What were TWO new inventions during the Industrial Revolution, and how did they change American life

Answers

Answer 1

Dynamite

Dynamite was invented by Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, in the 1860s.

Prior to its invention, gunpowder (called black powder) had been used to shatter rocks and fortifications. Dynamite, however, proved stronger and safer, quickly gaining widespread use.

Alfred called his new invention dynamite, after the ancient Greek word ‘dunamis’, meaning ‘power.’ He did not want it to be used for military purposes but, as we all know, the explosive was soon embraced by armies across the world

The photograph

In 1826, French inventor Joseph Nicéphore Niépce created the first permanent photograph from a camera image.

Niépce captured the photograph from his upstairs window using a camera obscura, a primitive camera, and a pewter plate, having experimented with various light-sensitive materials.

This, the earliest surviving photograph of a real-world scene, depicts a view of Niépce’s estate in Burgundy, France.

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Related Questions

Identify a relevant reasoning process.
In the period from 1200 to 1450 CE, trans-Saharan trade networks influenced state formation in West Africa.
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the process of West African state formation was influenced by trans-Saharan trade.
Which reasoning process is required by the prompt? Explain your choice and provide your reasoning in a brief response.

Answers

Answer:

The prompt requires causation processing because it is asking how trade networks affect state formation. Causation describes causes and effects of historical development and the question is asking for the effect trade networks have on state formation in West Africa.

Explanation:

Answer:

The reasoning process required by the prompt is causation. This is because the prompt is asking how trade networks affect state formation. We can see this because causation describes the causes and effects of historical development and the question is asking for the effect trade networks have on state formation in West Africa.

Explanation:

This is what I wrote.

Starting in the economic boom after World War II, advertising:

Answers

Starting in the economic boom after World War II, advertising experienced significant growth and transformation. The post-war period witnessed a surge in consumer demand and the rise of a more affluent middle class, which created a favorable environment for increased advertising.

During this time, advertising became more sophisticated and pervasive, utilizing various mediums such as print, radio, and television to reach a wider audience. Advertisers recognized the potential of television as a powerful tool for promoting products and services to a mass audience. Television commercials became a popular and effective way to capture people's attention and influence consumer behavior.

The advertising industry also benefited from technological advancements that allowed for more targeted and personalized advertising campaigns. Market research and data analysis became essential tools in understanding consumer preferences and tailoring advertisements accordingly. This led to the development of strategies like demographic targeting and segmentation, enabling advertisers to reach specific audiences with tailored messages.

Furthermore, advertising techniques and creative approaches evolved during this period. Advertisements increasingly focused on appealing to emotions, aspirations, and desires of consumers rather than simply presenting product features. Advertising agencies started employing psychological and persuasive tactics to create memorable and impactful campaigns.

The economic boom after World War II also led to increased competition among businesses, prompting them to invest heavily in advertising to differentiate themselves in the market. Brands began to emphasize branding and brand identity as a means to establish a distinct image and cultivate customer loyalty.

Overall, the post-World War II economic boom marked a turning point in the advertising industry. It witnessed the expansion of advertising into new mediums, the adoption of targeted marketing strategies, and the emergence of more sophisticated and persuasive advertising techniques. This period laid the foundation for the advertising landscape we see today, with advertising playing a significant role in shaping consumer culture and driving economic growth.

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ww2 7th grade history

ww2 7th grade history

Answers

Answer:

Concentration Camps - 3

Ghettos - 4

Final Solution - 5

Mobile Units - 1

Nuremburg Race Laws - 2

Concentration camps; 3, places were jews and others were deported.

Ghettos; number 4, places used to segregate Jews in Poland and Germany

Nuremberg Race Laws; number 2, passed in 1935 and took Jews rights away

Mobile Units; Number 1, special SS police

Final Solution: Number 5.

Though President Lincoln insisted he could not legally abolish slavery on his own, his election in 1860 resulted in which action?

