Answer:
C
Explanation:
I answered this like 10 min ago.
Democracy was rather direct in Ancient Greece. What this means is that all the public voted on all the bills. Rather than voting for lawmakers, as we do, it was assumed that any person must vote for any law. However, they did have officials to manage the administration.
(I'm the same person)
Answer:
c.All citizens voted on all issues facing the community.
Explanation:
When were Jim Crow laws first legislated and enforced on Black people?
Answer:
The Jim Crow laws began in the 1870's
Explanation:
Describe how the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment has allowed for the process of selective incorporation to take place.
The Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution has played a crucial role in facilitating the process of selective incorporation. The Due Process Clause, found in Section 1 of the 14th Amendment, states: "nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." This clause has been interpreted by the courts to include both procedural and substantive due process protections.
Selective incorporation refers to the process by which the protections guaranteed in the Bill of Rights are applied to the states through the 14th Amendment. Before selective incorporation, the Bill of Rights only applied to the federal government, and individual states were free to establish their own standards and protections for civil liberties.
The concept of selective incorporation emerged through a series of Supreme Court decisions in the mid-20th century. The Supreme Court recognized that fundamental rights protected by the Bill of Rights were essential to the concept of ordered liberty and should also be protected from state infringement.
The Due Process Clause has been the legal foundation for this process. The Supreme Court has interpreted the Due Process Clause to incorporate specific rights on a case-by-case basis. Under the doctrine of selective incorporation, the Court has held that certain provisions of the Bill of Rights are so fundamental that they are incorporated into the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment and thus apply to the states.
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who was alexander four line paragraph .
Alexander the Great, also known as Alexander III of Macedon, was a renowned military leader and one of history's most influential figures. Born in 356 BCE, Alexander ascended to the throne of Macedon at the age of 20 after the assassination of his father, King Philip II.
Alexander embarked on an ambitious military campaign to expand his empire, which eventually stretched from Greece and Egypt in the west to India in the east. He led his army to numerous victories, employing innovative military tactics and inspiring his troops with his leadership skills.
One of his most famous achievements was the conquest of the vast Persian Empire, which he accomplished through a series of decisive battles, including the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BCE. This victory established Alexander as the ruler of a vast empire and marked a turning point in the balance of power in the ancient world.
In addition to his military prowess, Alexander was also a patron of Greek culture and philosophy. He fostered the spread of Hellenistic culture throughout his empire, blending Greek and local traditions and encouraging the exchange of ideas and knowledge.
Despite his remarkable military successes, Alexander's empire faced challenges and internal conflicts after his untimely death in 323 BCE at the age of 32. Nevertheless, his legacy as a military genius and cultural icon endured, leaving a lasting impact on the regions he conquered and shaping the course of history.
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In your own words, tell me what you think a revolution is and do
you think revolutions are still necessary in the 21st century?
A revolution, in broad terms, refers to a radical and transformative change in society, often accompanied by significant shifts in political, social, economic, or cultural structures.
It typically involves widespread and collective actions taken by individuals or groups to challenge and overthrow existing power structures in pursuit of a new vision or ideology.Revolutions historically have been driven by various factors, such as oppressive regimes, inequality, social injustice, political repression, or economic hardships. They can emerge as a response to the grievances of marginalized groups, seeking to challenge and reshape the status quo.
As for the necessity of revolutions in the 21st century, it is a complex and subjective question. While many societies have made substantial progress in terms of democracy, human rights, and social justice, significant challenges and inequalities persist. Issues like wealth disparity, systemic discrimination, political corruption, environmental degradation, and the limitations of existing systems can still generate discontent and demands for change.
However, the nature of social and political activism has evolved in the 21st century. Movements and protests have increasingly embraced nonviolent means, advocating for reform, social movements, and incremental change rather than seeking to completely overthrow existing systems through violent revolutions.
Whether a revolution is deemed necessary or not depends on the specific context and the goals being pursued. Some argue that incremental reforms and peaceful means of change can address societal issues effectively, while others believe that fundamental structural changes may require more disruptive and transformative approaches.
Ultimately, the question of whether revolutions are still necessary in the 21st century is a matter of ongoing debate and depends on one's perspective on the existing systems, the specific issues at hand, and the effectiveness of various means of social and political change.
