every muscle has a______ which is a point on the skin over the muscle where pressure or stimulation will cause contraction of that muscle
Answers
The point over a muscle where pressure or stimulation will cause contraction of the muscle is motor point, option A is correct.
The motor point is a specific anatomical location over a muscle where the motor nerve enters and controls the activation of that muscle. Stimulation or pressure applied to the motor point can elicit a contraction of the associated muscle. This is because the motor point is where the nerve fibers responsible for muscle contraction are concentrated.
By targeting the motor point, therapists and practitioners can effectively engage and activate specific muscles for various purposes, such as muscle strengthening, rehabilitation, or pain relief. Understanding the location of motor points is crucial in techniques like electrical muscle stimulation, acupuncture, or manual therapies that aim to elicit muscular responses. Option A is correct.
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The complete question is:
The point over a muscle where pressure or stimulation will cause contraction of the muscle is ______.
A. motor point
B. muscle connection
C. relaxation center
D. stimulator
Related Questions
What makes amino acids unique from one another? (1 point)
A. the amino group
B.the carboxyl group
C.the long strands of glucose molecules
D. the R group
Answers
Answer:
D. the R group
Explanation:
What is an example of an object that affects gravity
on Earth?
Answers
Answer:
the object that affects gravity is call gravinaltational force which acts on the way human stay on earth
Explanation:
sarin gas is a potent neurotoxin that inhibits the release of acetylcholinesterase. the gas can be fatal and often causes muscle convulsions and respiratory failure. why would this gas exert these effects?
Answers
A extremely lethal nerve toxin called sarin was created for use in chemical warfare in Germany in 1937. By blocking acetylcholinesterase, it acts similarly to an insecticide, having a neurotoxic impact that results in instantaneous death from respiratory failure.
What specific effects does sarin have?Sarin exposure at large concentrations can cause hypothermia, seizures, and tremors. The accumulation of ACh in the central nervous system (CNS), which results in paralysis and eventually peripherally-mediated respiratory arrest and death, is a more serious side effect of sarin.
Can you endure sarin gas exposure?One of the deadliest known chemical warfare agents is the nerve toxin sarin (military code name GB). It typically has no taste or odour. Sarin exposure can result in fatalities in minutes.
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i need help with biology if you’re willing to help pls lmk :)
Answers
Answer:
sddssa
Explanation:sa
the suns pole reversals are tied to its
Answers
Answer:
Cycle of sunspots. I hope this helps! I looked up the answer by the way, so no credit to me lol
Answer:cycle of the sunspots
Explanation: This reversal happens every 11 years and is tied to the sun’s cycle of activity,now near it’s peak. The effects of the reversal will ripple throughout the solar system. Every 11 years ,at the sun’s magnetic polarity reverses itself.
Answer the following questions about the probable
offspring of two heterozygous parents.
6. Enter out of 16 offspring are likely to
have smooth, green pods.
7. Enter out of 16 offspring are likely to
have smooth, yellow pods.
8. Enter out of 16 offspring are likely to
have wrinkled, green pods.
9. Enter out of 16 offspring are likely to
have wrinkled, yellow pods.
Check Answer
Answers
Answer:
6. 9
7. 3
8. 3
9. 1
Explanation: did it and got it right lol
Ethical implication of the Japanese Shore Crab.
Answers
The Japanese Shore Crab, also known as the Asian Shore Crab, is an invasive species that has made its way to various parts of the world, including the east coast of the United States. The ethical implications of this invasive species are multifaceted.
Firstly, the introduction of the Japanese Shore Crab to new ecosystems can have negative impacts on native species. They are known to compete with native crabs for resources and can even predate on small native animals. This can cause disruptions in the ecosystem and lead to imbalances in the food chain. From an ethical standpoint, it is important to consider the potential harm that may come to the native species and to work towards mitigating these impacts.
Secondly, there are ethical concerns related to human actions that may have contributed to the spread of this invasive species. For example, the release of ballast water from ships may have inadvertently introduced the Japanese Shore Crab to new areas. It is important to consider the role of human actions in the spread of invasive species and to work towards preventing such introductions in the future.
