Turn to the next page for question 4
Question 4: Kinetics (Total 15 Marks)
1-Chlorenentane was hydrolysed by an aqueous potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution.
KOH ->> CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH + Kafal
Peotan cah
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CI
JChloropentana
During the reaction, the reactant potassium hydroxide is used up. Samples of the
reaction mixture were drawn off at regular time intervals and analysed by titration with
standard hydrochloric acid to find out the concentration of potassium hydroxide.
The results are given in the table below:
Time / s
0
100
200
300
400
500
700
800
-3
Concentration of OH /mol dm
5
0.500
0.350
0.250
0.180
0.125
0.090
0.06
0.040
0.030

Plot a Concentration of OH- (mol dm-3) against Time (s) graph using the results given in the table above. Label the vertical and horizontal axes of the graph and include the unit/s. The graph MUST be hand drawn or plotted by hand.
Select 4 suitable points along your graph [see part (a)] and draw tangents to find the rates. Construct a table of “Rate” against “Concentration” (2 marks). The rates need to be calculated and the calculations shown (2 marks).

Plot a Rate against Concentration of OH- graph from your results from part (b). Label the vertical and horizontal axes of the graph and include the units. The graph MUST be hand drawn or plotted by hand.
From your graph drawn for part (c) deduce the ‘order of reaction’ with respect to the concentration of OH-, hydroxide ions.
Write a rate equation with respect to concentration of hydroxide ions.
Calculate the rate constant k from the gradient of the graph, drawn for part (c). Show your working.

At STP one mole of a gas contains 22.41 liters. Here, 36.05  g or 0.78 moles  of nitrogen dioxide will produce 0.78 moles of nitrogen gas and 1.56 moles of oxygen gas. Hence, total volume of gas produce is 52.3 liters.

STP condition is the condition at which the temperature is 298 K and pressure is 1 atm.

As per the given equation, 2 moles of nitrogen dioxide gives 2 moles of oxygen gas and one mole of nitrogen gas.

molar mass of NO₂ = 46 g/mol

no.of moles in 36.05 g = 28.04/46 = 0.78 moles.

0.78 moles of  NO₂ produce  1.56 moles of O₂ and 0.78  moles of  N₂.

volume of one mole at STP = 22.41 L.

then volume in 0.78 moles = 0.78 × 22.41 = 17. 47 L

volume of 1.56  moles of  O₂ = 1.56 × 22.41 = 34.9 L.

Then total volume = 52.37 L.

Therefore, 28.04 g of NO₂ gas will give a total volume of 41 L of gases.

Find more on STP condition:

brainly.com/question/14748919

#SPJ1

Answer:

(A) chlorine is an oxidizing agent in this reaction so it oxidize iodine and it itself is reduced

Explanation:

Cl2 oxi no. = 0 became Cl- oxi no. = -1

so it is reduced

I- oxi no. = -1 became I2 oxi no. = 0

so it oxidized

The given waste treatment methods, namely Venturi scrubbers, spray towels, and packed towers, are examples of absorption methods.

Absorption is a process in which one substance is dissolved or taken up by another substance. In the context of waste treatment, absorption involves the transfer of pollutants from a gas stream into a liquid stream.

Venturi scrubbers use a high-velocity liquid stream to capture and absorb pollutants from the gas stream. The liquid droplets produced by the scrubber collide with the pollutants, causing them to dissolve and become trapped in the liquid. Spray towers work in a similar way, but use a fine mist of liquid droplets to capture pollutants. Packed towers, on the other hand, contain a packing material that provides a large surface area for the liquid to contact the gas stream, promoting absorption.

In contrast, adsorption involves the attachment of pollutants to a surface, while dialysis involves the separation of substances using a semipermeable membrane, and filtration involves the physical separation of solids from liquids or gases. The given waste treatment methods are examples of absorption methods, specifically using liquids to absorb pollutants from gas streams.

Learn more about pollutants here:

https://brainly.com/question/29594757

#SPJ4

Answer:

2×10⁻⁴

Explanation:

Given data:

2.8 ×10⁻⁶ + 1.4×10⁻²

Solution:

2.8 ×10⁻⁶ + 1.4×10⁻²

2×10⁻⁶⁺²

2×10⁻⁴

Scientific notation is the way to express the large value in short form.

