What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?
(A) It uses viral RNA as a template for DNA synthesis.
(B) It converts host cell RNA into viral DNA. (C) It translates viral RNA into proteins. (D) It uses viral RNA as a template for making complementary RNA strands.
Answers
The function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses is it uses viral RNA as a template for DNA synthesis.Thus, option A is correct.
What is virus?A virus is a microscopic organism that causes serious diseases and they are only active and alive when they enter into host body.
The structure of virus is very simple and the virion contains single molecule of nucleic acid which is covered by a coat of protein known as capsid.
The viruses may contain DNA or RNA any one of them. They never contain both DNA as well as RNA and its nucleic acid is either single stranded or double stranded.
Therefore, the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses is it uses viral RNA as a template for DNA synthesis.Thus, option A is correct.
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Related Questions
If someone suffered a severe burn, which layer of skin’s destruction would mean they absolutely would need a skin graft to recover—that no natural recovery would be possible? a stratum spinosum b stratum granulosum c stratum basale d stratum corneum
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In order for someone to recover from a severe burn, a skin graft may be necessary for natural recovery to be possible. The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the skin, and it is the most affected layer in a severe burn.So the correct option is d.
The stratum corneum provides a protective barrier which prevents water, bacteria, and other environmental elements from entering the body. When this layer of skin is destroyed, it leaves the underlying layers of skin exposed, leading to increased risk of infection and tissue damage. Without the protective barrier of the stratum corneum, natural recovery would be impossible, and a skin graft would be necessary in order to protect the underlying layers of skin and promote healing.
The stratum basale is the deepest layer of the skin, and it is responsible for the production of new skin cells. In a severe burn, this layer of skin can be damaged and unable to produce enough cells to adequately heal the skin. Without the ability to generate new cells, the skin cannot repair itself, and a skin graft would be required to replace the damaged cells.
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13. How does meiosis explain the consistency of the 3 dominant: 1 recessive ratio in the F2 generation ?
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Meiosis is the process by which gametes (sex cells) are formed. During meiosis, the homologous chromosomes of a cell separate and are distributed to different gametes. This results in the formation of genetically diverse gametes, each containing only one copy of each chromosome.
When these gametes combine during fertilization, the resulting offspring inherit one copy of each chromosome from each parent. This means that each offspring has a unique combination of genetic information.
In the F2 generation, the offspring inherit one copy of each gene from each parent. If one parent has two dominant alleles and the other has two recessive alleles, all of the offspring will inherit one dominant allele and one recessive allele. This results in a 3 dominant: 1 recessive ratio.
This ratio is consistent because each parent contributes one allele for each gene. Since there are two possible alleles for each gene, there are four possible combinations of alleles in the offspring: DD, Dd, dD, and dd. The ratio of these combinations is 3:1, which explains the consistency of the ratio in the F2 generation.
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How do cells relate to the overall function of an organism
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Answer: Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. The human body is composed of trillions of cells. They provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialized functions.
how do plant cells differ from animal cells structurally?
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Answer:
plant cells have a rigid cell wall that helps it keep shape and animal cells don't
Answer:
Plant cells contain a cell wall to help give better structure and protection than animal cells. Plant cells also contain a large central vacuole that is used to store waste and water. Another thing is that plant cells have an organelle that preforms photosynthesis.
The Next Two Years During a follow-up period of two years, Mr. Smith's asymptomatic hypertension persisted despite aggressive attempts with initial monotherapy followed by combination therapy using several different pharmacologic agents. All medications were gradually introduced by his physician, one agent at a time in an orderly fashion with incremental dosages over a period of time. In addition to the HCTZ (thiazide diuretic) now at a newer dose of 25 mg orally once a day, his latest regimen included enalapril (ACE inhibitor) at 20 mg orally once a day, and amlodipine (calcium channel blocker) at 10 mg orally once a day. Meanwhile, Mr. Smith's restaurant had expanded and he had spent the last two years working on managing his larger and more successful business. He had observed that his blood pressure was still elevated despite his medication and he felt thirstier than usual and frequently urinated. He also noticed a new onset of gradually recurring headaches. Mr. Smith suspected diabetes and returned to the doctor's office. His doctor performed blood work and a physical examination, which revealed a blood pressure of 145/85 mmHg, a heart rate of 80 bpm and mild peripheral edema. The results from the blood tests showed that his blood glucose levels were normal; however his renal function test values were borderline high and the potassium level was slightly low at 3.1 mEq/L, which prompted his physician to add to his medication regimen K-Dur (a potassium supplement) at 10 mEq orally twice daily. With diabetes mellitus ruled out, his doctor made the recommendation for Mr. Smith to continue with the current medications and placed him on a low sodium/low cholesterol diet. Subsequent office follow up visits (at three-month intervals) along with corresponding lab work remained relatively stable with minimal change when compared to previous parameters. Questions 1. How do diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers help to treat hypertension? 2. Name the hormones that regulate the balance of sodium and potassium levels and explain how they work. 3. Why did the doctor advise a diet low in sodium and cholesterol? 4. What may be the reasons for the recurring headaches Mr. Smith is experiencing 5. What are the reasons for Mr. Smith's polyuria and polydipsia?