Overall, the ethical implications of the Japanese Shore Crab highlight the importance of considering the impacts of invasive species on ecosystems and working towards preventing their introduction and spread.
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If there is 20% thymine within a DNA molecule. How much guanine is there?
Answers
Answer:
a lot
Explanation:
i dont actually know
Elements of growth factor pathway regulation of the cell cycle include all of the following except
A. conformational changes of proteins as part of signal transmission
B. binding of ATP to a tyrosine kinase domain of growth factor receptor proteins
C. nonspecific binding of SH2 domains to any phosphorylated tyrosine
D. location of the growth factor receptor proteins in the plasma membrane
E. dimerization or polymerization of receptor proteins in the plasma membrane
Answers
The correct answer is C. Elements of growth factor pathway regulation of the cell cycle include all of the following except nonspecific binding of SH2 domains to any phosphorylated tyrosine.
The elements of growth factor pathway regulation of the cell cycle include conformational changes of proteins as part of signal transmission, binding of ATP to a tyrosine kinase domain of growth factor receptor proteins, location of the growth factor receptor proteins in the plasma membrane, and dimerization or polymerization of receptor proteins in the plasma membrane.
However, nonspecific binding of SH2 domains to any phosphorylated tyrosine is not an element of growth factor pathway regulation. SH2 domains are specific protein domains that bind to phosphorylated tyrosine residues in a sequence-specific manner, allowing for the recruitment and activation of downstream signaling molecules. This specific binding is crucial for transmitting the growth factor signal and regulating the cell cycle.
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a hormone produced by the beta cells of the islets of langerhans in the pancreas is called:
Answers
The hormone produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas is called insulin.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, which are specialized cell clusters in the pancreas. Insulin plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels and metabolism. When blood sugar levels rise after a meal, the beta cells in the pancreas release insulin into the bloodstream. Insulin acts on various tissues, particularly the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue. Its primary function is to facilitate the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, where it can be used as a source of energy or stored for later use. Insulin promotes the storage of excess glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles and as fat in adipose tissue. It also helps regulate the breakdown of glycogen and inhibits the production of glucose by the liver. Insulin is essential for maintaining normal blood sugar levels and is particularly important in individuals with diabetes, where there is either insufficient insulin production or impaired insulin function. In such cases, insulin therapy may be necessary to manage blood sugar levels effectively.
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Question 1: Basic Solow Growth Model Consider the Solow growth model without population growth or technological change. All the assumption of basic Solow Growth model applies (the ones we discussed in class). The saving rate is given by s and and the depreciation rate is given by (δ). The production function is given by Y=K
α
L
(1−α)
. Let k denote capital per worker, y denote output per worker, c denote consumption per worker, and i denote investment per worker. 1. What is the per-worker production function? 2. Provide equation of motion for this model. 3. Find the steady-state capital per worker (k
∗
). 4. Find the steady-state level of output per worker (y
∗
). 5. Find the steady-state level of consumption per worker (c
∗
). 6. Draw a well-labeled figure showing steady state capital per worker, steady state output per worker, and steady-state consumption per worker. (You will not receive full credit if it is not well-labeled) 7. In your own words, explain two implications of this Basic Solow Growth Model (no population growth and no technological growth).
Answers
1.The per-worker production function in the Basic Solow Growth Model can be written as: Y = K * α * L * (1 - α)
where Y is output per worker, K is capital per worker, L is labor, and α is the elasticity of output with respect to capital. 2.The equation of motion for this model is: dY/dt = s(Y-c) - (δ+1)K. where s is the savings rate, c is consumption per worker, δ is the depreciation rate, and t is time.
3.The steady-state capital per worker (k∗) is given by:
k∗ = δ + 1
4.The steady-state level of output per worker (y∗) is given by:
y∗ = αk∗L
where α is the elasticity of output with respect to capital.
5.The steady-state level of consumption per worker (c∗) is given by:
c∗ = s(y∗-L)
6.A well-labeled figure showing steady state capital per worker, steady state output per worker, and steady-state consumption per worker would include the following:
Steady-state capital per worker (k∗) on the x-axis and steady-state output per worker (y∗) on the y-axis.
A line showing the relationship between capital and output in the steady state.