The number in scientific notation have two parts.

. The digits (decimal point will place after first digit)

× 10 ( the power which put the decimal point where it should be)

for example the number 6324.4 in scientific notation will be written as = 6.3244 × 10³

Answer:

YES!

Explanation:

The chemical symbols for three different atoms or atomic cations with 26 electrons are Fe, \(Co^+\), \(Ni^{2+}\)

Explanation:

So, from this, we can write chemical symbols for three different atoms or atomic cations with 26 electrons are Fe, \(Co^+\), \(Ni^{2+}\).

Learn more about ions here:

brainly.com/question/238050?referrer=searchResults

brainly.com/question/491497?referrer=searchResults

The specific heat of the metal is -0.185 J/g°C. This means that it takes 0.185 J of energy to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the metal by 1 degree Celsius. The negative sign indicates that the metal releases heat energy when its temperature decreases.

To find the specific heat of the metal, we can use the formula:

q = mcΔT

Where q is the heat energy released, m is the mass of the metal, c is the specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

First, let's calculate the change in temperature:

ΔT = final temperature - initial temperature

ΔT = 25.4°C - 50.8°C

ΔT = -25.4°C

The negative sign indicates that the temperature decreased.

Now, let's rearrange the formula and solve for c:

c = q / (mΔT)

Substituting the given values:

c = 118 J / (25 g * -25.4°C)
c = 118 J / (-635 g°C)

The specific heat of the metal is -0.185 J/g°C.

To know more about specific heat refer to this:

https://brainly.com/question/31608647

#SPJ11

Answer:

The specific heat of the metal is -0.185 J/g°C. This means that it takes 0.185 J of energy to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the metal by 1 degree Celsius.

The negative sign indicates that the metal releases heat energy when its temperature decreases.

To find the specific heat of the metal, we can use the formula:

q = mcΔT

Where q is the heat energy released, m is the mass of the metal, c is the specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

First, let's calculate the change in temperature:

ΔT = final temperature - initial temperature

ΔT = 25.4°C - 50.8°C

ΔT = -25.4°C

The negative sign indicates that the temperature decreased.

Now, let's rearrange the formula and solve for c:

c = q / (mΔT)

Substituting the given values:

c = 118 J / (25 g * -25.4°C)

c = 118 J / (-635 g°C)

The specific heat of the metal is -0.185 J/g°C.

To know more about "specific heat" visit:

brainly.com/question/31608647

#SPJ11

Answer:

Explanation:

Each share costs $36000/4500

= $8

800 shares will cost 800*8

= $6400

Find attached the journal

The value of ΔG at 298 K for a reaction mixture containing 1.9 atm N2, 1.6 atm H2, and 0.65 atm, the answer is (a) -3.86 × 10^3.

NH3 can be calculated using the equation:

ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln(Q)

where ΔG is the standard Gibbs free energy change, ΔG° is the standard Gibbs free energy change at standard conditions, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and Q is the reaction quotient.

In this case, we are given ΔG° as -33.3 kJ/mol. To calculate Q, we need to use the partial pressures of the gases in the reaction mixture. The reaction stoichiometry tells us that the ratio of the partial pressures of N2, H2, and NH3 is 1:3:2. Therefore, we can write:

Q = (P(NH3))^2 / (P(N2) * P(H2)^3)

Plugging in the given values of P(N2) = 1.9 atm, P(H2) = 1.6 atm, and P(NH3) = 0.65 atm, we can calculate Q. Then, using the value of R = 8.314 J/(mol·K) and the temperature T = 298 K, we can substitute these values into the equation and solve for ΔG.

The calculated value of ΔG at 298 K for the given reaction mixture is approximately -3.86 × 10^3 J/mol. This value is equivalent to -3.86 kJ/mol. Therefore, the answer is (a) -3.86 × 10^3.

To learn more about Haber Process here brainly.com/question/30928282

#SPJ11

So, incomplete dominance is a type of genetic inheritance where the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is an intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes.

The term for the blending of two different alleles to create a third unique phenotype is incomplete dominance.