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A revolution can be described as a profound and often violent change in the social, political, or economic structures of a society. It typically involves a collective uprising by a significant portion of the population against an existing system or regime, driven by a shared desire for fundamental transformation. Revolutions aim to challenge and overthrow oppressive or unjust power structures and establish new ones that reflect the aspirations and needs of the people.
In the 21st century, while many societies have made significant progress in terms of social and political advancements, there are still instances where revolutions can be seen as necessary. Factors that might contribute to the need for revolutions include systemic inequality, political corruption, authoritarianism, lack of basic human rights, and social injustices. In such cases, revolutions can serve as a catalyst for change, giving a voice to marginalized groups and creating opportunities for building more inclusive, equitable, and democratic societies.
It's important to note that not all revolutions are violent or result in widespread destruction. Peaceful revolutions, driven by mass protests, civil disobedience, and collective action, can also bring about transformative changes. In the 21st century, advancements in technology and communication have provided new avenues for mobilization and organizing, making peaceful revolutions more viable than ever before.
However, it is crucial to evaluate each situation individually and consider the potential consequences of revolution. While revolutions have the potential to bring about positive change, they can also be accompanied by significant instability, violence, and loss of life. Therefore, it is essential to seek peaceful means of addressing grievances and pursuing social progress whenever possible.
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4. Why was
Aurangzeb given the title of Alamgir'?
Answer:
Aurangzeb crowned himself in Delhi after defeating his brothers and imprisoned his father. He was given the title of Alamgir, meaning conqueror of the world. He was an orthodox God-fearing Muslim.
Explanation:
good luck
Why didn’t France and Britain accept as many German Jews as they might have ?
PLEASE HELP TIMED
Which of the following is an example of a centrifugal force within a nation?
efficient transportation and communications systems
a strong sense of nationalism
a separatist movement calling for independence
support for a single state-religion
cultural homogeneity
A separatist movement calling for independence is an example of a centrifugal force within a nation.
What is centrifugal force within a nation?"Centrifugal forces" are internal forces that try to split a nation apart. They are more prevalent in larger states, particularly those where there are several competing ethnicities for power and/or self-determination.
Religious divisions can exert a powerful centrifugal pull on a nation. Separatist movements like those of the Kurds in Turkey or the Sikhs in India may result from these divisions.
Different political ideologies, a lack of a common language, religion, the aftermath of tragedies, war, the plight of ethnic minorities, weak governments, tyranny, religious persecution, political parties, income inequality, and the minimum wage are all examples of centrifugal forces.
The intense love and loyalty for one's country, or nationalism, is another potent centripetal force that can foster unity among the public.
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hich of these groups was most consistently opposed to the vietnam war by the late 1960s? a.fathers b.hippies c.doctors d.professors
The group most consistently opposed to the Vietnam War by the late 1960s was the "hippies." Which is option B.
How were hippies opposed to the Vietnam War?Among the options provided, the group that was most consistently opposed to the Vietnam War by the late 1960s was the "hippies." The counterculture movement of the 1960s, which included many young people who identified as hippies, vehemently opposed the Vietnam War.
They organized protests, demonstrations, and acts of civil disobedience to express their dissent and advocate for an end to the war. The hippie movement was characterized by anti-establishment sentiments, a rejection of traditional values, and a focus on peace, love, and nonviolence, which made them particularly critical of the Vietnam War and its perceived injustices.
While individuals within other groups such as doctors, professors, and even some fathers also opposed the war, the hippies were notable for their widespread and consistent opposition to the conflict.
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how did the introduction of large numbers of turks affect the islamic world?
The introduction of large numbers of Turks had a significant impact on the Islamic world in various aspects. One of the most notable impacts was the Turkic migrations and subsequent Turkic empires that shaped political, social, and cultural dynamics across a vast region.
Firstly, the arrival of Turks led to the establishment of powerful Turkic empires such as the Seljuks, Khwarazmians, and Ottomans. These empires played crucial roles in expanding the reach of Islam, exerting political control, and shaping the geopolitical landscape of the Islamic world.Secondly, the Turkic influence influenced the sociocultural fabric of the Islamic world. The Turks brought their own languages, traditions, and customs, which blended with local cultures, leading to the emergence of new hybrid cultures.