A point representing the steady-state level of capital per worker (k∗) and a point representing the steady-state level of output per worker (y∗).
A line showing the relationship between consumption and output in the steady state.
A point representing the steady-state level of consumption per worker (c∗) and a point representing the steady-state level of output per worker (y∗).
Labels for each point and line, including the variables they represent and the equations that relate them.
7.The implications of the Basic Solow Growth Model with no population growth and no technological growth are:
The economy grows at a constant rate determined by the rate of return on investment in capital.
The steady-state level of output per worker is determined by the elasticity of output with respect to capital and the level of capital per worker.
The steady-state level of consumption per worker is determined by the savings rate and the level of output per worker.
The model predicts that there is a positive relationship between capital and output, and a negative relationship between consumption and output in the steady state.
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The Biological Insect Control Corporation (BICC) has hired you as a consultant to evaluate the NPV of its proposed toad ranch. BICC plans to breed toads and sell them as ecologically desirable insect control mechanisms. They anticipate that the business will continue into perpetuity. Following the negligible startup costs, BICC expects the following nominal cash flows at the end of the year: the company will lease machinery for $104,000 per year. the lease payments start at the end of Year 1 and are expressed in nominal terms. Revenues will increase by 6 percent per year in real terms. Labor costs will increase by 5 percent per year in real terms. Other costs will increase by 3 percent per year in real terms. the rate of inflation is expected to be 8 percent per year. BICC's required rate of return is 14 percent in real terms. the company has a 35 percent tax rate. All cash flows occur at year-end. What is the NPV of BICC's proposed toad ranch today?
Answers
The NPV of BICC's toad ranch is $2,150,509.30. Cash flows were discounted to their present values, considering inflation, tax rate, and required rate of return. Startup costs were assumed to be negligible.
To calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) of BICC's proposed toad ranch, we need to discount the projected cash flows to their present values and then sum them up.
1. Calculate the real cash flows at the end of each year by adjusting for inflation:
Year 1:
Revenues = $279,000 * (1 + 0.06) / (1 + 0.08)
= $279,000 * 1.06 / 1.08
= $275,972.22
Labor Costs = $199,000 * (1 + 0.05) / (1 + 0.08)
= $199,000 * 1.05 / 1.08
= $194,027.78
Other Costs = $69,000 * (1 + 0.03) / (1 + 0.08)
= $69,000 * 1.03 / 1.08
= $65,138.89
Year 2 and beyond:
Revenues (real) = Revenues (previous year) * (1 + 0.06) = $275,972.22 * 1.06
Labor Costs (real) = Labor Costs (previous year) * (1 + 0.05) = $194,027.78 * 1.05
Other Costs (real) = Other Costs (previous year) * (1 + 0.03) = $65,138.89 * 1.03
2. Calculate the after-tax cash flows by considering the tax rate:
After-tax Revenues = Revenues (real) * (1 - tax rate) = $275,972.22 * (1 - 0.35)
After-tax Labor Costs = Labor Costs (real) * (1 - tax rate) = $194,027.78 * (1 - 0.35)
After-tax Other Costs = Other Costs (real) * (1 - tax rate) = $65,138.89 * (1 - 0.35)
3. Calculate the discounted cash flows by discounting the after-tax cash flows to their present values:
Year 1:
Discounted Revenues = After-tax Revenues / (1 + required rate of return) = After-tax Revenues / (1 + 0.14)
Discounted Labor Costs = After-tax Labor Costs / (1 + required rate of return) = After-tax Labor Costs / (1 + 0.14)
Discounted Other Costs = After-tax Other Costs / (1 + required rate of return) = After-tax Other Costs / (1 + 0.14)
Year 2 and beyond:
Discounted Revenues (t+1) = Discounted Revenues (t) / (1 + inflation rate)
Discounted Labor Costs (t+1) = Discounted Labor Costs (t) / (1 + inflation rate)
Discounted Other Costs (t+1) = Discounted Other Costs (t) / (1 + inflation rate)
4. Calculate the NPV by summing up the discounted cash flows:
NPV = Sum of Discounted Cash Flows - Initial Investment
Since the question states that there are negligible startup costs, we assume the initial investment to be $0.
