Choose the true statements about amyloid fibrils. 3 options are correct:a) An amyloid fibril typically forms from aggregates of misfolded peptides resulting from frameshift mutations. b) An amyloid fibril is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions between aromatic residues. c) Soluble proteins that misfold and form amyloid fibrils become insoluble. d) Because most newly synthesized proteins fold correctly, the accumulation of misfolded proteins (or fragments) tends to occur slowly, thus explaining the slow onset of disease. e) Proteins that convert to an amyloid fibril structure tend to have low solubility in their native form.
Answers
Answer:
The correct answers are: b) "An amyloid fibril is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions between aromatic residues", c) "Soluble proteins that misfold and form amyloid fibrils become insoluble", and d) "Because most newly synthesized proteins fold correctly, the accumulation of misfolded proteins (or fragments) tends to occur slowly, thus explaining the slow onset of disease".
Explanation:
Amyloid fibrils are protein aggregates that can cause pathological conditions, for instance, they are found in brain tissue in people with Alzheimer disease. This disease, and other relates diseases, have a slow onset because most newly synthesized proteins fold correctly and the protein aggregates are made up misfolded proteins. This newly synthesized proteins are soluble, but once the proteins are misfolded, they form amyloid fibrils that are insoluble. The amyloid fibrils are stabilized by hydrophobic interactions between aromatic residues, which are formed within the complex of insoluble misfolded proteins.
Related Questions
Fertilizers that enter the ocean from farm runoff can cause an increase in
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A postsynaptic neuron has an RMP of -70mV and a typical threshold of -55mV. It has three presynaptic inputs-from neurons X, Y, and Z. Stimulation of
neuron X causes the postsynaptic neuron to depolarize by 0.5 mV. When X and Y are stimulated simultaneously, the postsynaptic neuron depolarizes by
1 mV, If X fires 10 times and Y fires 10 times the result will be …
Multiple Choice
a subthreshold summation.
presynaptic inhibition.
threshold is reached and an AP is fired.
many APs are fired.
the membrane depolarizes.
Answers
When X fires 10 times and Y fires 10 times, the result will be a subthreshold summation.
Subthreshold summation happens when two or more presynaptic inputs that are sub-threshold (i.e., they cannot create an action potential) combine their effects on the postsynaptic neuron.
Here, the postsynaptic neuron has an RMP of -70mV and a typical threshold of -55mV. When neuron X is stimulated, it depolarizes by 0.5 mV.
When X and Y are stimulated simultaneously, the postsynaptic neuron depolarizes by 1 mV, which is sub-threshold (below -55mV).
Therefore, when X fires 10 times and Y fires 10 times, the postsynaptic neuron will experience subthreshold summation and no action potential will be fired.
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SECTION B: QUESTION 2 2.1 The diagram below shows part of the human ear. 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 E A B C Explain the consequence if structure E lost its flexibility. Describe the process of hearing. D 2.Z Identify structures A and B Give the LETTER and the NAME of the parts that: (a) equalises pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane (b) absorbs excess pressure waves from the inner ear (2) (2) (2) (2) (7) (15)
Answers
If structure E (stapes) lost flexibility, it would impair sound transmission, leading to hearing sensitivity.
Process of hearing: Sound waves enter the ear, vibrate the eardrum (tympanic membrane). Ossicles (A: malleus, B: incus) amplify vibrations to inner ear. Vibration of fluid in cochlea stimulates hair cells, converting to electrical signals for interpretation.
Structure A: Malleus
Structure B: Incus
(a) Structure C (eustachian tube) equalizes pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane.
(b) Structure D (round window) absorbs excess pressure waves from the inner ear.