Answers

Answer:Southern states began to secede from union because they felt Lincoln would restrict their rights and abolish slavery in the South

Explanation:

Why did the British march on concord?
1. To start war with the Americans
2. To put down unrest in the colonies
3. To deliver weapons to the colonist

Answers

Answer:

2

Explanation:

The British found out the Americans were hiding firearms inside Concord and marched over there to seize them

What she or he said was right

The promise of creating
the Bill of Rights was
needed to ensure
ratification of what?
A. Articles of
Confederation
C. Constitution
B. Treaty of Paris
D. Kansas-Nebraska
Act

Answers

Answer + Explanation:

Hi, history buff here!! Took me a second, yet I was asked something similar and had to create a 4 page essay in two class periods on just that question.

The Bill of Rights is the name given to the first 10 amendments of the United States Constitution. During the ratification process of the Constitution in 1787-1788, many Anti-Federalists (opponents of a strong central government) were concerned that the new government created by the Constitution would not adequately protect individual liberties and rights.

To address these concerns and win over the Anti-Federalists, James Madison, a Federalist and member of the First United States Congress, proposed a series of amendments to the Constitution that would explicitly protect individual liberties and rights, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press, the right to bear arms, the right to a fair and speedy trial, and protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.

The promise of creating the Bill of Rights was crucial in securing the support of the Anti-Federalists for the ratification of the Constitution. The Bill of Rights was ultimately added to the Constitution in 1791, two years after it was ratified, and it has been an integral part of American constitutional law ever since, providing important protections for individual liberties and rights.

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The Constitution.

The antifederalist wouldn't agree on the constitution without the bill of rights to establish individuals freedoms since they didn't like too much federal power.

2. Which statement best reflects the claim made by the historian in this excerpt?
Most American colonists believed that elites were best suited to govern.
Belief in equality before the law was widespread in Colonial America despite its social and political inequality.
Equality before the law is a concept that originated in 18th century colonial America.
Enlightenment thinkers influenced colonists to believe in special treatment for elites.

Answers

Equality before the law is a concept that originated in 18th century colonial America best reflects the claim made by the historian in this excerpt.

What was the outcome of the American Revolution or how did it affect the rest of the world?

New marketplaces and trade connections were made possible by the Revolution. The American triumph also allowed for invasion and settlement of the western regions, opening up new home markets. Instead of relying solely on British manufacturers, Americans started to establish their own.

Securing a French alliance during the revolution was arguably Benjamin Franklin's most significant achievement to his country out of all of his other accomplishments. Without France's financial and military support, the colonists' chances of defeating the powerful British empire would have been far worse.

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Who lost his Savannah homes to the
British during the Revolutionary War?
A. gwinnett
b. hall
c.walton

Answers

Answer:

B hall......................

Hall lost his Savannah homes to the British during the Revolutionary War Option(b) is correct. The Loyalists were the conspicuous victors in the Transformation; they acquired freedom, the option to rehearse delegate government.

What is a Revolutionary War?

Battle of public freedom, clashes battled by ethnicities to acquire autonomy. Defiance, a refusal of submission or request.

The English conflict exertion in the long run hit a wall and came to a standstill at Yorktown. On October 19, 1781, Cornwallis gave his battered armed force over to the Americans the English systems had fizzled.

Somewhere in the range of 25,000 and 70,000 American Nationalists kicked the bucket during dynamic military assistance. Of these, roughly 6,800 were killed in fight, while something like 17,000 kicked the bucket from illness. Most of the last kicked the bucket while detainees of battle of the English, for the most part in the jail ships in New York Harbor.

After French help assisted the Mainland Armed force with compelling the English acquiescence at Yorktown, in 1781, the Americans had successfully won their autonomy, however battling wouldn't officially end until 1783.

Therefore Option(b) is correct.

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How does Du Bois try to convince African Americans to support the war effort?

Answers

Answer:

In 1918, Du Bois published an editorial called "close ranks," which called on African Americans to support the war effort.

Explanation:

I majored in History.

Make a prediction about the future development of Algeria

Answers

a more ambitious structural reform agenda should be implemented, stronger measures will for diversification of the economy , improvement of competitiveness, and boosting growth and employment, advances in financial sector reform should continue , access to financing for the private sector Then the economic revolution that Mr Pouria Amishahi wished for coul maybe happen Maybe. Unless the oil barrel price dropped drastically that is

Drag the correct labels to the box. Not all labels will be used.
Identify the statements that best describe the ancient Hebrews.
They followed a Messiah who gave them commandments to live by.
They were cattle herders.
They were polytheistic until they converted to a monotheistic religion.
They had many fights with the Canaanites, so they became strong warriors.
They were led by a prophet who spoke to God and was told to return to Canaan.
They offered prayers to idols.

