Read the following statement by Napoleon Bonaparte and determine to whom it is referring, "“My decision to destroy the authority of the blacks in Saint Domingue (Haiti) is not so much based on considerations of commerce and money, as on the need to block for ever the march of the blacks in the world.” – Napoleon Bonaparte

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

He is referring to blacks who lived in Haiti, French colony

Explanation:

The question refers to the statement given by Napoleon Bonaparte while his army was fighting against a band of slaves in Haiti.


Related Questions


CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE CHALLENGES OF AFRICAN POLITICS IN A
MODERN ERA?

Answers

African politics in the modern era faces a range of significant challenges that hinder political stability, socio-economic development, and good governance.

One major challenge is the persistence of corruption, which undermines public trust in government institutions and diverts resources away from public welfare. Corruption stifles economic growth, exacerbates inequality, and perpetuates a culture of impunity.

Another challenge is the prevalence of ethnic and tribal divisions within African societies. Ethnic politics often lead to identity-based conflicts, as politicians exploit ethnic affiliations for personal gain. These divisions hinder national unity and impede the formation of inclusive political systems that cater to the diverse needs of all citizens.

Furthermore, weak democratic institutions and a lack of respect for the rule of law pose significant challenges. Many African countries experience limited political freedoms, restricted media, and inadequate checks and balances on executive power. These factors contribute to a lack of transparency and accountability, making it difficult for citizens to hold their leaders accountable and ensuring that the democratic process is truly representative.

Moreover, economic disparities and high levels of poverty exacerbate political challenges. The lack of equitable distribution of resources creates grievances and social unrest, leading to political instability. Inadequate provision of basic services, such as education and healthcare, further deepens social inequality and weakens the social contract between citizens and the state.

Additionally, external influences, such as neo-colonialism, geopolitical interests, and interference in domestic affairs, also present challenges to African politics. These external factors can manipulate internal dynamics, exacerbate conflicts, and undermine the sovereignty of African nations.

In conclusion, African politics in the modern era faces a multitude of challenges, including corruption, ethnic divisions, weak institutions, economic disparities, and external influences. Addressing these challenges requires a concerted effort from African leaders, civil society organizations, and the international community. Effective governance, inclusive politics, economic reforms, and capacity-building initiatives are crucial for overcoming these obstacles and creating a stable, prosperous, and democratic future for the continent.

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What are three ways Native American lives were changed due to the arrival of the European Settlers?

Answers

Death from diseases, lack of food, like each other.

Answer:

Diseases that they had no immunity to, horses for transportation, and enslavement.

Explanation:

The diseases that they had no immunity to killed them off easier. Fellow Europeans were already immune to these diseases.The horses that were brought allowed the Native Americans to have better transportation to hunt. For example, for nomadic/hunting tribes, chasing after their prey became easier because they could move faster. The European Settlers were interested in harvesting sugar in the West Indies. Sugar was a plantation crop, that required slaves to work endlessly. As more and more slaves died due to the horrible conditions, more and more Native Americans were used as slaves (as well as slaves that were transported from Africa).

Hoped this helped!

Misha’s neighbor does not pack his leaves into bags in the fall and get rid of them like the rest of the neighborhood. Instead, he takes the leaves, spreads them in a large section of his garden, sprays them with water, and then keeps them there all winter long. In the summer, Misha’s neighbor has some of the biggest vegetables in town. What is one possible explanation for this? A. The decaying leaves help to form silt in his garden. B. The leaves help keep the soil from turning into loam. C. The leaves change the soil into saline soil which helps plants grow. D. The decaying leaves help to make the soil richer.

Answers

The town's largest vegetables are grown by Misha's neighbour. The leaves help prevent the soil from becoming loam, which is one explanation that has been proposed for this.

Between loam and loamy soil, what's the difference?

Due to its lack of nutrients, moisture, and humus, sandy soil is less fertile than loamy soil, which is the main distinction between the two types of soil.

In horticulture, what is loam?

An excellent soil for growing plants is called loam soil. It is essentially a composite soil, typically composed in equal amounts of clay, silt, and sand, which provides the advantages of each with few drawbacks.

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Where was Fort Supply located?