If structure E, which is the ossicles (specifically the malleus, incus, and stapes), lost its flexibility, it would have a significant consequence on hearing. The ossicles play a crucial role in the process of sound transmission. They amplify sound vibrations that enter the ear through the outer ear and transfer them to the inner ear. The flexibility of the ossicles allows them to vibrate in response to sound waves, transmitting these vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea in the inner ear.If structure E lost its flexibility, the transmission of sound vibrations would be impaired. This would result in a reduced ability to perceive and interpret sound. Hearing sensitivity would be significantly compromised, and sounds may appear muffled or distorted. It may become challenging to distinguish different pitches or understand speech clearly.The process of hearing involves several steps. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and reach the eardrum (tympanic membrane). The vibrations of the eardrum are then transferred to the ossicles (structures A and B in the diagram), which amplify and transmit the vibrations to the cochlea (structure C). The cochlea is responsible for converting the mechanical vibrations into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. These signals are then sent to the brain via the auditory nerve, where they are processed and perceived as sound.Structure A, known as the Eustachian tube, equalizes pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane. It connects the middle ear to the back of the throat, allowing air to flow in and out, maintaining equal pressure on both sides of the eardrum.Structure B, called the round window, acts as a pressure relief valve. It absorbs excess pressure waves from the inner ear, preventing damage to delicate structures by allowing fluid in the cochlea to move in response to the sound vibrations.Overall, the ear is a complex and intricate system that relies on the interaction of various structures to enable the sense of hearing.For more such questions on Hearing sensitivity:
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Hearing involves a process of sound wave transduction through the tympanic membrane and ossicles. If the tympanic membrane (E) loses its flexibility, sound quality may diminish. The Eustachian tube and cochlea serve to manage pressure within the ear.
Explanation:The process of hearing (audition) involves the transduction of sound waves into a neural signal. When the tympanic membrane (structure E in your diagram), or eardrum, is struck by sound waves, it vibrates. These vibrations are then transferred to the ossicles, which are three small bones in the middle ear. The ossicles are identified as structures A (Malleus or Hammer) and B (Incus or Anvil) in your diagram. Sound waves are finally transduced into a neural signal in the inner ear.
If the tympanic membrane was to lose its flexibility, it would not vibrate as effectively when struck by sound waves. This could diminish the quality of sound and potentially lead to hearing loss.
The Eustachian tube equilibrates air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane. This would be your answer to part (a) of the lettered question. Part (b) refers to the role of the cochlea in the inner ear, which helps to absorb excess pressure waves from the inner ear.
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Explain what traits you would give a pathogen if you wanted to make it hard for a vaccine to be used. List at least 4 things help please
Answers
Answer:
Here are four traits that would make it hard for a vaccine to be used:
1. Rapid mutation rate. If a pathogen mutates rapidly, it will be able to evade the immune system's defenses, including the antibodies produced by a vaccine. This is a particular problem with viruses, which can mutate very quickly.
2. Ability to evade the immune system. Some pathogens are able to evade the immune system by hiding inside cells or by changing their surface proteins so that they are no longer recognized by the immune system. This makes it difficult for the immune system to mount an effective response to the infection.
3. Ability to spread easily. If a pathogen is easily spread from person to person, it will be more difficult to prevent infection through vaccination. This is a particular problem with respiratory viruses, which can be spread through coughing and sneezing.
4. Lack of animal reservoirs. If a pathogen does not have animal reservoirs, it will be more difficult to develop a vaccine against it. This is because vaccines are typically developed using weakened or killed versions of the pathogen. If there are no animal reservoirs, there will be no source of the pathogen to use for vaccine development.
It is important to note that these are just a few of the traits that can make it difficult to develop a vaccine against a pathogen. There are many other factors that can contribute to the difficulty of vaccine development, such as the cost of vaccine development, the availability of funding, and the political will to support vaccine development.
Degradation of nucleotides, such as the nitrogen-containing bases adenine and thymine, produces ____________ . If blood concentrations of this compound are too high, crystals may precipitate out and collect in the joints, producing a painful ailment called ____________ .
Answers
Degradation of nucleotides, such as the nitrogen-containing bases adenine and thymine, produces Uric acid. If blood concentrations of this compound are too high, crystals may precipitate out and collect in the joints, producing a painful ailment called Gout.