Additionally, the introduction of large numbers of Turks influenced the military and administrative structures of Islamic societies. Turkish military elites, known as Mamluks, played significant roles in various Islamic states, serving as military slaves and later as ruling elites. Overall, the influx of Turks into the Islamic world brought about significant political, cultural, and sociocultural changes. The rise of Turkic empires, the fusion of Turkish and local cultures, and the influence of Turkish military elites left a lasting imprint on the history and development of the Islamic world.
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Write an example of having the right to bear arms
Answer:
In many states in America, such as Texas, people are allowed by the law to bear arms. In other words to carry guns.
An indictment is a __________. a. formal charge against the accused b. formal announcement of a mistrial c. formal plea bargain d. formal announcement of a retrial please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Option A is correct. An indictment is a formal charge against the accused
An indictment is a proper allegation that an individual has carried out a wrongdoing. In locales that utilization the idea of lawful offenses, the most serious criminal offense is a crime; purviews that don't utilize the lawful offenses idea frequently utilize that of an indictable offense, an offense that requires a prosecution
The formal charge archives utilized by Texas courts to advise the respondent of the supposed criminal way of behaving are the data and the prosecution. The authority record used to charge crimes is a indictment. An excellent jury should choose whether to prosecute a suspect. There are twelve individuals on the great jury.
The examiner should persuade nine regarding the twelve thousand legal hearers that there is adequate proof to arraign the respondent to get a prosecution. It is alluded to as a "true-bill." A "no-bill" emerges once the investigator neglects to get nine votes. However, once more, the investigator can attempt assuming the indictment is no-charged.
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Which of the following is NOT a requirement for being able to vote in Texas?
a.
must be 18 years or older
b.
must be a U.S. citizen
c.
must be a resident of the state for 30 days before an election
d.
must register to vote at least 14 days before an election
Answer:
d.
Explanation:
i've done it in school and i got it right
Why did civilizations first arise along the Fertile Crescent?
A. Animals in this area were very fertile.
B. The region had natural stones and metals for making tools.
O c. The fertile soil led to crop production.
O D. Ancient people believed women were more fertile there.
Answer:
Explanation:
Oi
Thi battle in preent day charlotte N. C. Caued the Britih to retreat to Yorktown, Virginia
Thi battle in present day charlotte N. C. Caued the British to retreat to Yorktown, Virginia because Franco-American siege exhausted the British army's supplies of food and ammunition.
What led to the British capitulation at Yorktown?The British army's supplies of food and ammunition were depleted during the Franco-American siege. With no chance of escape, Cornwallis signed the Articles of Capitulation of Washington at Moore House on October 18, 1821, accepting their terms.
French vessels are waiting for the Royal Navy at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay as they attempt to sail up the Bay to Cornwallis. The British fleet is soundly defeated in this conflict, known as the Battle of the Capes, and is compelled to evacuate Cornwallis's forces at Yorktown. 28 September.
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complete question?
Thi battle in preent day charlotte N. C. Caued the Britih to retreat to Yorktown, Virginia becasue of what?
what goals did eisenhower express in the speech
Answer:
In his “Atoms for Peace” speech before the United Nations General Assembly on December 8, 1953, President Eisenhower sought to address the perilous balance that resulted from nuclear power resting in the hands of not only the United States and its allies, but also the Soviet Union at the dawn of the Cold War.
Please give me brainliest
evaluate the extent to which monumental art and architecture were utilized to legitimize political authority in land based empires during the 1450 1750 time period
The monumental art and architecture were utilized to legitimize political authority in land -based empires during the 1450 1750 time period by building large scale monuments and architecture and erecting portraits of the ruler.
During the 1450-1750 period, one means of legitimizing political authority is land-based empires was to use monumental art and architecture. Numerous big monuments were constructed to relay the message that rulers are more powerful and wealthy than the common man. They would also make people live in the architecture the constructed to make them aware of their power. They used art to legitimize their power by erecting portraits of the ruler everywhere as well as making people hang them in their houses.
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for this thesisAncient Indian system was mainly based on trading, agriculture and more specifically spices exports. The society was also divided according to the classes and genders, however each was given their respective tasks and responsibility for the society. These society and standards of ancient indian paved the nowaday society foundations.
Can you write an paragraph how the ancient indian society influence today society.
India is the planet's largest, oldest, and -- if you exclude the 19th and 20th centuries -- wealthiest civilization. The numerous ways in which Indian brilliance manifested itself and the fact that the language they spoke was so logically sound encouraged critical thought about the basic unity that underlies humanity's variety are the two factors that account for ancient Indian history's effect on the modern world.