Answers
Hypertension medications help relax blood vessels and reduce heart workload. Aldosterone and ADH regulate sodium and water balance. A low-sodium, low-cholesterol diet can control blood pressure.
1. Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers are used to treat hypertension by helping to relax and widen blood vessels. They help to reduce the amount of water and sodium in the body and decrease the amount of work that the heart needs to do to pump blood throughout the body.
2. Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone are hormones that regulate the balance of sodium and potassium levels. They work by regulating the amount of water and salt in the body. Aldosterone is produced in the adrenal glands and acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and the secretion of potassium in the urine.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced in the hypothalamus and acts on the kidneys to decrease the amount of water excreted in the urine. 3. A diet low in sodium and cholesterol was recommended by the doctor to help control Mr. Smith's blood pressure. Sodium is known to increase blood pressure in some individuals, and cholesterol can contribute to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can also increase blood pressure.
A low-sodium, low-cholesterol diet can help to reduce the amount of plaque in the arteries and improve blood flow.4. The recurring headaches that Mr. Smith is experiencing may be due to his elevated blood pressure. High blood pressure can cause headaches, particularly when it is severe or uncontrolled.
5. Mr. Smith's polyuria and polydipsia may be due to his elevated blood pressure and the medications he is taking to control it. These medications can cause increased urination and thirst as a side effect. Additionally, polyuria and polydipsia are common symptoms of diabetes, which were ruled out in Mr. Smith's case.
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A 13-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her father because of a 1-month history of pain in her right knee. She is a competitive volleyball player and has missed several games recently due to pain. Examination shows swelling distal to the right knee joint on the anterior surface of the proximal tibia; there is no overlying warmth or deformity. Extension of the right knee against resistance is painful. Which of the following structures is attached to the affected anterior tibial area?
patellar ligament
premature birth
Betamethasone
Answers
The 13-year-old girl is experiencing pain in her right knee due to swelling on the anterior surface of the proximal tibia, which is affecting her ability to play competitive volleyball. In this case, the affected structure attached to the anterior tibial area is the patellar ligament.
The patellar ligament is a strong, fibrous band that connects the patella (kneecap) to the tibia (shinbone). It plays a crucial role in the extension of the knee, allowing for movements such as jumping, running, and other athletic activities like volleyball. Extension of the right knee against resistance being painful for the girl further supports that the patellar ligament is involved in this situation.
The other terms mentioned, premature birth and betamethasone, are not directly relevant to the issue at hand. Premature birth refers to a baby born before 37 weeks of gestation and is not related to the knee pain. Betamethasone is a corticosteroid medication used to treat various inflammatory conditions but does not refer to any specific structure within the knee joint.
In conclusion, the patellar ligament is the structure attached to the affected anterior tibial area in this 13-year-old girl experiencing knee pain.
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how dose ecosystem behave as a system
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A person without the allele for sickle cell anemia has children with a person who is a carrier for sickle cell anemia but doesn’t have the disease. What percentage of their children will have sickle cell anemia? What percentage of their children will be carriers for sickle cell anemia? Show your work with a Punnett square. Plese help!!!!
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If one parent has sickle cell trait (HbAS) and the other does not carry the sickle haemoglobin at all (HbAA) then none of the children will have sickle cell anaemia. There is a one in two (50%) chance that any given child will get one copy of the HbS gene and therefore have the sickle cell trait.
what is sickle cell anemia ?Sickle cell anemia is a type of hereditary disease provides less oxygen to cells due to a change in the shape of red blood cells, so that it fails to carry oxygen to cells.
The effected or mutated part is the beta gene which is generally makes hemoglobin but due to the mutation in the amino acid, the protein formed is defected and fails to perform its normal function.
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I’ll give brainlist to right answers only! There are three questions.
Please do not assume that the grey on them is the answer. My mouse was hover over them
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The variation is only the criteria that apply before selecting a beak in natural selection.
What do you mean by Natural selection?Natural selection may be defined as the favorable variations that assist any organism to survive and reproduce in a particular habitat.
The Earth had formed about 4.6 billion years ago. About 3.5 billion years ago, the first prokaryotic cell was formed. While about 1.5 billion years ago, the first eukaryotic cell was formed.