Answers

The statements that describe the ancient Hebrews are:

They were cattle herders.They had many fights with the Canaanites, so they became strong warriors.They were led by a prophet who spoke to God and was told to return to Canaan.What did the ancient Hebrews do?

The ancient Hebrews were monotheistic because they served only one God who is the God of Abraham. He spoke to a prophet who would then lead them.

They were also cattle herders who became quite strong thanks to having fought the Canaanites and being backed by God.

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why did spanish want independence

Answers

Answer:

The Catalan independence movement (Catalan: independentisme català; Spanish: independentismo catalán) is a social and political movement (with roots in Catalan nationalism) which seeks the independence of Catalonia from Spain.

How did nationalism create the spark that started WWI?

Answers

Answer: Nationalism was a great cause of World War one because of countries being greedy and not negotiating. ... The use of Nationalism gave nations false hope and aggressive to win the war. Even if they weren't able to win a war due to their strength and understanding of plans and leaders. This leads to Imperialism.

Vladivostok, a thriving city situated at the end of the Trans-Siberian Railway, was once closed to
foreigners and most Russians because of its strategic military importance. Its navy was based
there. It was opened by Mikhail Gorbachev near the end of the Cold War and during his period of
"Glasnost". Now people from different countries may visit Vladivostok freely.
Situated on Golden Horn Bay, which empties into the Sea of Japan and the Pacific Ocean, it is
still the headquarters of Russian Pacific naval operations.
According to the passage above, why was Vladivostok once closed to
foreign countries?

Answers

Answer:

Vladivostok was once closed because of its military importance, for it was the location of the Russian navy base.

Explanation:

In the given passage about Vladivostok, the speaker explicitly mentions why the place had been previously closed to outsiders and even Russians. Even though it had now been opened for the public, the same has not been the case during the period of the Cold War.

Opened by Mikhail Gorbachev, Vladivostok was a "strategic military" location for the Russian Navy and thus, closed for easy access, especially during the Cold War. But more lately, though still the "headquarters of the Russian Pacific naval operations", the base is now open for everyone to visit.

Which future U.S. president wrote the document that acted as the model for the U.S. Constitution?

A. George Washington
B. James Madison
C. John Adams
D. Thomas Jefferson

Answers

Answer: James Madison

Explanation:

Answer:

its james madison:) i did this on a test and got it right!

Explanation:

1. What was Japan's own secret weapon?​

Answers

Answer:

Japan secret weapon was aGun

In 1819, Representative James Tallmadge from New York proposed a provision to make _____ a free state.

a. Ohio

b. Texas

c. Tennessee

d. Missouri

Answers

d. Missouri

In 1819, Representative James Tallmadge from New York proposed a provision to make Missouri a free state.

Which statement best describes woman’s legal rights in the United States during the early 1800s

Answers

During the early 1800s in the United States, women had limited legal rights and were generally considered to have a subordinate status compared to men. Women's legal rights were restricted in various aspects, including:

Property and Wealth: Women had limited control over their property and wealth. In many states, married women's property was legally owned by their husbands, and they had little to no rights to own or manage property in their own name.Marriage and Divorce: Women had few rights in marriage. The legal doctrine of coverture treated a married woman as a legal extension of her husband, meaning she had limited legal identity separate from her spouse. Divorce laws were also restrictive, making it difficult for women to obtain divorce or retain custody of their children.Political Participation: Women had little to no political rights during this period. They were generally excluded from voting and holding public office.Employment and Education: Women faced limited opportunities for employment and education. It was rare for women to pursue higher education, and their access to professional careers was severely restricted.Legal Standing: Women had limited legal standing in courts. Their testimonies were often given less weight than that of men, and they had limited rights to sue or be sued.

Overall, women's legal rights in the early 1800s were characterized by significant limitations and inequalities, reflecting a societal structure that marginalized and subordinated women to men in various aspects of life.

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What is implied about the
Prioress based on the
description of her eating
habits?

Answers

The Prioress speaks French with an English inflection. Despite her best efforts, her table manners are coarse.

