n outer space the density of matter is about one atom per cm3, mainly hydrogen atoms, and the temperature is about 2.3 k.

Answer:

Isotopes.

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, in chemistry, we defined isotopes as those atoms of the same element that eventually have the same amount of protons and electrons but different specific atomic masses which is also related with different amount of neutrons among atoms, that is why the atomic mass of an element corresponds to the average atomic mass of each isotope composing it.

Commonly, those isotopes are represented via the name of the element followed by its atomic mass, for instance carbon-14 which is widely used for dating. In such a way, for sodium-23, sodium-24 and sodium-31, we talk about the isotopes of sodium.

Best regards.

The concentration of the HCl solution needed to neutralise NaOH is 0.0432M

Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which acid and base react to form salt and water. Hydrogen (H⁺) ions and hydroxide (OH⁻ ions) react with each other to form water.

The strong acid and strong base neutralization have a pH value of 7.

The beaker gets warm which indicates that the reaction between acid and base is an exothermic reaction releasing heat energy into the surroundings.

Given,

Volume of NaOH = 54ml

Concentration of NaOH = 0.1 M

Volume of HCl = 125ml

Concentration of NaOH × Volume of NaOH = Concentration of HCl × volume of HCl

0.1 × 0.054 = Concentration of HCl × 0.125

Concentration of HCl = 0.0432 M

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The examples of science working model idea for science award are given below. They include solar powered car, water filtration system, wind turbine, etc.

Here are some ideas for science working models that could be considered for a science award:

Solar-powered car: Build a car that runs on solar power. You can use solar panels to collect energy from the sun and use it to power a small motor. This model can showcase the use of renewable energy sources and their benefits.

Water filtration system: Design a water filtration system that can purify dirty or contaminated water. You can use materials such as sand, gravel, and activated charcoal to create a filter that can remove impurities from water. This model can highlight the importance of access to clean water and the impact of water pollution.

Wind turbine: Create a miniature wind turbine that can generate electricity from wind energy. You can use a small motor and a fan to simulate wind and demonstrate how the turbine can convert the wind's energy into electrical power. This model can show how wind energy can be a viable alternative to traditional energy sources.

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Answer:

C)[D]/[ED] = 5.20

D)[D]/[ED] = 5.20

E)[D']_T = 1.495* 10 ^-7 M

F)[D'] / [ED']  = 0.0579

Explanation:

E = 250 nM =2.5* 10 ^-7 mol/L , T=298.15 K

Dissociation constant of K_D = 1.3 μM (1.3 *10 ^-6 M)

E + D ⇄ ED → K_a = [ED] / [D][E]   (association constant)

ED ⇄ E + D → K_D = [E][D] / [ED]  (dissociation constant)

C)

[E] =2.5*10^-7 mol/L

K_D = 1.3* 10^-6 M

K_D = [E][D] / [ED] → [D]/[ED] = K_D / [E]

= [D]/[ED] = 1.3* 10 ^-6 / 2.5 *10^-7

= 13/25 * 10

=130/25 = 5.20

[D]/[ED] = 5.20

D)

ΔG =RTln Kd

ΔG_2 for E and D = 1.987 * 298.15 * ln 1.3*10^-6

ΔG_2 592.454 * [ln 1.3 +ln 10^-6]

ΔG_1 = 592.424 [0.2623 - 13.8155]

ΔG_2 = -592.424 * 13.553

ΔG_1 = -8184.633 cal/ mol

ΔG_1 = -8184.633  * 4.18 J/mol = -34244.508 J?mol

ΔG_1 = -34.245 KL/mol

so, ΔG_2 = ΔG_1 - 10.5 KJ/mol

ΔG_2 = -34.245 - 10.5

ΔG_2 = -44.745KJ / mol

ΔG_2 =RT ln K_D

-44.745 *10^3

=8.314 *298.15 lnK_D

lnK_D' = - 44745 / 2478.81 g

ln K_D' = -18.051

K_D' = -18.051

K_D' = e^-18.051

[D]/[ED] = 5.20

E)

[E] = 2.5* 10 ^-7 mol/ L = a

K_D' = [E][D] / [ED']                                  E +D' → ED'

K_D' = a/2(x-(a/2) / (a/2)

KD' = x - a/2

=2.447 *10^-8 = (2.5/2) * 10^-7

x=2.447 * 10^-8 + 1.25 * 10^-7

x = 2.447 *10^-8 + 1.25 * 10 ^-7

x= 10^-7 [1.25 + 0.2447]

x = 1.4947 * 10^-7

[D']_T = 1.495* 10 ^-7 M

F)

K_D' = [E][D'] / [ED']

[D'] / [ED'] = KD' / [E]

[D'] / [ED'] = 1.447 *10^-8 / 2.5* 10^-7

[D'] / [ED'] = 0.5788 * 10^-1

[D'] / [ED']  = 0.0579

Explanation:

...