Let's calculate the NPV of BICC's proposed toad ranch:
Year 1:
Discounted Revenues = $275,972.22 / (1 + 0.14) = $241,254.42
Discounted Labor Costs = $135,952.78 / (1 + 0.14) = $118,963.66
Discounted Other Costs = $42,051.95 / (1 + 0.14) = $36,855.17
Year 2:
Discounted Revenues (t+1) = $241,254.42 / (1 + 0.06) = $227,071.81
Discounted Labor Costs (t+1) = $118,963.66 / (1 + 0.05) = $113,321.10
Discounted Other Costs (t+1) = $36,855.17 / (1 + 0.03) = $35,795.17
Calculating the NPV:
NPV = Sum of Discounted Cash Flows
= $241,254.42 + $118,963.66 + $42,051.95 + $227,071.81 + $113,321.10 + $35,795.17
As the cash flows are expected to continue indefinitely, we have a perpetuity. The sum of a perpetuity is calculated as the cash flow of the next period divided by the discount rate minus the growth rate.
Therefore, the sum of discounted cash flows can be expressed as:
Sum of Discounted Cash Flows = Discounted Revenues / (required rate of return - inflation rate) + (Discounted Revenues (t+1) / (required rate of return - inflation rate)
Substituting the values:
Sum of Discounted Cash Flows = $241,254.42 / (0.14 - 0.08) + $118,963.66 / (0.14 - 0.08) + $42,051.95 / (0.14 - 0.08) + ($227,071.81 + $113,321.10 + $35,795.17) / (0.14 - 0.08)
Sum of Discounted Cash Flows = $2,150,509.30
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The correct question is:
The Biological Insect Control Corporation (BICC) has hired you as a consultant to evaluate the NPV of its proposed toad ranch. BICC plans to breed toads and sell them as ecologically desirable insect control mechanisms. They anticipate that the business will continue into perpetuity. Following the negligible startup costs, BICC expects the following nominal cash flows at the end of the year:
Revenues = $279,000
Labor Costs = $199,00
Other Cost = $69,000
The company will lease machinery for $104,000 per year. the lease payments start at the end of Year 1 and are expressed in nominal terms. Revenues will increase by 6 percent per year in real terms. Labor costs will increase by 5 percent per year in real terms. Other costs will increase by 3 percent per year in real terms. the rate of inflation is expected to be 8 percent per year. BICC's required rate of return is 14 percent in real terms. the company has a 35 percent tax rate. All cash flows occur at year-end. What is the NPV of BICC's proposed toad ranch today?
a drug's _____ is its tendency to activate the receptor whereas as drug's _____ is how likely it is to bind with the receptor.
Answers
A drug's efficacy refers to its tendency to activate the receptor, while a drug's affinity is how likely it is to bind with the receptor.
When considering the interaction between a drug and its target receptor, two important concepts are efficacy and affinity. Efficacy refers to the drug's ability to produce a biological response upon binding to the receptor. It reflects the drug's capacity to activate the receptor and initiate the desired cellular or physiological drug's affinity effects. A drug with high efficacy will have a strong ability to activate the receptor and elicit a significant response.
On the other hand, affinity relates to the drug's binding strength or attraction to the receptor. It represents the likelihood of the drug binding to the receptor when they come into contact. Drugs with high affinity have a strong binding affinity for the receptor, meaning they are more likely to bind to the receptor and form a stable drug-receptor complex.
Both efficacy and affinity play essential roles in determining a drug's effectiveness. Antagonists drug with high affinity but low efficacy may bind strongly to the receptor but fail to activate it sufficiently to produce a therapeutic effect. Conversely, a drug with high efficacy but low affinity may have a strong activating effect on the receptor but may not bind strongly or specifically to the receptor.
Efficacy refers to a drug's ability to activate the receptor and produce a response, while affinity relates to the drug's likelihood of binding to the receptor. Both factors are crucial in understanding the pharmacological properties and effects of a drug.