Answers

it was located at Oklahoma 73841

20 POINTS HELP ASAP!! Which of these was a primary reason Chinese immigrants came to the United States in the early 1850s? A) To purchase inexpensive farmland. B) To avoid a plague. C) To escape religious persecution. D) To seek gold

Answers

Answer:

to seek gold

Explanation:

Answer:to seek gold

Explanation:

Yellow Journalism was

A) the term for cowardly journalists during the Spanish American War
B) sensationalized newspaper reports that led to U.S. involvement in the Spanish American War
C) the term for journalists that criticized the Spanish American War
D) the term for journalist who refused to cover the Spanish American War

Answers

The answer is C hope this helps

What three American policies were opposed by Osama Bin Laden?

Answers

Osama bin Laden the originator of the terrorist group Al- Qaeda opposed several programs of the United States including its military presence in Muslim countries its support for Israel & its profitable warrants against Iraq.

Bin Laden believed that the U.S. military presence in Muslim countries similar as Saudi Arabia and Iraq was an poke to Islam and an attempt to ply control over Muslim lands.

He also opposed U.S. support for Israel which he saw as an enwrapping force in Palestine & believed that the profitable warrants against Iraq were causing suffering and death among innocent civilians.

Bin Laden used these programs as a defense for his attacks on the United States and its abettors .

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During a tensile test, the measured values of force versus elongaon are dependent on specimen geometry, making comparisons between samples of different sizes difficult to perform. True or false?

Answers

True. During a tensile test, the measured values of force versus elongation are dependent on the specimen geometry. This makes comparisons between samples of different sizes difficult to perform, as the geometry can influence the results.

Specimen geometry refers to the physical shape and dimensions of a sample or specimen that is being studied in a scientific or engineering context. It is an important factor in many experiments, as the geometry of the specimen can have a significant influence on its mechanical, electrical, thermal, or optical properties. The geometry can vary widely depending on the nature of the study and can include shapes such as cylinders, plates, spheres, cubes, and more complex geometries. Accurately measuring and controlling the geometry of a specimen is crucial for obtaining meaningful and reproducible results in many fields, such as materials science, physics, and biomechanics. Advances in technology have enabled more precise measurement and manipulation of specimen geometry, leading to more accurate and insightful experimental results.

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Zebulon Pike Explored lands in Texas that were unknown to most Americans and we’re not yet a part of US territory which reason explains why his explorations were important?

Answers

led an expedition to explore the headwaters of the Arkansas and Red Rivers and to report on Spanish settlements in the New Mexico area.

who created the garden
of eden​

Answers

God created the Garden of Eden for Adam and Eve

I need some help!
Children were shipped to____ to be slaves.
1. Athens
2. Rome
3. Alexandria

Answers

Answer: rome

Explanation:

The state of Georgia's first attempt at a constitutional government was initiated in 1776 by the Provincial congress called by the Georgia Trustees in response to mass meetings held throughout the colony. this document would be the transition framework as Georgia moved from colony to state. true or false

Answers

True.

Georgia's first attempt at constitutional government was initiated in April 1776 by the Provincial Congress called by the Georgia Trustees in response to a series of mass meetings held throughout the colony. This document provided a framework for the transition from colony to state.

The rust that appears on steel surfaces is iron(III) oxide. If the rust found spread over the surfaces of a steel swingset frame contains a total of 2.704 1023 oxygen atoms; how many grams of rust are present on the swingset frame

Answers

The mass of rust present on the swingset frame is approximately equal to 1.438 × 10²⁵ grams.

To determine the mass of rust present on the swingset frame, we need to calculate the number of moles of iron(III) oxide (rust) and then convert it to grams using the molar mass.

The chemical formula of iron(III) oxide is Fe₂O₃, indicating that for every 2 iron atoms (Fe), there are 3 oxygen atoms (O). From the given information, we know that there are 2.704 × 10²³ oxygen atoms present in the rust.

We can use the ratio of oxygen atoms to iron(III) oxide to find the number of moles of rust;

3 moles of O atoms = 1 mole of Fe₂O₃

So, we have;

2.704 × 10²³ O atoms × (1 mole Fe₂O₃ / 3 moles O atoms)

= (2.704 × 10²³) / 3 moles of Fe₂O₃

Next, we need to calculate the molar mass of Fe₂O₃. The atomic masses of iron (Fe) and oxygen (O) are approximately 55.85 g/mol and 16.00 g/mol, respectively.