As per the standard data, the heat evolved during one mole of calcium carbonate decomposes is 177.8 KJ. Thus 15 g or 0.15 moles of calcium carbonate when decomposed will produce 26.67 KJ of heat.

Reaction enthalpy of a substance is the heat evolved or absorbed during a reaction. Reaction enthalpy is negative for an exothermic reaction and positive for an endothermic reaction.

Molar mass of calcium carbonate = 100 g.

no.of moles in 15 g = 15 /100 = 0.15 moles.

One mole or 100 g of calcium carbonate decompose to evolve 177.8 KJ according to the scientific record.

Thus, heat evolved by the decomposition of 0.15 moles is 0.15 × 177.8 KJ = 26.67 KJ.

Hence, the heat evolved during the decomposition of 15 g of calcium carbonate is 26.67 KJ.

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Answer:

screwdriver,fork,key,screw

Explanation:

the key is made of either copper or a different metttal or conducter just like the other objects are made of a semiconducting material

Answer:

electrical

Explanation:

they are working together

1. The % concentration is 20.7% and the molar concentration, Cm, is 1.5 M.

2. 7.8 grams of potassium sulfate will be formed.

3. 10.7 grams of ammonium chloride will be formed.

4. The volume of hydrogen gas that will be produced is 3.86 liters.

5. 21.43 grams of the 70% acetic acid is needed to prepare 500 grams of 3% acetic acid solution.

1. Mass of potassium sulfate = 1.5 moles * (174.26 g/mol) = 261.39 g

Mass of water (H₂O) = 1000 g

% = (mass of solute/mass of solution) x 100

% = (261.39 g / (261.39 g + 1000 g)) x 100

% ≈ 20.7%

Cm = moles of solute / volume of solution

Moles of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) = 1.5 moles

Volume of water (H2O) = 1000 g / (density of water) = 1000 g / 1 g/mL = 1000 mL = 1 L

Cm = 1.5 moles / 1 L

Cm = 1.5 M

2. The balanced equation for the reaction is:

H₂SO₄ + 2 KOH → K₂SO₄ + 2 H₂O

Molar mass of sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) = 98.09 g/mol

Moles of sulfuric acid = 10 g / 98.09 g/mol

Moles of sulfuric acid = 0.102 mol

Based on the mole ratio of the reaction, 0.102 moles of sulfuric acid will react to form 0.102 moles of potassium sulfate.

Molar mass of potassium sulfate = 174.26 g/mol

Mass of potassium sulfate = 0.102 mol x 174.26 g/mol

Mass of potassium sulfate ≈ 17.8 g

3. The balanced equation for the reaction is:

Molar mass of hydrochloric acid (HCl) = 36.46 g/mol

Moles of hydrochloric acid (HCl) = 7.3 g / 36.46 g/mol

Moles of hydrochloric acid ≈ 0.2 mol

Based on the mole ratio of the reaction, 0.2 moles of hydrochloric acid will react to form 0.2 moles of ammonium chloride.

Molar mass of ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) = 53.49 g/mol

Mass of ammonium chloride = 0.2 mol x 53.49 g/mol

Mass of ammonium chloride ≈ 10.7 g

4. The balanced equation for the reaction is:

Molar mass of zinc (Zn) = 65.38 g/mol

Moles of zinc = 13 g / 65.38 g/mol

Moles of zinc ≈ 0.199 mol

Based on the mole ratio of the reaction, 0.199 moles of zinc will react to produce 0.199 moles of hydrogen gas.