More than twice as wealthy as the rest of the world combined up until the 17th century was India. Science, medicine, arithmetic, philosophy, theology, and astronomy are just a few of the disciplines that have their roots in India and have shaped modern civilization.
India is often referred to be the mother of history, the grandmother of stories, the cradle of human civilization, the birthplace of speech, and the origin of various languages.
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Place the following events in chronological order:
CAN PLEASE GET HELP WITH IT. I WILL MARK THE BRIANLIEST!
1.Texas is annexed by the United States
2.Mexican And U.S troops gather near the Texas-Mexico border.
3.The United States declared war on Mexico.
4.Mexico accepts a temporary peace settlement.
5.The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is singed.
Answer:
mnadcnjhxhbjjfrf3rhb1fr3b hceghj
Explanation:
The land involved in the Louisiana Purchase: Group of answer choices had been claimed by France from the 1600s until the United States acquired it included all of what is now Texas and the American Southwest was considered by Jefferson to be practically worthless, yet he did not want it to fall into British hands stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada and from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains
Answer:
What's your question?
Explanation:
what was an unintended consequence of the fugitive slave act
An unintended consequence of the Fugitive Slave Act was the intensification of the abolitionist movement and increased sympathy for enslaved individuals.
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was designed to facilitate the capture and return of escaped slaves to their owners. However, its strict enforcement and the harsh treatment of captured individuals led to a backlash among abolitionists and Northerners who opposed slavery. The act sparked outrage and sympathy for the plight of enslaved individuals, fueling the abolitionist movement and strengthening public sentiment against the institution of slavery.
Despite its intended purpose of enforcing the return of escaped slaves, the Fugitive Slave Act had the unintended consequence of galvanizing the abolitionist movement and increasing support for the cause of emancipation. The act's harsh enforcement and the stories of individuals being captured and returned to slavery helped to sway public opinion and contributed to the growing momentum for the abolition of slavery in the United States.
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How was the government of Japan changed after World War II?
A) The emperor was exiled from the country.
B) The people elected the government’s leaders.
C) Women were recruited to run government agencies.
D) Soldiers were banned from holding government positions.
Answer:
Soldiers were banned from holding government positions.
Explanation:
The change that occurred to government of Japan after World War II was that Soldiers were banned from holding government positions.
What was the aftermath of Japan surrender in 1945?After the World War II, the Allied forces occupied the nation and bringing drastic changes which disarmed Japan and dissolved its empire
Hence, its form of government changed to a democracy and its economy and education system reorganized and rebuilt.
Therefore, the Option D is correct.
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texas declared its independence from mexico in 1836. why wasn't it annexed to the united states until 1845? explain.
President Martin van Buren decided against annexing Texas following Texas' victorious fight of freedom against Mexico in 1836 because the Mexicans declared war.
Why did the United States not approve the annexation of Texas?Slavery was a factor in some people's opposition to Texas becoming a state. Texas was a slave state and therefore would have swung the scales in favor of slaves between free and slave states. The fear that elevating Texas into a state might spark war with Mexico was a second issue.
What were two reasons why the US was not justified in going to war with Mexico?Because of the stealing of land and the spread of enslavement under President James K. Polk, the United States' participation in the confrontation with Mexico was unwarranted.
What was the disagreement between the US and Mexico which led to war?The Nueces Strip boundary dispute between the United States and Texas was the spark for the Mexican-American War.
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Why did many people in Southeast Asia convert to Islam?
A
Citizens were banned from society if they did not convert.
B
Converts were offered both social and economic advantages.
C
Governments threatened military action against those who did not convert.
D
Those who agreed to convert were offered forgiveness of all personal debts.
What arguments does Beveridge give for the expansion of the American empire? (3)
"The Meaning of Empire", Beveridge gives three arguments for the expansion of the American empire.
1. Economic expansion: Beveridge argues that the expansion of the American empire is necessary for economic growth and prosperity. He believes that America's economy is built on capitalism and requires expansion into new markets in order to sustain growth and ensure the availability of resources.
2. Military superiority: Beveridge also argues that expansion is necessary to maintain America's military superiority and protect its national security interests. He believes that the acquisition of territories and the establishment of naval bases and military outposts around the world will help to safeguard America's strategic interests and protect its citizens from external threats.