Molar mass of Fe₂O₃ = (2 × 55.85 g/mol) + (3 × 16.00 g/mol)

= 159.70 g/mol

Now we can calculate the mass of rust (Fe₂O₃) using the number of moles:

Mass of Fe₂O₃ = Number of moles × Molar mass

= [(2.704 × 10²³) / 3] × 159.70 g/mol

Mass of Fe₂O₃ = 2.704 × 10²³ × 159.70 / 3 g

Therefore, the mass of rust is approximately equal to 1.438 × 10²⁵ grams.

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What two places did the USSR & the US disagree about what to do with at the start of the Cold War?​

Answers

The main conflicts between the USSR and the US that caused the Cold War are tensions from the end of WW2, the emergence of nuclear weapons, differences in ideology, and the spread of communism around the globe (the US was determined to stop the spread of communism).

a mini biography for Aristotle

Answers

Answer:

Aristotle was born in the little village of Stagira in 384 B.C. He was raised as an orphan after his parents died when he was still a child. Though little is known about Aristotle's early years, the occupation of his father, Nicomachus, did have a significant influence on his development.   Aristotle entered Plato's Academy at the age of eighteen and quickly rose to the position of indisputable top pupil. He stayed there for almost twenty years. Despite his criticisms of Plato's beliefs, Aristotle was always careful to acknowledge his debt to his former master and stress the common ground that they shared. Aristotle left Athens after Plato's death in 347 B.C. and traveled for several years, participating in various intellectual groups in Assos and Lesbos. He was asked to tutor Philip's son, the future Alexander the Great, in 343 B.C. He worked with Alexander for three years, primarily teaching standard courses like rhetoric and poetry. Aristotle returned to Athens shortly after Philip's death in 336 B.C., where he built the Lyceum. It was here that he undertook his most important work, and many of his surviving writings were based on lectures prepared for the school.  His greatest achievement is generally considered to be the syllogism, which helped to launch the field of logic. Aristotle died in 322 B.C., having contributed more to Western knowledge than any other individual ever had before or has had since.

Explanation:

This is as small as i could make it

1. What major trend occurred to the population of the United States during the industrial expansion of
the late 19th century?

Answers

Answer:

please mark brainliest!

Explanation:

farm population increased.

Answer:

Urbanization increased

How did tribes respond to the cattle trails that crossed their lands? In a short paragraph, explain the strategies that tribes used to try to control and profit from cattle drives.

Answers

Answer:

Put this for help

Explanation:

"Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: As ranchers and cowboys drove cattle across the Indian Territory to Kansas, tribes first attempted to earn money by taxing cattle that crossed their lands. However, these taxes were difficult to collect, as many ranchers refused to pay for the right to use American Indian lands. Tribes also tried to create regulations that would control cattle drives. They were motivated to stop the spread of Texas fever and keep their own herds from having to compete with grazing herds headed for Kansas. Finally, many tribes began to make money by leasing land to ranchers for grazing. Many of these lands were located in southwestern Indian Territory or along the Kansas border."

What does Buddhism
promise people?
A. They will stop having problems.
B. They will have economic success.
C. They will get out of suffering.

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Buddhism offers people an escape from the cycle of death and rebirth they call samsara. There can can break the mortal cycle of suffering and reach nirvana.

Buddhism preaches that people suffering in their life is a fact of life. They also promote asceticism which is the opposite of economic success.

what does Clemenceau think about the treaty of Versailles

Answers

Clemenceau liked the harsh things that were in the Treaty, especially reparations, because they would harm Germany. He liked the tiny German army, and the demilitarised zone in the Rhineland, because he though that this would protect France from attack in the future. ... But he wanted the Treaty to be harsher.

the velvet revolution was: the mass organization of middle-class african-american men in washington D.C.

Answers

The fall of communism in Eastern Europe was known as the Velvet Revolution.