What does the Prioress appear to be most concerned about?

The message of the brooch is also more secular than religious, as it is more akin to secular love than religious love. The Prioress appears to be more concerned with earthly than religious matters.

Her manners were one-of-a-kind and meticulously practiced. Her table manners were admirable: she never let a morsel fall from her lips, nor did she dip her fingers too deeply in the sauce; she carried a morsel to her lips daintily, taking care that no drop fell on her dress. she took great pleasure in proper etiquette.

Therefore, This tale involves themes of innocence, motherhood, and antisemitism.

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According to the Adams-Onis treaty, Spain gave up claims to the_
A. Oklahoma
B. Oregon
C. Colorado
D. Texas
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
Ο Α
OB
C
OD
Mark this and return
Save and Exit
Territory.
Next
Submit?

Answers

Answer:

D. Texas was the land that Spain gave up claims to according to the Adams-Onis Treaty.

please answer dont have to answer all. Please real answers dont answe then delete.​

please answer dont have to answer all. Please real answers dont answe then delete.

Answers

17. George Mortimer Pullman

23. Christopher Latham Sholes

27. Thomas Edison

29. Humphry Davy

31. Peter Durand

35. Alexander Graham Bell

Please help!! (no links)

what did the 13th amendment accomplish?

A ) All former slaves are citizens and are equal in the eyes of the law.
B ) All male citizens have the right to vote.
C ) That a state can segregate the population based on skin color.
D ) That slavery is illegal in the United States and its territories.

Answers

The 13th amendment abolished slavery within the U.S or any place subject to their jurisdiction
The answer is D. Correct me if i’m wrong.

VA & US Next (2015) / SECTION 1 / 6 OF 50/-
The Three-Fifths Compromise was primarily developed to gain the support of
O A. Mid-Atlantic merchants
O
B. New England businessmen
C. Western fur traders
20%
O D. Southern plantation owners

Answers

The Three-Fifths Compromise was developed during the Constitutional Convention in 1787 as a way to determine how enslaved individuals would be counted for representation and taxation purposes. Hence D is correct.

Southern plantation owners supported the compromise because they wanted to ensure that enslaved individuals were counted as part of their state's population, which would give them greater representation in the Constitutional  House of Representatives. At the same time, they also wanted to avoid being taxed for the full number of enslaved individuals in their state.

2 The compromise determined that each Constitutional  enslaved individual would be counted as three-fifths of a person for both representation and taxation purposes.

This compromise was crucial in gaining the support of Southern states and ultimately led to the adoption of the United States Constitution.

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If you are going to write a history of Covid-19, how are you going to analyze it by giving attention to contingency, accident, and conjuncture in history?

Answers

In the beginning, the government used emergency pandemic response money for urgent health needs, including as setting up testing labs, creating special wards to increase hospitalization and care capacity, and buying essential medical equipment.

What is an epidemic, huh?

Finally, let's clarify what a pandemic is by providing an explanation. A pandemic is a disease outbreak that affects a large number of people, usually through person-to-person transmission, and occurs when there are more cases of a disease than predicted distributed across numerous continents or nations.

How are pandemics and epidemics different from one another?

"An epidemic that has spread over numerous nations or continents, usually impacting a significant number of people," is what the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) refer to as a pandemic.

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A member of the Senate makes a statement to the press that she is unsure of how she is going to vote on a bill. After numerous calls from her constituents asking her to vote for the bill, she votes in support of the bill.

Answers

A member of the Senate makes a statement to the press that she is unsure of how she is going to vote on a bill. This is an example of republicanism.

Republicanism contends that a country is run as a republic, or that a country ought to be run as a republic where the head of state is chosen through non-hereditary means and protects the interests of both the country and the people who were elected to hold political office. In a word, representatives in a republic must serve the needs of the people they represent.

In the given question, a senator tells the media that she isn't sure how she would vote on a certain issue. Because the senator changed his mind about the bill he would reject because his voters expressed interest in that bill, this is an illustration of republicanism.

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Complete Question:

A member of the Senate makes a statement to the press that she is unsure of how she is going to vote on a bill. After numerous calls from her constituents asking her to vote for the bill, she votes in support of the bill. What is this an example of?