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You have a piece of circular DNA that can be cut by the restriction nucleases EcoRI, Hindill, and Notl, as indicated in the figure below. Not! ECORI - ECORI Hindill Figure 10-6 Answer True OR False for each of the following statements: (1.5 pts) a. One piece of DNA will be obtained when this DNA is cut by Hindill. b. If you cut the. DNA with EcoRI you will get a piece of DNA that cannot be cut by Notl. c. If you cut the DNA with Hindill and EcoRI you will get two fragments of unequal size. 14) Describe the DNA synthesis reaction. In your answer include: what building blocks are used, what reaction takes place, where the energy comes from, and who performs the reaction. (1.5 pt)
Answers
a. False: When the DNA is cut by HindIII, multiple fragments of DNA will be obtained.
b. True: If the DNA is cut by EcoRI, a piece of DNA will be obtained that cannot be cut by NotI.
c. True: Cutting the DNA with HindIII and EcoRI will result in two fragments of unequal size.
a. When the DNA is cut by HindIII, it recognizes and cuts at its specific recognition site, resulting in the formation of multiple DNA fragments. Therefore, the statement that only one piece of DNA will be obtained when the DNA is cut by HindIII is false.
b. EcoRI and NotI are different restriction enzymes with specific recognition sites. If the DNA is cut by EcoRI, it will generate DNA fragments with compatible ends. These fragments will have an overhang that is complementary to itself, making them unable to be cut by NotI. Therefore, the statement that a piece of DNA cut by EcoRI cannot be cut by NotI is true.
c. When the DNA is cut by HindIII and EcoRI, both enzymes recognize and cut at their specific recognition sites. This results in the formation of two DNA fragments with different sizes. The size of the fragments will depend on the location and distance between the recognition sites of these enzymes. Therefore, the statement that cutting the DNA with HindIII and EcoRI will yield two fragments of unequal size is true.
14) DNA synthesis, also known as DNA replication, is a biological process that involves the creation of a new DNA strand complementary to an existing DNA template strand. The building blocks used in DNA synthesis are nucleotides, which consist of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine).
During DNA synthesis, a reaction known as polymerization takes place. It involves the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides, resulting in the elongation of the new DNA strand. This reaction is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA polymerases.
The energy required for DNA synthesis comes from the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates, which provide the necessary high-energy phosphate bonds. The released pyrophosphate molecule is then hydrolyzed to inorganic phosphate, releasing additional energy.
DNA synthesis is performed by various cellular enzymes, including DNA polymerases, which accurately replicate the DNA template strand by adding complementary nucleotides to the growing new strand. These enzymes work in coordination with other proteins and factors to ensure the accuracy and fidelity of DNA replication.
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1. fatty acids2. amino acids3. phospholipids4. hydrogen5. peptide6. tertiary7. secondary8. rough endoplasmic reticulum9. ribosome10. Golgi apparatus11. vesicle
Answers
The production of antibodies inside the lymphocytes starts at the ribosome (organelle) by joining amino acids together, creating peptide bonds, and forming the primary level structure polypeptide. The polypeptide bends and folds tertiary in the Golgi apparatus (organelle), to form the next level of structure. For instance, the secondary level of structure is formed by hydrogen bonds to create alpha helix or beta-pleated formations.
In order for an antibody to be released into the blood, a fully formed antibody will move from rough endoplasmic reticulum (organelle) to another organelle named Golgi apparatus to sort and be processed for shipment out of the cell. Antibodies transport from organelle to organelle and to the plasma membrane in a vesicle, which is made out of fatty acids-phospholipids.
1. fatty acids
2. amino acids
3. phospholipids
4. hydrogen
5. peptide
6. tertiary
7. secondary
8. rough endoplasmic reticulum (organelle)
9. ribosome (organelle)
10. Golgi apparatus (organelle)
11. vesicle
In which situation would it be least likely for a scientist to revise her experimental methods?
if her results support her hypothesis
if her data do not support her hypothesis
if no conclusions can be drawn from the data
if results are the same after repeating the procedure
6O12H6C
6C12H6O
O6H12C6
C6H12O6
Answers
The situations that would be least likely for a scientist to revise her experimental methods are:
if her results support her hypothesis andif results are the same after repeating the procedureWhat is an experiment?An experiment is a systematic and scientific procedures that is carried out to measure and test a hypothesis in order to arrive to a conclusion.