What was the Velvet Revolution?The Velvet Revolution, which took place in November and December of 1989, brought an end to more than 40 years of the communist government in Czechoslovakia.Eastern Europe experienced an uprising against the communist government in 1989.In order to overthrow the communist dictatorship, Czechoslovakia underwent the nonviolent Velvet Revolution.Czech students gathered outside on October 28, 1939, Czechoslovak Independence Day, to demonstrate against the Nazi occupation.The demonstration was violently put down.The result of the Velvet RevolutionThrough a nonviolent, popular revolt against a repressive government, the Czechoslovak Velvet Revolution of 1989 sparked the democratic process in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. For this revolution to succeed, civic society and grassroots movements were crucial.As a result, Czechoslovakia's 41-year one-party dictatorship came to an end, the command economy was dismantled, and a parliamentary republic was established.

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According to the text, what made the Constitution so
popular? In what ways did the government outlined in
the Constitution differ from the kind of government
people were used to?

Answers

Answer:

People were used to monarchies and total control by the kingdom this new constitution really showed and expressed freedom for everyone you could really do anything and express anything you want freedom of speech everything was equal nobody had total power or control the average person could choose who they put in office or power

Explanation:

why was immigration which had been part of american experience for many generations, seen as such a great threat to american identity and culture in the prosperous 1920s

Answers

Because of their fear of communism, Americans no longer desired foreign nationals.

Why did people immigrate to America in the 1920s?

During the colonial era, which spanned the first half of the 19th century and the years 1880 to 1920, the United States experienced significant influxes of immigrants. Many immigrants came to the United States in search of better economic opportunities, while others, like the Pilgrims at the beginning of the 16th century, came in search of religious liberty. From the seventeenth to nineteenth hundreds of years, countless subjugated Africans came to America despite their desire to the contrary. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was the first significant piece of federal legislation restricting immigration. Before Ellis Island, the nation's first federal immigration station, opened in 1892, individual states regulated immigration. New regulations in 1965 finished the standard framework that leaned toward European migrants, and today, most of the country's settlers hail from Asia and Latin America.

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nobel laureate simon kuznets, who did significant work on national income accounts in the 1930s, said that the welfare of a nation can scarcely be inferred from a mea-surement of national income. would you agree with him? why or why not?

Answers

Yes, we agree with Nobel laureate Simon Kuznets, who did significant work on national income accounts in the 1930s, said that the welfare of a nation can scarcely be inferred from a measurement of national income.

Simon Kuznets, the 1934 Nobel laureate who said that "the welfare of a nation can scarcely be inferred from a measurement of national income," probably had no idea that the term "gross domestic product" (GDP) would still be used to denote prosperity and well-being in the third decade of the twenty-first century.

GDP was created by Kuznets as a tool for gauging the effects of the Great Depression. It allowed governments to keep track of any changes in their country's wealth as measured by the value of the goods and services produced, and its significance grew as nations calculated the price of fighting the Second World War.

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1. Who was the President that ran a campaign on not joining the war but then got elected and almost immediately joined the war? (10 Points) O Harry S. Truman Woodrow Wilson O Ulysses S. Grant wiliam Howard Taft​

Answers

Answer:

Correct answer is Woodrow Wilson.

Explanation:

Wilson was a president of United States for two terms. Before the second term he even was using the slogan in his campaign that he kept the country out of war. As soon as the second term started United States entered the war.

Truman is not correct as became the president during WW2 when US will already involved.

Grant became a president after Civil War.

Taft was president before Wilson and WW1.

What do historians mean by "universalizing empires"? discuss two ways either imperial rome or han dynasty china fit this definition.

Answers

Universalizing empires aimed to create a sense of unity and order across diverse territories, often through religion or ideology, as seen in Rome's Latin language and Han China's Confucianism.

Historians use the term "universalizing empires" to refer to empires that exerted their power and influence over a vast geographical area and diverse peoples, and sought to establish a universal order based on shared culture, religion, language, and political institutions.

The Roman Empire is a prime example of a universalizing empire. One way in which it fit this definition was through the spread of Latin language and culture. The Romans imposed their language and culture on the territories they conquered, leading to the creation of a vast Latin-speaking population.

This helped to promote cultural unity and facilitated communication and trade across the empire. Another way in which Rome was a universalizing empire was through the spread of Roman law. Roman law became the basis for legal systems in many parts of the world and continues to influence legal systems today.

The Han dynasty of China also fits the definition of a universalizing empire. One way in which it achieved this was through the establishment of a centralized bureaucracy. The Han created a system of government that was based on meritocracy and allowed for social mobility. This system helped to unite the various regions of China and allowed for greater efficiency in governance.