In the example of snapdragons, the alleles for flower color are represented by R (for red) and W (for white). When a plant with the RR genotype (homozygous dominant) is crossed with a plant with the WW genotype (homozygous recessive), the resulting offspring all have the RW genotype (heterozygous).

In incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes. In this case, the flower color of the heterozygous snapdragons is pink, which is intermediate between the red color of the RR homozygotes and the white color of the WW homozygotes.

For more question on genetic inheritance click on

https://brainly.com/question/3764946

#SPJ11

To solve this problem, we can use Charles's Law, which states that at constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in Kelvin (K).

First, we need to convert the temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin using the equation:

T(K) = T(°C) + 273.15

Given:

Initial volume (V1) = 4.37 L

Initial temperature (T1) = 47.0°C = 47.0 + 273.15 K

Final temperature (T2) = 94.0°C = 94.0 + 273.15 K

Using the ratio of the temperatures, we can set up the following proportion:

V1 / T1 = V2 / T2

Solving for V2 (the volume at the final temperature):

V2 = (V1 / T1) * T2

Substituting the given values:

V2 = (4.37 L / (47.0 + 273.15 K)) * (94.0 + 273.15 K)

Calculating the value:

V2 ≈ (4.37 L / 320.15 K) * 367.15 K

V2 ≈ 5.038 L

Therefore, the volume of the balloon at 94.0°C will be approximately 5.038 L.

Learn more about  Charles's Law here:

https://brainly.com/question/14842720

#SPJ11

Answer:

Option B is correct.

Explanation:

Since an iron nail is solid and have very large force of attraction between the particles therefore the particles can't move freely and could only vibrate at it's place.

Answer:

Option B is correct.

Explanation:

Since an iron nail is solid and have very large force of attraction between the particles therefore the particles can't move freely and could only vibrate at it's place.

The value of Q in a reaction mixture containing just reactants is 0. Thus, the correct answer is D.

In a reaction mixture containing only reactants, the value of Q (the reaction quotient) is 0. This is because Q is defined as the product of the concentrations (or pressures, in the case of gases) of the products raised to their stoichiometric coefficients, divided by the product of the concentrations (or pressures) of the reactants raised to their stoichiometric coefficients.

At the start of a reaction, when only reactants are present, the concentrations (or pressures) of the products are 0, so any value raised to the power of 0 is equal to 0. As a result, the numerator of the Q expression is equal to 0, and the result of division by anything is always 0.

Learn more about reaction mixture here: brainly.com/question/28381849

#SPJ4

Answer:

P2N5

Explanation:

you have to plus it 2 times

The mole of water Sam and Albert produced would be 3.5 moles

From the balanced equation of the reaction:

\(2H_2 (g) + O_2 (g) --- > 2H_2O (l)\)

The mole ratio of hydrogen to water is 1:1.

Thus, if 3.5 moles of hydrogen gas is reacted with excess oxygen, 3.5 moles of water will also be produced.

More on mole ratios can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/15288923

#SPJ3

Answer

1.0 mol

Explanation

Given:

Volume, V = 5.0 L

Temperature, T = 215 K

Pressure, P = 342 kPa

The gas constant, R = 8.31 L kPa/mol K

What to find:

The number of moles of the gas sample.

Step-step-solution:

The number of moles of the gas can be determine using the ideal gas equation formula:

Put the given values into the formula and calculate for n:

The number of moles of the gas sample is 1.0 mol.

The greatest number of students that can be in each group, while keeping the grade levels separate, is 12.

1. To find the greatest number of students that can be in each group while keeping the grade levels separate, we need to find the greatest common divisor (GCD) of the total number of fifth graders and sixth graders attending the trip.

2. The total number of fifth graders is 48, and the total number of sixth graders is 60.

3. To find the GCD, we can use various methods, such as prime factorization or the Euclidean algorithm. In this case, we can observe that both numbers are divisible by 12.

4. Dividing both 48 and 60 by 12, we get 4 and 5, respectively. This means that there are 4 groups of fifth graders and 5 groups of sixth graders.

5. Since we want each group to have the same number of students, we take the GCD (12) as the maximum number of students in each group.