There will be no need to repeat an experimental procedures or methods if the results obtained supports the hypothesis and if the results are the same after repeating the procedure.
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What are the ingredients to make glucose for plants?
Answers
plz plz plz help and noooo links
Answers
D). invasive speices lack natural predators and take resources away from native speices
hope this helped <3
2. Describe the importance of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ozone to living things.
Answers
Answer:
Animals needs oxygen's to survive and plants need carbon dioxide to survive. The ozone layer reflects harmful UV rays from the sun to protect the things living on Earth.
Answer:
oxygen is the source that makes human to live ozone is the home where we live and plant get carbondioxide which we enhale or throw feom our body
Explanation:
the oxygen is very essential for human beings .for example we get oxygen from a peepal tree and carbondioxide which plant get and the surrounding and earth where we live in earth
What is a tough and rigid layer that surrounds plant cells as well as some algal bacterial cells
Answers
Answer:
Plasma membrane
Explanation:
Answer:
Cell wall i think idk dont trust me on this
Explanation:
A cell containing 10% salt is placed in a beaker of 30% salt. Is the solution is
the beaker hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic to the cell? *
Answers
Answer:
Hypertonic solution
Explanation:
Because a hypertonic solution occurs when more solutes are outside the cell than on the inside cell
A cell containing 10% salt is placed in a beaker of 30% salt. Is the solution is the beaker hypertonic to the cell.
What is in a hypertonic solution?Any external solution with a high solute content and a low water concentration in comparison to bodily fluids is referred to as a hypertonic solution. The net migration of water in a hypertonic solution will be from the body into the solution.
Hypertonic solutions include 10% salt content. A cell that is placed in a hypertonic environment experiences a net migration of water to the cell's exterior (from the higher water environment inside the cell). In reaction, the cell contracts.
A solution is said to be hypertonic if its salt concentration is higher than the salt concentration in the cells. The osmosis process allows water to pass through permeable cell membranes.
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Sulfur pollution in the atmosphere produces acidic rain. Much like the chlorine in a pool, acid rains kill organisms and turn lakes into... Super clear pretty lakes with little or no algae, plants, or fish. Muddy red and brown bodies of water with very little oxygen. Green algae havens where the growth overtakes the entire surface of the lake. Dry sandy deserts after the water evaporates due to the acidic sulfur compounds.
Answers
Answer:
Much like the chlorine in a pool, acid rains kill organisms and turn lakes into (Super clear pretty lakes with little or no algae, plants, or fish)
Explanation:
Fossil fuels, especially the low grade petroleum fuels and coal contain sulphur in the combined form. When they are burnt, they produce sulphur dioxide The presence of substantial amounts of sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere is one of the major causes of ACID RAIN.
Acid rain occurs when sulphur dioxide dissolves in rainwater. When it falls on vegetation, it reduces their growth and damages their leaves. It also dissolves the aluminium salts in soil, causing them to build up toxic levels in underground water supplies.
When the acidic rain water flows into ponds and lakes, it slowly destroys the plants and animal life in them. This is because it increases the acidic level of the lake( low pH levels) which is unfavorable for the survival of aquatic organisms. Also because there is decreased aquatic activity with increased acidity of the lake, it tends to appear clear as if it's chlorinated.
Which waves can travel through space
Answers
Answer:
Electromagnetic waves.
Why hydrophytes do not have cuticle on stem or leaves? answer just in 4 to 5 lines
Answers
Explanation:
The cuticle is a layer of tissue on the outside of most leaves and stems, and its primary function is to help the plant conserve moisture. Since hydrophytes are full of water and moisture, it does not need a cuticle.Most aquatic plants don’t need to seal in moisture, so they don’t have cuticles
Describe THREE examples of the effect of altitude on animals.(life science)
Answers
Altitude is an elevation from the sea level. It plays an important role in animals as it affects the respiratory rate, pressure on the cells, and homeostasis.
What is the respiratory rate?Respiratory rate is the breathing that involves the inhalation and exhalation of gases through the respiratory system. The breathing rate is reduced due to decreases in oxygen transport at a higher altitude which causes fatigue.