Another way in which the Han was a universalizing empire was through the spread of Confucianism. Confucianism became the dominant philosophy in China and helped to promote moral and social order. The Han used Confucianism to create a common culture and value system throughout their empire, which helped to promote stability and unity.

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on the issue of slavery republicans defended the rights of

Answers

On the issue of slavery, Republicans defended the rights of free labor. The Republican Party, particularly during the mid-19th century, advocated for the rights and interests of free laborers in the North.

The option (D) is correct.

They supported policies that promoted the growth of industrialization, commerce, and the rights of workers. In relation to slavery, they opposed its expansion into new territories and sought to protect the rights of free laborers against the economic and social impacts of slavery.

Republicans argued that the institution of slavery threatened the livelihoods and opportunities for free laborers, as it created a system of forced labor that could undermine fair competition and wage rates.

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This question is not complete, Here I am attaching the complete question:

On the issue of slavery, Republicans defended the rights of:

A) industrialists.

B) the South.

C) slaves.

D) free labor.

E) slave owners

(Please Really need Help) Why did the battles of the civil war progressively wear down the South and continue to impact the south after the war?


A. Generals in the South drove soldiers harder than the Union in a very long war.

B. Most of the battles occurred in the South which took a toll on morale, lives, and resources.

C. The South won battles early in the war, but the North won the important battles in the end.

Answers

Answer:

C. I believe its' C

Explanation:

questionwhich border state's loyalty to the union was critical to keeping washington, d.c. from being surrounded by the confederacy?responsesdelawaredelawarekentuckykentuckywest virginiawest virginiamaryland

Answers

The border states loyalty to the union that was critical to keeping Washington, D.C. from being surrounded by the confederacy was West Virginia and Maryland, the correct option is (d).

During the American Civil War, the Confederacy sought to surround and isolate Washington, D.C., which was the capital of the Union. The border state loyalty of West Virginia and Maryland was critical in preventing this from happening. In the case of West Virginia, it was formed during the Civil War when a portion of Virginia split off from the Confederacy to stay with the Union. Maryland’s strategic location between Washington, D.C., and the Confederacy made it a key state in the Union's efforts to maintain control over the capital, the correct option is (d).

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The complete question is:

Which border state's loyalty to the union was critical to keeping Washington, d.c. from being surrounded by the confederacy? responses

a. Delaware

b. Delaware and Kentucky

c. Kentucky west and Virginia

d. West Virginia and Maryland

what prompted congress to pass the war powers resolution? question 16 options: rulings issued by the supreme court that banned deployment of us combat forces without declaration of war fears that renewed conflict in the middle east would require the united states to defend israel decisions made by the executive branch during the korean and vietnam wars

Answers

Answer: It's Answer Choice C

Explanation:

I just did the quiz and got it right.

Compare and contrast Mesopotamian and Egyptian societies, including religion, culture, economics, politics, and technology.

Answers

Mesopotamian and Egyptian societies, while both ancient civilizations that emerged in the same region, had distinct differences in their religion, culture, economics, politics, and technology.

Religion: Mesopotamian society had a polytheistic belief system with a pantheon of gods and goddesses. They believed in deities governing natural phenomena and assigned great significance to religious rituals and sacrifices. In contrast, Egyptian society had a polytheistic belief system centered around the worship of many gods and goddesses, with a particular emphasis on the pharaoh as a divine ruler.

Culture: Mesopotamian culture was characterized by its city-states, such as Sumer and Babylon, each with its own government and distinct cultural practices. They made significant contributions to literature, including the Epic of Gilgamesh. Egyptian culture, on the other hand, was centralized around the pharaoh and the concept of divine kingship. They developed a rich artistic tradition, including monumental architecture, hieroglyphic writing, and intricate burial practices like mummification.

Economics: Mesopotamian society was primarily agriculturally based, relying on the fertile land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers for farming. They also engaged in trade, utilizing the rivers for transportation. In contrast, Egyptian society heavily relied on the Nile River for agricultural productivity, which facilitated a surplus of food and allowed for the development of a more centralized economy.

Politics: Mesopotamian city-states had independent governments, each with its own ruler. They experienced frequent conflicts and wars over resources and territorial control. In contrast, Egyptian society was characterized by a more centralized political structure under the rule of the pharaoh, who was considered both a political and religious figure, governing over a unified kingdom.