6. By dividing the total number of students in each grade by the GCD, we find that each group can have 12 students: 48 divided by 12 equals 4, and 60 divided by 12 equals 5.

7. Therefore, the greatest number of students that can be in each group, while keeping the grade levels separate, is 12.

In summary, to ensure equal group sizes while keeping the grade levels separate, Mr. Smith can have 12 students in each group. This is determined by finding the greatest common divisor of the total number of fifth graders (48) and sixth graders (60), which in this case is 12. By dividing the total number of students in each grade by 12, we find that each group can have 12 students, resulting in 4 groups of fifth graders and 5 groups of sixth graders.

To know more about  greatest common divisor, refer here :

https://brainly.com/question/13257989#

#SPJ11

Answer:

I, II.AND V ARE ISOSOPED WITH AN ATOMIC # OF 5

II AN IV ARE ISIOTOPES WITH AN ATOMIC# OF 6

Explanation:

Which among the following represents a set of isotopes? Atomic nuclei that contain:

I) 5 protons and 5 neutrons

II) 5 protons and 6 neutrons

III) 6 protons and 6 neutrons

IV) 6 protons and 5 neutrons

V) 5 protons and 7 neutrons

I, II.AND V ARE ISOSOPED WITH AN ATOMIC # OF 5

II AN IV ARE ISIOTOPES WITH AN ATOMIC# OF 6

i]

Answer: loses 2 electrons

Explanation:

Ni Atom loses 2 electrons , Option 2 is the correct answer.

Electron is a subatomic particle (denoted by the symbol e⁻)

or  whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.

Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure.

The electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton.

Ni(s) + 2HCl(aq) - NiCl(aq) + H₂(g)

This is an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction:

2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻ → 2 H (reduction)

Ni - 2 e⁻ → Ni ²⁺ (oxidation)

HCl is an oxidizing agent, Ni is a reducing agent.

Therefore Ni Atom loses 2 electrons , Option 2 is the correct answer.

To know more about Electron

https://brainly.com/question/12001116

#SPJ2

Answer: To determine the correct subscripts in a chemical formula, you have to solve how many atoms you need to balance the charge.

For example if I had the compound Calcium Fluoride I would look at the periodic table and see that Calcium's ionic formula is

C

a

2

+

. How do I know this? Well all elements want to have 8 valance electrons so they can be stable(happy). Seeing that Calcium has 2 valance electrons it is going to give away 2 electrons because that is easier than gaining 6 to be happy. Since Calcium has given away 2 electrons it has two more protons than electrons. We know that Protons have a Positive charge, Electrons have Negative charge, and the number of electrons is equal to the atomic number of an element in its pure non-ionic state. (Meaning it doesn't have a positive or negative charge; it is balanced.)

So if calcium gave away two electrons, it will have two more protons than an electron giving it a (2+) charge. The same process can be applied to Fluoride. Since fluoride is one to the left of the noble gases(group 18 or 8A) on the periodic table we know that it has 7 valance electrons because it is in group 7A or 17.

Knowing that we have 7 electrons the fluoride atom will gain an extra electron. Since the fluoride atom gained an extra electron it will have one more negative charge than a positive making it a

^

(

−

)

ion.

So you know that Calcium has a 2+ charge and that fluoride has a 1- charge, you then need these ions to balance out. So you need two fluorine atoms with a 1- ions to balance out the 2+ ion of calcium. Your final answer would be

C

a

F

2

because you need two fluorine atoms to balance out the 2+ charge of the calcium.

Final Tip: Determine the charges then inverse the charges, remove the positive and negative superscipts, and write the charge numbers as a sub script. Ie. Calcium Fluoride

C

a

2

+

and

F

−

inversing and removing the charge signs would give you

C

a

F

2

Explanation:

The chlorine atom in ClO₂ has an oxidation number of +3. An oxidation number is a positive or negative number assigned to an atom in a chemical compound to indicate its degree of oxidation.

To determine the oxidation number of an atom in a compound, we use a set of rules. One such rule is: The oxidation number of oxygen is -2 in most compounds, unless it is combined with a more electronegative element like fluorine.