What was the Chinese political historic perspective in 1839 during the opium trade?

Answers

In 1839, China was ruled by the Qing dynasty, which had been in power since 1644. The Qing dynasty was facing various challenges at the time, including a weakened economy, increasing social unrest, and pressure from Western powers seeking increased trade opportunities.

The opium trade was a major issue for China during this time. The British had been importing opium into China from their colonies in India, leading to widespread addiction and social problems in China. In an effort to curb the opium trade and address the societal issues it created, the Qing government issued a series of edicts and regulations prohibiting the importation and sale of opium. The British government, however, refused to comply with these regulations, and tensions between the two nations continued to escalate.

From a Chinese political historic perspective, the opium trade was seen as a symbol of Western imperialism and a threat to China's sovereignty. It was believed that foreign powers were seeking to exploit China's weaknesses and impose their own economic and political systems. This created a sense of nationalism and resistance among the Chinese people, and ultimately led to the outbreak of the First Opium War in 1839.

Qing Dynasty ruled China in 1839, the Dynasty had a perspective that the opium trade posed a great threat to the political as well as the social order of the country.

Opium was considered an addictive as well as harmful drug by the Qing Dynasty which the British merchants were forcing upon Chinese people in order to gain economic and political power as well as influence over China. This trade was viewed as exploitation and imperialism by the Chinese government.

Opium trade was considered a direct challenge to the authority and sovereignty of the Chinese government. The government devised several anti-opium campaigns in order to stop the opium trade leading to the Opium War of 1839. The war from the Chinese perspective was considered a struggle to save their country as well as protect their people from foreign aggression and the harmful effects of opium.

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a. Germany
b. USSR
c. Italy

1. Class Consciousness
2. Nationalism
3. Racism and Anti-Semitism
h

Answers

The ideology that was a key component in the political systems of Germany, the USSR, and Italy during the 20th century was nationalism.

Nationalism was a key ideology in the political systems of Germany, the USSR, and Italy during the 20th century. Nationalism emphasizes the loyalty and devotion to one's own nation, often accompanied by a sense of superiority and the pursuit of national interests.In Germany, the rise of Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler was fueled by an extreme form of nationalism that sought to establish a racially pure German nation and expand its territory. Similarly, in Italy, Benito Mussolini and his fascist regime promoted Italian nationalism, aiming to restore Italy to its former glory as a powerful empire.In the USSR, although communism was the dominant ideology, nationalism played a significant role as well. The Soviet Union promoted Soviet nationalism, which emphasized the unity and strength of the diverse ethnic groups within the Soviet Union.While class consciousness and racism were also present in varying degrees in these countries, nationalism was a unifying force that shaped the political landscapes of Germany, the USSR, and Italy during the 20th century.

The correct option is: nationalism.

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Complete question:

Which ideology was a key component in the political systems of Germany, the USSR, and Italy during the 20th century?

a. Class Consciousness

b. Nationalism

c. Racism and Anti-Semitism

Review the events that escalated tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States during the Cold War (the Bay of Pigs, the Berlin Wall, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the early Vietnam War). In a five paragraph essay, explain how well or poorly you think President John F. Kennedy handled each of these challenges. Should the United States have taken a different approach in dealing with the Soviet Union, or were Kennedy's actions correct?

Answers

The Cuban Missile Crisis was a series of events that heightened tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States during the Cold War. Kennedy challenged the country to commit to achieving the goal by the end of the decade.

What is the Cuban Missile Crisis?

The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis in Cuba, the Caribbean Crisis in Russia, or the Missile Scare, was a 35-day conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union.

During the Cold War, the Cuban Missile Crisis was a series of events that heightened tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States.

The Soviet Union was brought about by a complex interplay of ideological, political, and economic factors.

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three specific events or beliefs that led to the development of the two-party system​

Answers

Answer:

1.  Supporters of Hamiltons vs. Supporters of Jeffersons.

2.  Federalists and Democratic-Republicans

3.  The Farewell address by George Washington

Explanation:

1. Supporters of Hamiltons vs. Supporters of Jeffersons: following the independence of the United States. The financial and economic policy to follow, a case that was argued openly by Hamilton vs Jefferson, caused division among the citizens and eventually led to the idea of a two-party system.