Volume of sulfuric acid = 30 g / (density of H₂SO₄ )

The density of H₂SO₄ is 1.84 g/mL

Volume of sulfuric acid  = 30 g / 1.84 g/mL

Volume of sulfuric acid ≈ 16.3 mL or 0.0163 L

Using the ideal gas law, the volume of hydrogen gas produced will be:

V = nRT / P

V = (0.199 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K))(273 K) / (1 atm)

V ≈ 3.86 L

5. Assuming that the concentrated original solution of acetic acid is 100% acetic acid (CH₃COOH).

Mass of acetic acid = 500 g x (3/100) = 15 g

The concentrated original solution, however, is 70% acetic acid.

70% acetic acid (mass) = 100% acetic acid (unknown mass)

0.7 * (unknown mass) = 15 g

Solving for the unknown mass:

unknown mass = 15 g / 0.7

unknown mass ≈ 21.43 g

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Answer:

The speed of the given electromagnetic wave is  3 x 10⁸ m/s.

Explanation:

Electromagnetic wave is a type of energy that is commonly known as light energy. The speed of light in air is about 3 x 10⁸ meters per second (m/s).

All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed which is equal to speed of light, approximately  3 x 10⁸ meters per second (m/s) through a vacuum or air.

Therefore, the speed of the given electromagnetic wave is  3 x 10⁸ m/s.

PART A: Approximately 2,887.23 grams of hydrochloric acid would be required to produce 80 grams of hydrogen gas.

PART B: Approximately 7.65 x 10^24 water molecules would be produced.

PART A: To determine the grams of hydrochloric acid required to produce 80g of hydrogen gas, we need to consider the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between aluminum (Al) and hydrochloric acid (HCl):

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

From the equation, we can see that for every 3 moles of hydrogen gas produced, 6 moles of hydrochloric acid are required. To calculate the grams of hydrochloric acid needed, we need to use the molar mass of HCl, which is approximately 36.46 g/mol. First, we convert the grams of hydrogen gas to moles using the molar mass of hydrogen (H₂), which is approximately 2.02 g/mol: 80 g H₂ * (1 mol H₂ / 2.02 g H₂) = 39.60 mol H₂

Since the mole ratio of HCl to H₂ is 6:3, we multiply the moles of hydrogen by the ratio: 39.60 mol H₂ * (6 mol HCl / 3 mol H₂) = 79.20 mol HCl

Finally, we convert the moles of HCl to grams using the molar mass of HCl: 79.20 mol HCl * (36.46 g HCl / 1 mol HCl) ≈ 2,887.23 g HCl

Therefore, approximately 2,887.23 grams of hydrochloric acid would be required to produce 80 grams of hydrogen gas.

PART B: To determine the number of water molecules produced in the reaction of 741 grams of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂), we need to consider the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:

Mg(OH)₂ → MgO + H₂O

From the equation, we can see that for every one mole of magnesium hydroxide, one mole of water is produced. To calculate the moles of magnesium hydroxide, we divide the given grams by the molar mass of Mg(OH)₂: 741 g Mg(OH)₂ * (1 mol Mg(OH)₂ / molar mass of Mg(OH)₂) = X mol Mg(OH)₂

The molar mass of Mg(OH)₂ can be calculated by adding the atomic masses of magnesium (Mg), oxygen (O), and hydrogen (H) together:

Mg: 24.31 g/mol

O: 16.00 g/mol

H: 1.01 g/mol

Molar mass of Mg(OH)₂ = (24.31 g/mol) + 2(16.00 g/mol) + 2(1.01 g/mol) = 58.33 g/mol

Substituting the values: 741 g Mg(OH)₂ * (1 mol Mg(OH)₂ / 58.33 g Mg(OH)₂) ≈ 12.70 mol Mg(OH)₂

Since the mole ratio of water to Mg(OH)₂ is 1:1, the number of water molecules produced is the same as the moles of Mg(OH)₂: 12.70 mol H₂O

To calculate the number of water molecules, we multiply the moles of H₂O by Avogadro's number, which is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol: 12.70 mol H₂O * (6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol) ≈ 7.65 x 10^24 molecules of water .Therefore, approximately 7.65 x 10^24 water molecules would be produced.