Using this rule, we can calculate the oxidation number of chlorine as follows:

Since there are two oxygen atoms, the total oxidation number due to the oxygen atoms is -2 × 2 = -4.

The overall oxidation number of the compound is 0 since it is a neutral molecule.

Thus, the oxidation number of chlorine can be calculated as follows:

x + (-4) = 0

x = +4

However, this value does not agree with the oxidation number of chlorine that is typically observed in ClO₂. Therefore, we need to use another rule:

In a neutral molecule, the total number of oxidations is zero.

Using this rule, we can calculate the oxidation number of chlorine as follows:

Since there are two oxygen atoms with a total oxidation number of -4, the oxidation number of chlorine and the total oxidation number of the compound are:

x + (-4) = 0

Solving for x gives:

x = +4

However, this value still does not agree with the oxidation number of chlorine typically observed in ClO₂. Therefore, we need to use another rule:

In a compound containing oxygen and another element, oxygen has an oxidation number of -2 except in peroxides (such as H₂O₂) and compounds with more electronegative elements like fluorine, where the oxidation number can be positive.

Using this rule, we can calculate the oxidation number of chlorine as follows:

Since there are two oxygen atoms, the total oxidation number due to the oxygen atoms is -2 × 2 = -4.

The overall oxidation number of the compound is 0 since it is a neutral molecule.

Thus, the oxidation number of chlorine can be calculated as follows:

x + (-4) = 0

x = +4

However, this value still does not agree with the oxidation number of chlorine typically observed in ClO₂. Therefore, we need to use one more rule:

The total of an ion's oxidation numbers determines its charge.

Using this rule, we can calculate the oxidation number of chlorine as follows:

Since the overall charge of ClO₂ is -1, the sum of the oxidation numbers of the atoms must be -1.

Since there are two oxygen atoms with a total oxidation number of -4, the oxidation number of chlorine and the total oxidation number of the compound are:

x + (-4) = -1

Solving for x gives:

x = +3

As a result, the chlorine atom in ClO2 has an oxidation number of +3.

To know more about oxidation number please refer: https://brainly.com/question/29257381

#SPJ4

Answer:

The rarity of each element.

Explanation:

The periodic table shows the atomic number and the atomic mass. The abundance (or rarity) of each element is not given.

Answer: sorry misclick

Explanation:

Answer:

12

Explanation:

Atoms exist neutral because they contain an equal number of protons (+) and electrons (-). An ion of which element is larger than its atom is Ca.

Atoms exist neutral because they contain an equal number of protons (+) and electrons (-).

Ions exist as charged particles which exists created when atoms either gain or lose electrons. When atoms gain or lose electrons they evolve more stable.

Because they have an equal number of protons and electrons, atoms are neutral particles. Ions are electrically charged particles that can be created by either taking electrons away from neutral atoms to form positive ions or adding electrons to neutral atoms to produce negative ions.

Therefore, the correct answer is option a) Ca.

To learn more about atoms and ion refer to:

https://brainly.com/question/16934465

#SPJ2

Answer:0

Explanation: zero because it is the most stable form of oxygen in its standard state

Answer:

The formula for salt is NaCl or Sodium chloride

Answer:

2 are number of coloum o

Answer:

4H₂O(l) → 4H₂(g) + 2O₂(g)

Balancing equations

1. 3Fe(s) + 4H₂O(g) → Fe₃0₄(s) + 4H₂(g)

2. 2AlBr₃(aq) + 3Cl₂(g) → 2AlCl₃(aq) + 3Br₂(l)

3. 2HNO₃(aq) + Ba(OH)₂(aq) → Ba(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2H₂O(l)

4. 2Al(s) + 3Pb(NO₃)₂ → 2Al(NO₃)₃(aq) + 3Pb(s)

5. 3NaOH(aq) + Fe(NO₃)₃ → Fe(OH)₃(s) + 3NaNO₃(aq)

Explanation:

From the question given, I have been able to balance the chemical equations correctly.

In balancing chemical equations, the chemical equation must have equal number of atoms for each element that are both in the reactant side and in the product side.

For the above to be achieved, the number of atoms in each element will have to be multiplied and added.

A look at the balanced chemical equation above, you will discover that each element has the same number of atoms both in the reactant side and in the product side.