Vestigial structures are those structures that most likely had a function at one time, but no longer serve as a known function.
Therefore, each of the questions are described above.
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functions of androecium in point
Answers
Answer: The point of stamen, which connects the anther and the filament is called connective. Its main function is the production of microspores, i.e., pollen grains containing male gametes within the anther lobe.
Explanation:
describe two ways experimental design can be used in medicine and healthcare
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Answer:
Experimental or interventional studies compare the effect of treatments or interventions with control in humans. Placebo or different treatment(s) or intervention(s) may be used as control. Experimental studies have to be transparent and evidence-based. Two examples include clinical studies as well as observational drug studies.
Which tree is characteristic of tropical coastal wetlands
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A prey population consists of individuals with a variety of reaction times. The adaptation that allows some of these animals to react faster would be an example of natural selection if it helps them a. Reduce the mortality rate of the population
b. Reproduce and increase gene frequency in the population
c. Survive and mate
d. Produce offspring that can react at an average speed
Answers
The correct answer is option (A) Reduce the mortality rate of the population.
Natural selection is a pressure that causes groups of organisms to change over time. Animals inherit their genetics from their parents or ancestors, and the environment is constantly changing. So, no organism is perfectly adapted to its environment. Thus, natural selection is constantly influencing the evolution of species.
The environment will change, even if a parent was perfectly acclimated to it, leaving the offspring poorly adapted to it. Only the best and fittest organisms can reproduce since there are many species and few resources. Natural selection, which is thought of as the environment and forces acting to prevent organisms from surviving and reproducing, operates against all living things. As a result, living things have the ability to pass on their DNA to the next generation. These DNA sequences are "selected" for by this.
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If there is a widespread break up of lysosomes what happens to the intracellular environment of a cell. A-The acidic environment from the lysosome may destroy the cell. B-The low pH of the cytoplasm will dilute any acid entering the cell. C-Enzymes enter the extracellular space and become inactive. D-The neutral pH of the cell is increased, thereby altering the functions of other organelles.
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Answer:
All of the proteins that pass through the Golgi apparatus, except those that are retained ... are sorted in the trans Golgi network according to their final destination. ... an acid environment, and the lysosome provides this by maintaining a pH of ... to the cytosol, from where they can be either excreted or reutilized by the cell.
Explanation:
Which of the following statements is true? Which of the following statements is true? No archaea are capable of using CO2CO2 to oxidize H2H2, releasing methane. Prokaryotes have low levels of genetic diversity. Archaea and bacteria have identical membrane lipids. The cell walls of archaea lack peptidoglycan.
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Answer:
The correct answer is - The cell walls of archaea lack peptidoglycan.
Explanation:
Archaea are the prokaryotes that are different from bacteria in various ways but the most important differences are the membrane lipids and the major component of the cell wall that lacks peptidoglycan found in the cell wall of bacteria.
These prokaryotes are able to use carbon dioxide to oxidize hydrogen, releasing methane. Archaea-like prokaryotes have a high level or complex genetic diversity.
Which of the following statements describes a benefit of most cells being
small?
A. Small cells move more slowly than larger cells,
B. Small cells move more quickly than larger cells.
C. Small cells have a greater surface-to-volume ratio than larger
cells
D. Small cells have a smaller surface-to-volume ratio than larger
cells.
SEN
Answers
What Practices could we have put into place to prevent the nutrient pollution of Lake Okeechobee?
Answers
Answer:
stop the burning of coals that put the pollution and over amounts of nutrients
Explanation:
you are working in a laboratory that has just discovered a new form of multicellular animal. based on the microscopic analysis by your team, the animal has a simple body plan and contains a gastrovascular cavity. how would you predict that waste will be eliminated by this animal?
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Based on the information given in question, it is predicted that The animal will eliminate waste through its mouth.
First, the animal has a gastrovascular cavity, which is a digestive chamber with a single opening that serves as both the mouth and anus. This means that waste will be eliminated through the same opening as food is taken in.
Additionally, the animal has a simple body plan, which suggests that it does not have a complex excretory system that would eliminate waste through specialized organs or structures.
So, based on these factors, it can be predicted that waste will be eliminated by this animal through its mouth.
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When does the exponential growth of a population stop?
Answers
Answer:
When the population reaches its carrying capacity.
Explanation:
As a population grows, there is more competition for resources which can limit a population. There are also natural disasters that can play a role too such as disease. Another factor that is part of carrying capacity is the size of the habitat. If there is no room, then the population cannot increase.