What is Uric acid?Uric acid is a waste product of the body generated in the metabolism of purines which is well known to be part of nucleotide metabolism (i.e., adenine and thymine) and they are heterocyclic organic compounds that consist of two rings, and generates goat when it is not excreted properly.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that Uric acid is generated by the body as a waste produced in the metabolism of adenine and thymine.
Complete question:
Fill in the blank. Degradation of nucleotides, such as the nitrogen-containing bases adenine and thymine, produces ____________ . If blood concentrations of this compound are too high, crystals may precipitate out and collect in the joints, producing a painful ailment called.
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Explain how parts of a whole system contribute to the function of a whole system?
Answers
Organ systems are made up of parts that contribute to the functions of the whole system.
How do parts contribute to the functioning of the whole system?The human body system is made up of parts that work together to carry out certain functions. For example, the integumentary system conducts the function of protecting the body and consists of skin, hair and nails that integrate together to make the whole system.
The immune system an other example of the same that is made up of intricate organs, tissues and cells like the White blood cells that come together to carry out the function of keeping infections at bay.
Two or more body systems also work together to perform a particular function. Like the respiratory and circulatory systems join to provide oxygen to the cells and give out carbon dioxide.
This is how parts of the whole system contribute to the function of the whole system.
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.
15. All the things in an experiment that must be the same to make it fair are called?
A) controlled variables or constants
XB) independent variables
C) controlled experiments
XD) dependent variables
Answers
The answer is A.
Independent variables are the things a scientists changes and dependant variables are the things scientists measures for the experiment.
Scientists are testing the impact of soil on the growth of a plant. They add the plant to soil that has been sterilized (removed of all microbes), and the plant fails to grow. What might be one cause of this finding
Answers
Explanation:
not really sure what microbes in the plant Falls to grow
What organism that does photosynthesis will you have in your aquaponics system?
Answers
Hello! In an aquaponics system, you can have various organisms that perform photosynthesis, such as algae, duckweed, and aquatic plants like watercress, lettuce, and basil. These organisms are important in the system as they convert carbon dioxide into oxygen, which is essential for the survival of the fish in the system. Additionally, they also help in removing excess nutrients from the water, thereby improving water quality.
A plant that has round seeds is crossed with one that has wrinkled seeds. The offspring had half round seeds and half wrinkled seeds. What were the genotypes of the parents?
A plant that has round seeds is crossed with one that has wrinkled seeds. The offspring had half round seeds and half wrinkled seeds. What were the genotypes of the parents?
Rr x Rr
RR x rr
Rr x rr
RR x Rr
Answers
Answer:
2nd one
Explanation:
I believe this is correct. rr is a recessive homozygous.
Grade 10 Bio:10 marksWhat are the cells involved for the stimulation of the sperm in male and ovaries in female.Explain Secondry Sexual Growth in both Male and Female.
Answers
To answer this question we need to look at where the gametes are produced in the case of males is in the seminiferous tubules, where are located the spermatogonia, which are the cells that through mitosis and meiosis produce mature sperm. In the case of females, the ovules are matured in the ovaries the ovules per se, are stored immature in the ovaries, that is to say, that a woman is born with a certain number of oocytes, that are the immature ovules.
• frogs and fishes can ____, ___
respond and move by
themselves.
(similarities between fish and frog)
Answers
Answer:
swim
Explanation:
because frogs were born with no feets so it can swim even though frogs have feet
Describe how controlling gene expression will alter the overall protein levels in the cell. (6)
Answers
Gene expression is the process by which genetic information is transcribed into proteins.
When a gene is turned on, it produces a protein that interacts with other proteins in the cell and causes a change in cell function. Gene expression is controlled by either negative or positive regulators.
Negative regulators are proteins that bind to the promoter region of a gene and inhibit its transcription. Positive regulators are proteins that bind to the promoter region of a gene and enhance its transcription.