3. Moral obligation: Lastly, Beveridge argues that America has a moral obligation to expand its empire and spread its values of democracy and freedom to other nations. He believes that America's unique political system and way of life are superior to those of other nations, and that it is America's duty to share these values with the rest of the world.
1) Spread of American values: Beveridge argues that expanding the American empire would allow the United States to promote its values, such as democracy and freedom, to other countries.
2) Economic benefits: Beveridge claims that expanding the American empire would lead to increased trade opportunities and economic growth for the United States.
3) Fulfilling a divine mission: Beveridge believed that the United States had a divine responsibility to spread its influence and ideals around the world, thereby fulfilling its manifest destiny.
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the main reason that the dixiecrats broke with truman in 1948 and formed their own party was his
The main reason that the Dixiecrats broke with Truman in 1948 and formed their own party was his stance on civil rights.
Truman had begun to push for civil rights legislation, which included anti-lynching laws and the desegregation of the armed forces. This was in stark contrast to the Southern Democrats who were vehemently opposed to any kind of integration or desegregation.
The Southern Democrats, also known as Dixiecrats, saw Truman's push for civil rights as a threat to their way of life and their beliefs. They saw it as an attack on the Jim Crow laws that allowed for segregation and discrimination against African Americans. This was a time when racial tensions were high and the Ku Klux Klan was still active in many parts of the country.
In response to Truman's push for civil rights, the Dixiecrats broke away from the Democratic Party and formed their own party, the States' Rights Democratic Party, which was primarily made up of white Southern Democrats. The party's main goal was to preserve segregation and maintain the status quo in the South.
This move had a significant impact on the 1948 presidential election, splitting the Democratic vote and paving the way for Republican candidate, Thomas Dewey, to make a strong showing. Truman ultimately won the election, but the split in the Democratic Party highlighted the deep divisions that existed within the party over civil rights.
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Predict what the Red Sea will look like in 100 million years. 9. Predict what the East Coast of the United States could look like in 100 million years.
In 100 million years, the Red Sea is expected to be significantly larger than it is today due to its location along a divergent plate boundary. The continuous movement of the African and Arabian plates apart will cause the Red Sea to widen and eventually form a new ocean basin.
The Red Sea's expansion is a gradual process, occurring at a rate of approximately 1-2 cm per year. Over millions of years, this slow movement will result in substantial changes. The widening rift valley will be filled with water, transforming into a deep oceanic basin. The sea floor will become more intricate and rugged, featuring new formations such as mid-ocean ridges and hydrothermal vents.
Additionally, the coastline of the Red Sea will undergo transformations due to rising and falling sea levels. This dynamic process will create new beaches, islands, and coral reefs, altering the physical appearance of the region.
Shifting our focus to the East Coast of the United States, significant changes are also expected to occur over the next 100 million years. The North American plate will continue to move westward, leading to the widening of the Atlantic Ocean and increasing the distance between the East Coast and Europe/Africa.
As the Atlantic Ocean expands, the Appalachian Mountains will gradually erode and flatten. This prolonged process will change the topography of the East Coast, gradually diminishing the prominence of the mountain range.
Furthermore, there is a possibility of a new subduction zone forming off the East Coast. Subduction zones arise when two tectonic plates collide, and one is forced beneath the other. If such a scenario unfolds, it could result in the creation of a new mountain range and a chain of active volcanoes in the region.
Lastly, sea level rise driven by global temperature increase will play a significant role in shaping the future of the East Coast. Melting polar ice caps will cause sea levels to rise by several meters. This rise in sea level will result in the flooding of low-lying areas, the formation of coastal wetlands, and the emergence of new barrier islands.
In summary, in 100 million years, the Red Sea is expected to be larger and transformed into a deep oceanic basin. The East Coast of the United States will move further away from Europe and Africa, causing the Atlantic Ocean to widen. The Appalachian Mountains will erode, and the region might witness the formation of a new subduction zone. Sea level rise will also reshape the East Coast, leading to the creation of new coastal features.
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The body of water connecting the Byzantine Empire to the lands of the Kievan Rus was the O North Sea. O Black Sea. O Danube River. O Mediterranean Sea.
The body of water connecting the Byzantine Empire to the lands of the Kievan Rus was the Black Sea. Option B is correct.