2. Federalists and Democratic-Republicans: during the war between France and Great Britain, the Federalists in their attempt to avoid war, prefer not to support France, while the Democratic-Republicans preferred to support France as a return favor to the French's help in American Revolution. The subsequent actions and actions caused further division in the country and led to a two party system.

3. The Farewell address by George Washington: following George Washington's two-term stint as United States President, he left a farewell message address which the citizens at the time were divided on his opinion. According to Washington, an alliance with any nation outside the USA should be temporary and circumstantial. This led to the emergence of a two party system in the US.

1. Analyze Adlai Stevenson's 1952 campaign poster on page 152, and answer
the following questions:
What details do you see?



Do you think such a poster could actually influence people's views
in an election?
According to the poster, why should people vote for Stevenson?
To whom is the poster designed to appeal?
0
What other kinds of political media messages have you been
exposed to? Did they have any influence on your political views?

Answers

In Adlai Stevenson's 1952 campaign poster, we see a comparison of the things being offered by Roosevelt and those offered by Hoover. This kind of poster can influence people's views in an election.

The content of the poster

In the poster, it is said that people should vote for Stevenson because he belongs to the party of Roosevelt which promises security, better homes, and higher wages for the populace.

Some other kinds of political media that a person can be exposed to include radio and television advertising. Television media has a strong influence on political views because of its audio-visual capacity.

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which action can best limit the transmission of pathogens by indirect contact Please hurry Which of the following best describes the effect the poem's repetition has on its tone?-A The poem repeats certain phrase structures to strengthen its persuasive tone,-B The poem repeatedly refers to the colonized people as "heathen" or "children,"thus contributing to the snobby tone.-C The poem repeats the phrase "Take up the White Man's burden" and thereforemakes the tone seem bossy and argumentative.-D The poem repeats the phrase "Take up the White Man's burden" as a sort of callto action, thus contributing to the encouraging, prideful tone, which structure is the membrane that serves as the protective, fluid filled sac in which an embryo is suspended? A silk cloth gains electrons when rubbed over a glass rod. a different glass rod gains electrons when rubbed with rabbit fur. what will happen if the two charged glass rods approach one another and why? What device connects to the network and has the sole purpose of providing data to clients?A. NASB. NATC. NACD. NaaS a uniform solid sphere of radius r produces a gravitational acceleration of ag on its surface. at what two distances from the center of the sphere is the gravitational acceleration (ag/2)? (hint: consider distances both inside and outside the sphere.) Planificamos y Revisamos nuestras propuestas de acciones creativas. Ayuda por favor es para Maana :3 Two acquaintances have approached you about investing in business activities in which each is involved. Simone is seeking $575, and Riley needs $680. One year from now, your original investment will be returned, along with $52 income from Simone or $55 income from Riley. You can make only one investment. Required: a-1. Compute the ROI of Simone and Riley. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.) ROI Simone Riley a-2. Which investment would you prefer? Simone Riley b. What other factors should you consider before making either investment? 6 cm5 cm13 cmArea of figure 1 half times 2 / 6 times six plus four HELP HELP HELP EXTRA POINTS - Why did the Senate censure Andrew Jackson? Can tell me the settings of Flowers for Algernon? A list is sorted in ascending order if it isempty or each item except the last one isless than or equal to its successor. Define afunction issorted that expects a list as anargument and returns True if the list issorted, or returns False otherwise. (Hint:For a list of length 2 or greater, loopthrough the list and compare pairs ofitems, from left to right, and return False ifthe first item in a pair is greater.)I am trying to get this to work for my python class, if someone could help that would be fantastic and thank you in advance. 5. a) A farmer has 9 1/2 ha (hectares) of land. He needs 1 1/4 ha for each crop. How many different crops can he plant? b) Will all the land be used for planting? Explain your thinking. Are names of vehicles capitalized and Italized? Exercise 3 Insert an adjective clause to modify the noun or pronoun in italics.The car wash was held in the morning,______________________ Need help ASAPWhere can I get an inhaler for my asthma?I can't find them anywhere, and I need to get one :(pls help. Will mark brainliest URGENT!! WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!! Calculate the size of angle tState any circle theorems that you use Why do the unpleasant images on the cigarrtte packets do notdeter us from smoking