick to large sharks, receiving a free ride and scraps of food the shark does not eat. The shark is neither helped nor harmed.
C)Hyenas and lions fight over the same antelope kill.
D)A tapeworm lives in the intestine of a dog, obtaining food for itself, while slowly harming the dog.
Answer:
The correct answer is option
B) "Remora fish stick to large sharks, receiving a free ride and scraps of food the shark does not eat. The shark is neither helped nor harmed".
Explanation:
Commensalism is defined as a type of inter-species relationship at which one individual gets benefited and the other is neither benefited or harmed. An example of commensalism is the one between remora fish and large sharks. In this case, remora fish gets attached to the large sharks by an organ that acts suction cup. The remora fish gets benefited by receiving transportation, a food source and protection from predators, while the large sharks are neither helped nor harmed.
What are the 2 products of combustion always?
how do you find valence electrons?
Valence electrons can be found by determining the electronic configurations of elements. Thereafter the number of electrons in the outermost shell gives the total number of valence electrons in that element.
Answer:
You can tell by the group number of the element.
Explanation:
E.g. potassium (K) has one valence electron (one electron in its outer shell) because it is in group one.
Hope this helps!
the ion corresponding to an (m 2) • peak that is approximately equal to the intensity of the molecular ion peak most likely contains which specific isotope?
The ion corresponding to an (m+2)• peak that is approximately equal to the intensity of the molecular ion peak most likely contains the isotope 13C.
The (m+2)• peak in a mass spectrum corresponds to an ion that is two mass units heavier than the molecular ion. This can be caused by the presence of a specific isotope in the molecule. The most common isotopes that can cause this type of peak are 13C and 15N.
Since the intensity of the (m+2)• peak is approximately equal to the intensity of the molecular ion peak, it is most likely that the ion contains the isotope 13C. This is because 13C has a natural abundance of 1.1%, which is much higher than the natural abundance of 15N (0.37%). Therefore, it is more likely that the ion contains the isotope 13C, which would cause the (m+2)• peak to have a similar intensity to the molecular ion peak.
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What is the final temperature (in °C) of 120.1 g of water (specific heat = 4.184 J/g・°C) at 24.20°C that absorbed 950.0 J of heat?
i need help someone help me the chem 101 is due tomorrow
From the calculations, the final temperature of the object is 26.1 °C.
What is specific heat capacity?The specific heat capacity is defined as the temperature that is required to raise 1 Kg of a substance through a temperature rise of 1 K.
When;
H = 950.0 J
T1 = 24.20°C
m = 120.1 g
c = 4.184 J/g・°C
T2 = ?
H = mc(T2 - T1)
950 = 120.1 * 4.184(T2 - 24.2)
950 = 502.5T2 - 12160.5
950 + 12160.5 = 502.5T2
T2 = 950 + 12160.5/502.5
T2 = 26.1 °C
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In an acid-base titration, the neutralization of 25.00 mL of a solution of KOH (potassium hydroxide) of unknown concentration required the addition of 22.60 mL of 0.1532 M HNO3 (nitric acid). Calculate the molarity of the potassium hydroxide solution.
The molarity of pottasium hydroxide solution in the acid-base titration is 0.138M.
How to calculate molarity?Molarity in chemistry refers to the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as the number of moles of solute per litre of solution.
The molarity in an acid base titration procedure can be calculated as follows;
CaVa = CbVb
Where;
Ca = acid concentrationVa = acid volumeCb = base concentrationVb = base volumeAccording to this question, the neutralization of 25.00 mL of a solution of KOH (potassium hydroxide) of unknown concentration required the addition of 22.60 mL of 0.1532 M (nitric acid).
22.6 × 0.1532 = 25 × Cb
3.46232 = 25Cb
Cb = 0.138M
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4.why does the volume of water added to dissolve the potassium hydrogen phthalate, khp, not matter?
The volume of water added to dissolve potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) does not matter because the mass of KHP used is known and it will dissolve completely in any volume of water.
In volumetric analysis, the primary objective is to find the exact concentration of an analyte in a given solution. Analyte refers to the substance whose concentration is to be determined.In order to measure the analyte concentration, the known volume of the titrant of known concentration is added to the analyte until the endpoint is reached.Endpoint refers to the point in a titration where the reaction between the analyte and titrant is complete. The endpoint can be detected by observing a physical change in the system.In the case of KHP, it dissolves completely in any volume of water.
Therefore, the mass of KHP used can be accurately measured and dissolved in any volume of water. As a result, the volume of water added to dissolve the KHP does not affect the accuracy of the experiment.In summary, the volume of water added to dissolve KHP does not matter because the mass of KHP used is known and it will dissolve completely in any volume of water.
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PLEASE HELP ASAP !! THIS ASSIGNMENT IS DUE TODAY !!
how do we balance the number of moles of magnesium and the number of moles of oxygen in magnesium oxide?
The balanced chemical equation of the number of moles of magnesium and the number of moles of oxygen in magnesium oxide is as follow:
2Mg(s) + O₂ → 2MgO
Firstly we write the unbalanced chemical equation of the formation of magnesium oxide.
Mg(s) + O₂ → MgO
What is balanced chemical equation?A chemical equation is said to balanced if number of moles on reactant side is equal to the number of moles on product side. If this happened a chemical equation is said to be balanced chemical equation.
Now, from reaction we noticed that one atom. of Mg combine with one atom of oxygen.
Firstly, we balance the atoms of oxygen. As we can see that there are two atoms of Oxygen on reactant side so we multiply product side by 2.
Lastly, we see that there are two atoms of Mg on product. So we multiply Mg by 2.
Thus, we concluded that our balanced chemical equation of the number of moles of magnesium and the number of moles of oxygen in magnesium oxide is as follow:
2Mg(s) + O₂ → 2MgO
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when cooking over a charcoal fire, the briquettes become so hot that they glow. brisquettes must be hotter than what degree of temperature in oirder to glow?
Briquettes typically need to be heated to temperatures above 600°C (1112°F) to start glowing. At this temperature, they emit visible light in the form of incandescence, giving off a reddish-orange glow.
When charcoal briquettes are heated, they start to glow as they reach a temperature of around 750 to 1000 degrees Celsius (or 1382 to 1832 degrees Fahrenheit). This temperature range is also known as the "red heat" range, which means that the briquettes emit a dull red glow.
At this temperature, the charcoal briquettes are hot enough to start the process of combustion, which is why they are used as a fuel for cooking over a fire. The heat generated by the briquettes is transferred to the food, and this is how the food is cooked. The temperature required to make the briquettes glow is dependent on factors such as the type of charcoal used, the amount of oxygen present, and the intensity of the heat source.
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