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Answer:

God

Explanation:

Answer:

ATP

Explanation :

Because the energy is released during the process of glycolysis in cellular respiration and then the molecule is captured by the energy carrying molecule which is the ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Answer:

1.674 x 10^-23 grams

Explanation:

Hydrogen-1 is called Protium

wikipedia

atomic mass of Protium is 1.00794 amu

sciencedirectcom

atomic mass of 10 Protiums is 10.0794 amu

10.0794 amu in grams is

1.6737236x10^-23 grams

LiAlH4 reagent can reduce aldehydes to primary alcohols, ketones to secondary alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters to primary alcohols, amides and nitriles to amines, epoxides to alcohols and lactones to diols.

LiAlH4 is a powerful reducing agent compared to sodium borohydride, NaBH4, since the Al-H bond is weaker and thus less stable than B-H bond.

Reduction of aldehydes or ketone to primary  and secondary alcohols:

Initially, a hydride ion is transferred onto the carbonyl carbon and the oxygen atom coordinates to the remaining aluminum hydride species to furnish an alkoxy tri hydro aluminate ion, which can reduce the next carbonyl molecule. Thus three of the hydride ions are used up in reduction. The reaction will be as follows :

    AlH4 + ROR   →  RHROH

Reduction of amides to amine:

Amides are converted to amines. The LAH reduction mechanism is slightly different from that depicted for esters. In iminium ion is formed during the reaction since nitrogen atom is relatively a good donor than oxygen atom. The reaction will be as follows:

RONR2 + AlH4 → RNR2

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

Hot air is less dense therefore it rises. Cold air is more closely packed therefore it is more dense. Less dense things rise while more dense things sink.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Think of it like an hot air balloon

Hot air makes it rise and cool air sinks it downwards

Answer:

i think the answer is A....

Explanation:

Igneous rocks (from the Latin word for fire) form when hot, molten rock crystallizes and solidifies. The melt originates deep within the Earth near active plate boundaries or hot spots, then rises toward the surface.

1. The standard cell potential for this reaction is 0.14 V.

2. The standard cell potential for this reaction is 0.46 V.

3. The reduction potential for Hg2+(aq) + 2e^- → Hg(l) is 0.79 V.

1. The half-reactions are:

Oxidation: Sn2+(aq) → Sn(s) + 2e^-

Reduction: Pt2+(aq) + 2e^- → Pt(s)

To balance the charges, we multiply the oxidation half-reaction by 2:

2Sn2+(aq) → 2Sn(s) + 4e^-

Now, we can combine the half-reactions to form the overall cell reaction:

2Sn2+(aq) + Pt2+(aq) → 2Sn(s) + Pt(s)

The cell notation for this reaction is:

Sn(s) | Sn2+(aq) || Pt2+(aq) | Pt(s)

To calculate the standard cell potential (E°), we can look up the reduction potentials for each half-reaction. The reduction potential for Pt2+(aq) + 2e^- → Pt(s) is typically listed as 0.00 V. The reduction potential for Sn2+(aq) + 2e^- → Sn(s) is -0.14 V. The standard cell potential is the sum of the reduction potentials:

E° = E°(reduction) - E°(oxidation)

E° = 0.00 V - (-0.14 V) = 0.14 V

2. The half-reactions are:

Oxidation: Co2+(aq) → Co(s) + 2e^-

Reduction: Cr3+(aq) + 3e^- → Cr(s)

To balance the charges, we multiply the reduction half-reaction by 2:

2Cr3+(aq) + 6e^- → 2Cr(s)

Now, we can combine the half-reactions to form the overall cell reaction:

Co2+(aq) + 2Cr3+(aq) + 6e^- → Co(s) + 2Cr(s)

The cell notation for this reaction is:

Co(s) | Co2+(aq) || Cr3+(aq) | Cr(s)

To calculate the standard cell potential (E°), we look up the reduction potentials for each half-reaction. The reduction potential for Co2+(aq) + 2e^- → Co(s) is typically listed as -0.28 V. The reduction potential for Cr3+(aq) + 3e^- → Cr(s) is -0.74 V. The standard cell potential is the sum of the reduction potentials:

E° = E°(reduction) - E°(oxidation)

E° = -0.28 V - (-0.74 V) = 0.46 V

3. The half-reactions are:

Oxidation: Cr2+(aq) → Cr(s) + 2e^-

Reduction: Hg2+(aq) + 2e^- → Hg(l)

The balanced overall cell reaction is:

Cr2+(aq) + 2Hg2+(aq) + 4e^- → Cr(s) + 2Hg(l)

The cell notation for this reaction is:

Hg(l) | Hg2+(aq) || Cr2+(aq) | Cr(s)

To calculate the standard cell potential (E°), we look up the reduction potentials for each half-reaction. The reduction potential for Cr2+(aq) + 2e^- → Cr(s) is typically listed as -0.91 V.