When a gene's promoter region is bound by a negative regulator, the transcription of that gene will be inhibited. This means that the levels of protein produced from that gene will be decreased as well as their functions. On the other hand, when a positive regulator binds to the promoter region of a gene, it increases its transcription and production levels.
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Geneticists often use blank records to study human traits
historical
local
genetic
partial
Answers
Geneticists often use historical records to study human traits.
What is genetics?Genetics is described as the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.
Modern genetics began with the work of the Augustinian friar Gregor Johann Mendel.
Attribution to his work on pea plants, published in 1866, provided the initial evidence that, on its rediscovery in 1900, helped to establish the theory of Mendelian inheritance.
Genetic diseases can be categorized into three major groups and they include:
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WITHOUT FURTHER ACTION TO PROTECT CORAL REEFS FROM THE
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL
THREATS, THE WORLD WILDLIFE FUND PROJECTS HOW MUCH OF
THE REEFS WOULD BE LOST BY 2033?
35%
25%
50%
60%
Answers
Answer:
I will say 60% or it can also be 25% lost
Which of the following ways are leftover neurotransmitters cleaned up if they
have not been accepted by the postsynaptic neuron?
Pick 2
the neurotransmitters are broken down in the synapse
the postsynaptic neuron absorbs the neurotransmitters
The presynaptic neuron absorbs the neurotransmitters
the neurotransmitters are built up to create a new neuron
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is -
the neurotransmitters are broken down in the synapse
The presynaptic neuron absorbs the neurotransmitters
Explanation:
The termination of the neurotransmitters is essential as if they can cause harm by continuing the stimulus effect on the muscles or cells. To clean up these neurotransmitters there are two ways- Degradation of neurotransmitters with the help of enzymes in the synapses or synaptic cleft and the presynaptic neurons absorbs or suck up neurotransmitters. The neuron (presynaptic neuron) is that releases the neurotransmitter like dopamine, serotonin, is the one that re-uptake it.
This reuptake is done by transporter proteins that are are symporters in nature as these proteins pump neurotransmitters as well as ions back into the neuron.
How does genetic variation get passed down in sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction ?
Answers
Genetic variation get passed down in sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction through the process of fusion of gametes and also the splitting of the parent cells.
What is Genetic variation?
This is referred to as the difference in DNA among individuals or the differences between populations.
Sexual reproduction provides genetic diversity because the sperm and egg that are produced contain different combinations of genes than the parent organisms. Asexual reproduction, on the other hand, does not need sperm and eggs since one organism splits into two organisms that have the same combination of genes.
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What did Lister show concerning pathogens?
Answers
EXPLANATION/ANSWER:
Lister is a doctor, surgeion, and medical scientist that proved the Germ Theory. The Germ Theory states that invasion foreign bodies inside the human body can cause diseases.
5. The petroleum industry uses 1% of the available fresh water in
Alberta for oilfield injection, while farmers use 47% for irrigation. Why are many citizens opposed to the use of water by the petroleum industry but are not concerned with the use of water for irrigation?
A. The petroleum industry has lots of money.
B. Food produced by irrigation is more vital than the oil produced by the petroleum industry.
C. Water used by the petroleum industry is injected deep
underground and does not return to the hydrological cycle.
D. Farming is more important to the province than the petroleum
industry is.
Answers
Water used by the petroleum industry is injected deep underground and does not return to the hydrological cycle. The correct option is C.
Water and petroleum industriesMost of the water used in oil extraction is not returned to the hydrological cycle.
In actual fact, some percentage of the water used in extracting crude oil tends to be a source of pollutants to the freshwater reservoir in the environment.
With irrigation farming, this is not the case. Thus, many citizens will oppose the use of water by the petroleum industry but not irrigation farming.
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Police arrive on the scene of a suspicious death at 11:00 am. When the medical examiner arrives, he takes the rectal temperature of the corpse and finds that it is 89.4° F. Using the Glastier equation, calculate the approximate time of death.
Answers
Using the Glastier equation, the approximate time of death of the victim is 4:53 am.