Technology: Mesopotamian society made significant technological advancements, including the development of writing systems such as cuneiform and advancements in mathematics and astronomy. They also built impressive architectural structures like ziggurats. Egyptian society excelled in the field of engineering and construction, constructing monumental structures like the pyramids, temples, and intricate irrigation systems for agriculture.

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When having a customer pre-sales call, which aspects of the ngfw should be covered? Which statements are true regarding refraction? Check all that apply.a) Light bends towards the normal when entering a higher index of refractionb) Light bends towards the normal when entering a lower index of refractionc) Light bends away from the normal when entering a higher index of refractiond) Light bends away from the normal when entering a lower index of refraction you want to have $5,000 by the time you finish college in 3 years. how much money should you deposit each quarter for the next 3 years into an account paying 8% per year compounded quarterly so that you can have $5,000 when you finish college? a) $368.80 b) $372.80 c) $370.80 d) $369.80 e) $371.80 f) none of the above. A researcher is investigating a drug to prevent organ rejection; this drug selectively inhibits helper t cells. how would this help to prevent the rejection of a transplanted organ? Cool, dense air, from other places flows in to replace this warm air, which we feel as _________________. In the reaction 2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O, how many moles of oxygen are required to fully react with 6.0 mol of hydrogen?A) 1.0 molB) 2.5 molC) 3.0 molD) 7.5 mol Polynomial function f(x) has only 3 real roots. It has a root at 3 and a double root at 4. It has a y-intercept of 24. Which equation represents f(x) ? Write the word sentence as an inequality.A number w is greater than 3.The inequality is What is the surface area of this right rectangular prism?Enter your answer as a mixed number in simplest form by filling in the boxes. Describe your Teams ability to stay Organized by explaining atleast one strength and opportunity area for how you plan work andsupport each other. IWhat is the sale price of a stereo that normally sells for $250.00 and is on sale for 10% off? 4. Light energy is converted into chemical energy (glucose) through the process of (LT-12)A. cellular respiration B. fermentation C. glycolysis D. photosynthesis Which of the following is NOT an option to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of internally performed value chain activities?1. Adopt new technologies that spur innovation, improve design, and enhance creativity.2. Adopt best practices for quality, marketing, and customer service.3. Implement best practices throughout the company, particularly for high-cost activities.4. Insist on across-the-board cost cuts in all value chain activitiesthose performed by suppliers, those performed in-house, and those performed by distributors-dealers. A white dwarf, compared to a main sequence star with the same mass, would always be: larger in diameter/ smaller in diameter/ the same size in diameter/ younger in age/ less massiveWhich color star is likely to be the hottest? Red/ green/ blue During the 5.2 min a 4.5 A current is set up in a wire, how many (a) coulombs and (b) electrons pass through any cross section of the wire's width HELP!!!Define: Middle Ages A converging lens (f = 18.0 cm) is located 20.0 cm to the left a diverging lens (f = -25.0 cm). An object is placed 50.0 cm to the left of the converging lens.Calculate the position of the final image relative to the diverging lens.Give your answer to 1 decimal place.Note: if the 1st decimal place is a 0, canvas might auto-remove this but it will still be counted. Independent PracticeIn 2002, the price of mailing a letter was $.34 for the first ounce or part of an ounce and $.21 for each ounce or part of an ounce after the first ounce.Write a rule to describe the function. How much did it cost to mail a 4-ounce letter?A.f(x) = 0.21(x 1); $.63B.f(x) = 0.34 + 0.21x; $1.18C.f(x) = 0.34 + 0.21(x 1); $.97D.f(x) = 0.34x + 0.21(x 1); $1.99 please help youll earn 15 points! Refer to the following hypothetical transitional matrix of the general HR department in a large manufacturing organization. (1) Sales manager 95 .05 (2) Sales representative .05 .60 (3) Sales apprentice 1 .20 .50 (4) Assistant plant manager .90 .05 .05 (5) Production manager 10 75 15 (6) Production assembler - 10 .80 10 (7) Clerical 70.30 (8) Not in organization .00 20.50 .00 10 20 30 How many of the production managers employed in 2013 were promoted to the category of assistant plant manager in 2016?