Answer: When the organisms compete
Explanation:
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The summary equation for photosynthesis is A. CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2 + ATP B. CO2 + H2O + light → C6H12O6 + O2 C. C6H12O6 + O2 + light → CO2 + H2O + ATP D. C6H12O6 → CO2 + Ethyl alcohol + ATP
Answers
Answer:
C6H12O2ATP=DPC
Explanation:
Cell inhibitors cause cyclins to be
Answers
the answer is: degraded
What special structures are needed for green plants.
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Answer: Plant cells contain special structures called chloroplasts, which contain a special green pigment called chlorophyll. Then, the choloroplasts create food in the form of sugar for energy (as well as oxygen) from their surrounding environment.
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One of the main elements that makes up air. This is a waste product of photosynthesis
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Explanation: The products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen.
Did you know that oxygen is actually a waste product of photosynthesis? Although the hydrogen atoms from the water molecules are used in the photosynthesis reactions, the oxygen molecules are released as oxygen gas (O2). (This is good news for organisms like humans and plants that use oxygen to carry out cellular respiration!) Oxygen passes out of the leaves through the stomata.
The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis—also known as the Calvin cycle—use enzymes in the stroma, along with the energy-carrying molecules (ATP and NADPH) from the light-dependent reactions, to break down carbon dioxide molecules (CO2) into a form that is used to build glucose.The mitochondria in the plant’s cells use cellular respiration to break glucose down into a usable form of energy (ATP), which fuels all the plant’s activities.
After the light-independent reactions, glucose is often made into larger sugars like sucrose or carbohydrates like starch or cellulose. Sugars leave the leaf through the phloem and can travel to the roots for storage or to other parts of the plant, where they’re used as energy to fuel the plant’s activities.
are the colonies of the organism streaked in this question pigmented? is the pigment soluble or non soluble
Answers
Answer:
Soluble in water
Explanation:
There are various pigments which are produced by bacteria. These pigments can be soluble or insoluble in water. Bacteria's have potential to produce diverse bioproducts. The pigments produced by bacteria are of different colors. These pigments are used to add color to textile or paint.
for an apoenzyme to become a functional holoenzyme, it must ______.
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For an apoenzyme to become a functional holoenzyme, it must bind with coenzyme.
Cofactors are inorganic ions, such as metal ions, that are required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. Coenzymes, on the other hand, are organic molecules, often derived from vitamins, that assist enzymes in carrying out their catalytic functions.The apoenzyme refers to the protein component of an enzyme, which is usually inactive on its own.The binding of a cofactor or coenzyme to the apoenzyme results in the formation of the holoenzyme, which is the active form of the enzyme capable of catalyzing a specific biochemical reaction.
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.When a cell repairs a double-strand DNA break by the mechanism of nonhomologous end joining, the original DNA sequence at the repair site ____.A) may be changed by a short addition.B) may be changed by a small inversion.C) may be changed by a small deletion.D) is always reformed with 100% accuracy.
Answers
When a cell repairs a double-strand DNA break by the mechanism of nonhomologous end joining, the original DNA sequence at the repair site may be changed by a small deletion. Option C
What is the DNA?The error-prone DNA repair technique known as nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) rejoins damaged DNA ends without the need of a template. Cells frequently use this quick repair method to patch up double-strand DNA breaks.
The broken ends of the DNA are immediately ligated back together during NHEJ, but the procedure may result in minor base insertions or deletions.
The correct response is that a tiny deletion may cause the original DNA sequence at the repair site to alter.
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where is wind energy taken from
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Answer:
The sun's uneven heating of the atmosphere, changes in the earth's temperature, and the earth's rotation all contribute to wind. Wind flow patterns are influenced by mountains, bodies of water, and plants. Wind turbines work by spinning propeller-like blades around a rotor to turn wind energy into electricity.
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Diarrhea is when what organ does not absorb water?
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What is another name for the larynx?
Answers
Answer:
it's also called voice box
Easy way to remember it next time is LV=Louis Vuitton,so larynx=voice box
Which of the following are examples of geological processes that occur slowly
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Answer:
Explanation:
Earth changes in its own natural ways. Some changes are due to slow processes, such as erosion and weathering, and some changes are due to rapid processes, such as landslides, volcanic eruptions, Tsunamis and earthquakes.
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The examples of geological processes that occur slowly is soil erosion and weathering.
What do you mean by soil erosion?Soil erosion is the denudation or wearing away of the upper layer of soil. It is a form of soil degradation. This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice, snow, air, plants, and animals.
Soil erosion occurs primarily when dirt is left exposed to strong winds, hard rains, and flowing water. In some cases, human activities, especially farming and land clearing, leave soil vulnerable to erosion.
Removing trees and plants, plowing fields, and overgrazing by livestock disrupts roots that stabilize sediment and soil. These human activities can increase erosion rates 10 to 100 times that of non-human geologic processes.
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