Glastier equationThe Glaister equation is a method for estimating the time of death based on the body's core temperature.
It states that the body temperature drops at a rate of about 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit per hour after death, until it reaches the ambient temperature.
To use the Glaister equation, we can subtract the rectal temperature of the body from the normal core body temperature of 98.6°F (37°C) and divide the result by 1.5°F per hour to estimate the number of hours since death.
In this case, the rectal temperature of the body is 89.4°F, so we can calculate the time of death as follows:
Time since death = (98.6°F - 89.4°F) / 1.5°F per hour
Time since death = 6.07 hours
Therefore, based on the Glaister equation, the approximate time of death would be around 4:53 am.
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Which of the following lists the steps of technological development in the
correct order, from first to most recent?
Answers
The hot air balloon was invented before the first plane.
What will happen to the environment where kudzu plants grow and spread?
OA. The amount of sunlight reaching the ground will decrease, which will cause other plant species to die.
OB. The soil will become more sandy, which will cause other plant species to die.
OC. The temperature and wind speed in the area will drop, which will cause more plant species to grow.
OD. The amount of rain in the area will increase, which will cause more plant species to grow
Answers
Answer:
Its A. The amount of sunlight reaching the ground will decrease, which will cause other plant species to die. 100%
Explanation:
I did it on study island :)
How fast do trees grow
Answers
Answer:
The rate at which trees grow varies depending on the species, environment, and other factors. Some trees can grow up to several feet per year, while others grow more slowly.
The discovery of cells was made possible by the invention of microscopes today several different types of microscopes are used by scientists
Answers
Answer:
:>
Explanation:
25.Adaptation must occur in order for species to survive in
the environment. Which of the following will happen due to
environmental pollution?
O A. Species will be able to survive.
O B. Species will have difficulty surviving.
O C. This environmental change will not affect any species.
O D. The environmental changes will only affect big species.
Answers
What does the moon not have on its own?
O rotational period
O gravity
O revolution period
Olight
Answers
The Moon can only be seen as a result of the Sun's light reflecting off it. It does not produce any light of its own.
The moon does not produce any light on its own, and can be seen of reflection from sun light
the direct cause of the heat generated by a wound or local infection is _____
A. white blood cells that leak through the capillary B. walls clotting factors in the blood that begin to seal the wound C. the engulfing of the bacteria histamine, which causes the smooth muscle D. cells of the arterioles to relax; this leads to a cascade of events causing the tissue to become hot E. the presence of the bacteria or the foreign object
Answers
The heat had by a wound or local illness is directly attributable to histamine, which causes the smooth muscle cells of the arterioles to relax; this leads to a cascade of events causing the tissue to become hot. The correct answer is (C).
The skin is the only part of the body that experiences heat, which is the result of increased blood flow through the area. Chemical inflammatory mediators cause fever and contribute to the injury's elevated temperature.
During irritation, the blood supply increments, helping convey insusceptible cells to the impacted region. An infected area close to the surface of the body becomes warm and red as a result of the increased blood flow.
When tissues are damaged by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other factor, the inflammatory response (inflammation) takes place. Histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins are among the chemicals that are released by the damaged cells.
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Under certain conditions, it is possible to get more work out of a machine than you put into it.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
T
F
Answers
Answer:
the first option is true
PLEASE. I NEED HELP ASAP!!!
What do you think would be the hardest part of a career in forestry? How could you overcome this challenge? Explain your answers.
Answers
Answer:
the math. pay money.
Explanation:
drop the mic.
When Shontrelle sits in a certain chair at her eye doctor's office , she finds herselt blinking more than normal . She wonders if this is related to the fact that every time she sits in that chair , her eye doctor shoots a puff of air in her eyes , making her blink . What is the unconditioned stimulus ?
Answers
An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that leads to an automatic response.
Each time she sat in the chair the doctor will shoot a puff of air in her eyes, which causes her to blink more.
The unconditioned stimulus is what causes her to blink which is the puff of air shoot in her eyes.