At higher altitudes, the pressure is more and in turn, affects the cells as the body also maintains an osmotic pressure to balance the fluid and internal organs. As the altitude increases the temperature drops which affects the homeostasis of the body resulting in more use of energy to keep warm.
Therefore, altitude affects respiration, cell pressure, and homeostasis.
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Please choose the correct mechanism of botulinum toxin.
Destroys the enzyme cholinesterase at the neuromuscular junction causing constant muscle contraction
Blocks the release of acetylcholine neurotransmitter from the axon foot vesicles so muscle cannot get message to contract
Inactivates brain neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin
Damages motor neurons in the spinal cord so messages from brain cannot get to muscles for contraction
Answers
The correct mechanism of botulinum toxin is Blocks the release of acetylcholine neurotransmitter from the axon foot vesicles so muscle cannot get message to contract. The correct option is B).
Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It works by blocking the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from the axon terminals of motor neurons. Acetylcholine is responsible for transmitting the signal from the motor neuron to the muscle, causing it to contract.
By blocking the release of acetylcholine, botulinum toxin prevents the muscle from receiving the signal to contract, leading to muscle paralysis. This mechanism of action is used therapeutically to treat conditions such as muscle spasms and to cosmetically reduce the appearance of wrinkles. Option B). is the correct answer.
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names for a male puppy ?
Answers
Answer: Cat
Explanation:
What is the role of Calcium ions in neurons sending signals from one another?: Where are Ca ions stored in neurons, what causes Ca ions to be released into the cytoplasm, and cytoplasmic Ca ions trigger what important cellular event in neurons?
Answers
The role of Calcium ions in sending neural signals from one another is to initiate the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft.
Once the neurotransmitter is released, it can bind to the receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, which leads to a change in the membrane potential and the initiation of a new action potential.In order for the Calcium ions to play this role, they must first be released from storage sites within the presynaptic neuron. These storage sites are located in the endoplasmic reticulum, a specialized organelle within the cell. Calcium ions are released from these storage sites in response to the arrival of an action potential at the presynaptic terminal.Next, the Calcium ions diffuse into the cytoplasm of the presynaptic neuron and bind to proteins known as SNAREs. These SNAREs help to facilitate the fusion of the synaptic vesicles containing the neurotransmitter with the presynaptic membrane, which then allows the neurotransmitter to be released into the synaptic cleft.
Once the neurotransmitter is released and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, Calcium ions play another important role. They enter the postsynaptic neuron and bind to proteins known as calmodulin. This binding activates a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways that lead to changes in the postsynaptic membrane potential, which ultimately determines whether or not an action potential will be initiated in the postsynaptic neuron. Therefore, the cytoplasmic Ca ions trigger the activation of calmodulin which is an important cellular event in neurons.
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Once you print, cut all the pieces apart. Then reassemble the puzzle so the the definition backs up with the card that has the term. So if one card says: double helix, the card that matches with it would say: the shape of DNA.
Answers
DNA replication is the process through which DNA duplicates. It occurs in the interphase and involves different enzymes, DNA molecules, and free nucleotides. Terms and definitions in the attached files.
What is DNA replication?
DNA replication is the process through which DNI molecule duplicates. This event takes place during the S stage of the interphase. So when the cell divides during mitosis or meiosis, each cell will get a complete set of chromosomes.
DNI replication is semi-conservative because each new molecule carries an original DNI strand and a new one. The fact that the new molecule is composed of an original strand makes it semi-conservative. The old existing strands are used to synthesize the new complementary strand.
The origin of the replication requires helicase enzymes to break hydrogen bonds and separate the two original strands. The topoisomerase enzyme is necessary to release tension. Other proteins are also needed to join the strains and keep them separated. Once the molecule is opened, there is a region named replication forks. DNA polymerase makes the new nucleotides enter into the fork and pairs them with the corresponding nucleotide of the original strand. Adenine pairs timine, and cytosine pairs guanine.
DNA strands are antiparallel, and replication occurs only in 5'-3' direction. So one of the strands will replicate continuously, while the other strain will be formed by short fragments known as Okazaki fragments.
Primers are needed to make the DNA polymerase work. Primers are small units of RNA and are placed at the beginning of each new fragment.
In the attached files you will find the terms and their definitions.
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