What was the Byzantine Empire?The Byzantine Empire was a powerful state that emerged after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Its capital was Constantinople (now Istanbul), a city that had been founded as Byzantium by the Roman emperor Constantine in 330 AD. The Byzantine Empire was the eastern half of the Roman Empire, and it lasted until its capture by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 AD.
Who were the Kievan Rus?The Kievan Rus was a powerful confederation of Slavic and Varangian (Viking) peoples that controlled much of modern-day Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine. Kiev, the capital of the Kievan Rus, was one of the largest and most prosperous cities in medieval Europe. The Kievan Rus was founded in the 9th century and lasted until the Mongol invasion in the 13th century.
The body of water that connected the Byzantine Empire to the lands of the Kievan Rus was the Black Sea. The Black Sea is a large body of water located between Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is connected to the Mediterranean Sea via the Bosporus and the Dardanelles, and it is connected to the Sea of Azov by the Kerch Strait.
Option B holds true.
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Millions of years ago, the ancestors of the modern horse were small
animals, only about 0.61 meters tall. We know this because
Answer:
Explanation:
The evolutionary lineage of the horse is among the best-documented in all paleontology. The history of the horse family, Equidae, began during the Eocene Epoch, which lasted from about 56 million to 33.9 million years ago. During the early Eocene there appeared the first ancestral horse, a hoofed, browsing mammal designated correctly as Hyracotherium but more commonly called Eohippus, the “dawn horse.” Fossils of Eohippus, which have been found in both North America and Europe, show an animal that stood 4.2 to 5 hands (about 42.7 to 50.8 cm, or 16.8 to 20 inches) high, diminutive by comparison with the modern horse, and had an arched back and raised hindquarters. The legs ended in padded feet with four functional hooves on each of the forefeet and three on each of the hind feet—quite unlike the unpadded, single-hoofed foot of modern equines. The skull lacked the large, flexible muzzle of the modern horse, and the size and shape of the cranium indicate that the brain was far smaller and less complex than that of today’s horse. The teeth, too, differed significantly from those of the modern equines, being adapted to a fairly general browser’s diet. Eohippus was, in fact, so unhorselike that its evolutionary relationship to the modern equines was at first unsuspected. It was not until paleontologists had unearthed fossils of later extinct horses that the link to Eohippus became clear.
4. The best definition of the COLD WAR is.
a cooperation between the world super-powers
b)world acceptance of communism
c)tension and hostility between the super-powers
d)armed conflict between the super-powers
Answer:
C
Explanation:
D is a tough one to get rid of. There wasn't armed conflict between the superpowers, but there were proxy wars. Egypt was armed by the Soviet Union and Israel by the United States. It was sort of like participating in a football match. You get rid of D only by stating that the conflict was not direct.
The superpowers did not have a policy of cooperation. A is utterly incorrect.
There was no acceptance of Communism. 2 wars (Korean Vietnam) were fought to contain communism. B is wrong
C is the correct answer.
Answer:
c)tension and hostility between the super-powers
Explanation:
The best definition of the COLD WAR is tension and hostility between the super-powers
how did the roman church respond to martin luther's reforms? explain three reforms hr brought to the church
Martin Luther's reforms, including justification by faith, the priesthood of all believers, and vernacular worship and Bible translation, sparked opposition from the Roman Church and resulted in the Protestant Reformation.
The Roman Church responded to Martin Luther's reforms with resistance and opposition, leading to the Protestant Reformation. Here are three key reforms that Martin Luther brought to the church:
1. Justification by Faith: Luther challenged the Catholic Church's teachings on salvation, particularly the practice of selling indulgences. He emphasized the concept of justification by faith alone, asserting that salvation comes through faith in God's grace rather than through the accumulation of good works or indulgences.
2. Priesthood of All Believers: Luther advocated for the idea that all believers have direct access to God and can interpret scripture for themselves, without the need for intermediary priests. He believed in the priesthood of all believers, highlighting the individual's personal relationship with God and the importance of personal faith.
3. Vernacular Worship and Bible Translation: Luther promoted the use of the vernacular language (such as German) in worship services and Bible translations. He translated the Bible into German, making it accessible to the common people and enabling them to engage with scripture directly. This emphasis on vernacular worship and Bible translation aimed to increase understanding and engagement with religious teachings.
These reforms challenged the authority and practices of the Roman Catholic Church and led to significant divisions within Christianity, ultimately shaping the landscape of Western Christianity and giving rise to Protestant denominations.
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