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The substances that undergo a chemical reaction are known as reactants, whilst the chemicals that are produced are known as products.

The 5 primary types of chemical reactions are:

Through a physical transition, the shape or form of the material changes, but the type of substance it contains does not. However, when there is a chemical shift, the nature of the matter changes, and at least one new material with novel features is produced. The transition between physical and chemical states cannot be bridged in a straight line.

Writing a balanced chemical equation has the goal of explaining the resulting products and reactants (end results). The ratios in which they respond allow you to calculate how many reactants you require and how many products you can produce.

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Answer:

1 mol. = 0.169 mol He.

Redo

Explanation:

if the experiment is been done twice or more and if gives the same answer the experiment is verified

The following statement is true concerning the results of the Human Genome Project:

The Human Genome Project has raised many complicated ethical issues.

What is Human Genome?

The human genome refers to the complete set of genetic information (DNA) present in human cells. It includes both the protein-coding and non-coding regions of DNA. The human genome is made up of about 3 billion base pairs and is organized into 23 pairs of chromosomes. The study of the human genome is an important field of genetics and has many implications for understanding human biology, evolution, and disease.

The Human Genome Project was a scientific research project that aimed to identify and map all the genes in the human genome, which contains all the genetic information needed for human development and function. The project was completed in 2003 and provided a wealth of information about the structure and function of the human genome, including the location and sequence of all human genes.

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Answer:

molarity of Cl⁻ ions = 5.0 M

Explanation:

The molarity of a solution expresses the amount in moles of a solution present in a litre of solvent. Its unit is mol/L or mol/dm³ written as M.

MgCl₂ when dissolved to form an aqueous solution dissociates into positive and negative ions, Mg²⁺and Cl⁻ ions.

Equation of the dissociation of MgCl₂ in aqueous solution is given below:

MgCl₂(aq) -----> Mg²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq)

1 mole of aqueous MgCl₂ produces 2 moles of chloride ions, Cl⁻

Molar concentration of MgCl₂(aq) = 2.5 M

Molarity of chloride ions = number of moles of Cl⁻ ions * molarity of MgCl₂

molarity of Cl⁻ ions = 2 * 2.5 M

molarity of Cl⁻ ions = 5.0 M

Answer:

1170855 mg

Explanation:

Answer:

Z = 1 - a/VRT

Explanation:

Note :

Compressibility Factor, Z = PV / RT

Vander waal forces at Lower pressure is represented by the expression :

V[P + a/V²] = RT

Aim is to move PV /RT =Z to one side of the equation.

Using change of subject :

opening the bracket :

PV + aV / V² = RT

PV + a/V = RT

Divide through by RT

PV/RT + a/VRT = RT/RT

PV/RT + a/VRT = 1

Recall:

PV /RT = Z

equation becomes :

Z + a/VRT = 1

Subtract a/VRT from both sides

Z + a/VRT - a/VRT = 1 - a/VRT

Z = 1 - a/VRT

Answer:

search on YT Khan academy work done by gravity

Explanation:

you will get it for sure with best explanation

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The amount of energy it takes to break a bond is always less than the amount of energy released when the bond is formed.

This is because when a bond is broken, the energy that was used to form the bond is released, leading to an overall decrease in energy. This energy released is referred to as bond energy.

Bond energy is a measure of the energy stored in the bond between two atoms. It is the energy required to break the bond and form two separate atoms. Bond energy is released when a bond is formed, resulting in an overall decrease in energy.

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The amount of energy it takes to break a chemical bond is equal to the amount of energy released when the same bond is formed.

Bond dissociation energy and bond formation enthalpy are two important concepts in chemical bonding. Bond dissociation energy is the amount of energy required to break a bond between two atoms in a gaseous state, while bond formation enthalpy is the energy released when the same bond is formed.

These two energies are equal and opposite in nature, meaning that the amount of energy required to break a bond is equal to the amount of energy released when the bond is formed. This relationship is important for understanding the stability of chemical bonds and the energy changes that occur during chemical reactions.

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